animal toxins
DESCRIPTION
Scorpions. AnIMal Toxins. Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Subphylum: Chelicerata Class: Arachnida Subclass: Dromopoda Order: Scorpiones. Scientific classification. Characteristics of scorpions. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
ANIMAL TOXINSScorpions
SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION Kingdom:Animalia Phylum:Arthropoda Subphylum:Chelicerata Class:Arachnida Subclass:Dromopoda Order: Scorpiones
CHARACTERISTICS OF SCORPIONS
They have eight legsAre easily
recognized by the pair of grasping
claws
narrow, segmented tail
with a venomous stinger
Scorpions range in size from 9 mm (Typhlochactas
mitchelli) to 21 cm (Hadogenes
troglodytes).
SCORPION ANATOMY
1 = Cephalothorax or Prosoma;2 = Abdomen or Mesosoma;3 = Tail or Metasoma;4 = Claws or Pedipalps5 = Legs;6 = Mouth parts or Chelicerae;7 = pincers or Chelae;8 = Moveable claw or Tarsus;9 = Fixed claw or Manus;10 = Sting or Telson;11 = Anus.
5 MOST POISONOUS SCORPIONS OF THE WORLD
Fat Tailed ScorpionsScientific name:Androctonus crassicaudaFamily: ButhidaeGenus: AndroctunusToxin:
5 MOST POISONOUS SCORPIONS OF THE WORLD
DeathStalker ScorpionScientific name:Leiurus quinquestriatusFamily:ButhidaeGenus:LeiurusSpecies:L. quinquestriatusToxin:Chlorotoxin
5 MOST POISONOUS SCORPIONS OF THE WORLD
Gormar ScorpionScientific name:Pandinus CavimanusFamily:Genus:
5 MOST POISONOUS SCORPIONS OF THE WORLD
Red Claw ScorpionScientific name:Pandinus cavimanusFamily: ScorpionidaeGenus: PandinusSpecies : P. cavimanus
5 MOST POISONOUS SCORPIONS OF THE WORLD
Emperor ScorpionScientific name:Pandinus imperatorFamily:ScorpionidaeGenus:PandinusSpecies:P. imperatorToxin: imperatoxin
Transvaal thick-tailed scorpion or dark scorpionFamily:ButhidaeGenus:ParabuthusSpecies:P. transvaalicusToxin: birtoxin
CHLOROTOXIN (CTX) 36 Amino Acid Residue Inhibits conductance of chloride channels by blocking Ca++ activated chloride channels in the Central Nervous System.
Chloride channel protein ClC-Ka Chloride channel protein ClC-Kb Chloride intracellular channel protein 1 Chloride intracellular channel protein 2 Chloride intracellular channel protein 3 Chloride intracellular channel protein 4 Chloride intracellular channel protein 5 Chloride intracellular channel protein 6 Chloride channel protein, skeletal muscle Chloride channel protein 2 H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 3 H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 5 Chloride transport protein 6 Chloride channel protein 7 H(+)/Cl(-) exchange transporter 4
CHLOROTOXIN
BIRTOXIN 58 amino acid residues Changes sodium channel activation
BIRTOXIN
scorpio maurusScientific name:S. maurus palmatusFamily:ScorpionidaeGenus:ScorpioSpecies:S. maurusToxin: maurotoxin
MAUROTOXIN 34 amino acid residue Acts by blocking several types of voltage-gated potassium channel.
Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 1
Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 2
Small conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 3
Intermediate conductance calcium-activated potassium channel protein 4
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 1
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 2
Potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily A member 3
MAUROTOXIN
SYMPTOMS OF POISONING Fever excessive salivation involuntary tearing nausea or vomiting confusion coma convulsions increased or decreased heart rate, body
temperature disregulation, and pulmonary edema (wet lungs)
FIRST AID If you are stung by any scorpion, including the
venomous Arizona Bark Scorpion, here are some immediate actions you should take:
1. Wash the area with soap and water. 2.Apply a cool compress on the area of the scorpion
sting. Ice (wrapped in a washcloth or other suitable covering) may be applied to the sting location for ten minutes. Remove compress for ten minutes and repeat as necessary.
3. If stung on a limb (arm or leg) elevate the limb to heart level.
4. Keep your tetanus shots and boosters current.
REFERENCES http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorotoxin http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parabuthus
_transvaalicus http://health.nytimes.com/health/guide
s/poison/scorpions/overview.html