endo toxins
TRANSCRIPT
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Endotoxins: An indoor air andsettled dust survey.
J. Dobranic, Ph.D.* & S. Cappuccio, B.Sc.
EMSL Analytical, Inc.www.emsl.com
Tel: 800-220-3675
Email: [email protected]
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Introduction
Evaluate and compare fungal contamination
in air and surface samples with endotoxin in
accumulated dust.
Dust may represent cumulative exposure to
endotoxin.
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Endotoxin
Pyrogenic, cell wall component
(lipopolysaccharide) of Gram-negative
bacteria. Heat-stable
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Endotoxin
Elevated airborne concentrations areprevalent in sewage treatment plants
swine operations cotton textile mills
poultry houses
water damagedbuildings
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Health Effects
Produces airway inflammation (wheezing)
Associated with increased severity of child
and adult asthma
Exposure during childhood may reduce
allergic responses later in life
Cause of Humidifier Fever
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Materials and Methods
Various fungal samples based on IAQ
investigation.
Spore traps and surface samples
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Materials & Methods
12 homes sampled in NJ & PA.
3 endotoxin samples collected in each
dwelling
Kitchen floor, Sofa, Living Room floor, Bedroom
floor, Bedroom bed, basement.
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Materials & Methods
Specifications:
0.45m Polycarbonate Filter
37mm Styrene Housing
Sterilized by Irradiation
Endotoxin Free
Sift dust through 350 micron sieve
Kinetic Chromogenic Limulus
amoebocyte lysate (LAL) assay (EU
endotoxin units)
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Horseshoe Crab Harvest
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Blood Collection
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Results
Surface sample:
9 out of 12 homes had visible mould
growth inside (Aspergillus, Chaetomium,
Penicillium, and Stachybotrys)
Spore traps:
8 out of 12 had > indoor spore counts vs
outdoors
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Results
Endotoxin:
Mouldy: 0.1-263.6 EU/mg dust
Non-Mouldy: 0.5-38.5 EU/mg dust
Published range is 11-100 EU/mg dust
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ResultsComparison of Endotoxin Levels in Dust in Mouldy and Non-
mouldy Homes
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Mouldy Non-mouldy
Type of Home
Endoto
xinValues(EUper
mg
dust)
Geo Mean
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Results
Relationship Between Dust Endotoxin Levels
and Mould Spore Counts
y = -26.646x + 6641.3
R2
= 0.0398
-5000
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Endotoxin Levels in Household Dust (EU/mg)
MaximumT
otalSpores
(counts/m3)
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Conclusions
Mouldiness in homes was not a good predictor
of endotoxin levels.
Similar conclusion in published studies
comparing endotoxin in air with mouldiness.
Suspicion of GNB contamination requires
directed endotoxin testing.
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Endotoxin Predictors in Literature
Positively correlated with presence of a
dog or past presence of a dog.
Positively correlated with useof a cool-mist humidifier
Negatively correlated with use
of a dehumidifier.
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Acknowledgements
Marc Leftwich and Bob Woodward at AMT
Mold Testing in PA.
EMSLs clients for participation.
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Contact Information
Jason Dobranic, Ph.D.
EMSL Analytical, Inc.
107 Haddon Ave. Westmont, NJ 08108
Tel: 800-220-3675
Email: [email protected]