Animal Animal BehavioBehavio

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•Behavior – anything an organism does in response to a stimulus in its environment.Behaviors develop through interactions between genes and environmental inputs.

Behavior is ADAPTIVE –

adapting allows animals to survive!!!

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Types of behaviors 1.Innate

Behavior • includes both

automatic responses and instinctive behaviors

2.Learned Behavior

– a result of previous experiences

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Innate Behavior• Reflexes

– automatic responses that require no thinking at all.

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Instincts1. Aggression

– To fend off predators and competitors– To protect young and to protect food

sources

2. Submission– Shown by the weaker animal

3. Courtship– Finding a mate.

4. Territoriality– Animals that have territories

will defend their space

Innate Behavior 5

• Instincts5. behavioral

cycles a) circadian rhythm – occur in daily patterns• External cues. • Important in determining the sleeping and feeding

patterns of all animals.

Innate Behavior 6

b) Migration – periodic movement from one place to another- Geographical clues- Earth’s magnetic field.- Can be triggered by hormones

Innate Behavior

Behavioral cycles

Salmon Migration

Monarch Migration

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c) Hibernation – dormancy during winter– Reduce their need for

energy– Can be caused by

temperature change and day length change

Innate BehaviorBehavioral cycles

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d) Estivation –dormancy during summer. -takes place during times of heat and

dryness

Innate BehaviorBehavioral cycles

Desert TortoiseNile Crocodile

also known as "summer sleep"

Snails in S.

Australia

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Learned Behavior•These behaviors are acquired or learned over time.

•Organisms can alter their behaviors as a result of experience.

•Allows animals to adapt.

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• Habituation – organism decreases or stops its response to a repetitive stimulus that neither rewards nor harms the animal

Learned BehaviorBy ignoring the

stimulus, animals can spend their time & energy more efficiently.

When prairie dog towns are located near trails used by humans, giving alarm calls every time a person walks by is a waste of time and energy for the group.

Deer have learned to come into yards to feed with no fear of people or barking dogs.

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Behaviors that involve both innate and learned behaviors - -

• Imprinting – animal returns to the place of its birth

to lay its eggs– animal imprints on its mother

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Imprinting

•An animal imprints on its mother

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Adaptations for Defense

• Mechanical defenseMechanical defense is incorporated into the physical structure of the organism.– claws, sharp tusks, stingers, shells, ink, size

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Mechanical defenseMechanical defensecamouflage.camouflage.

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• Chemical Chemical defensedefense occurs when the animal produces stinging sensations, paralysis, neurotoxins, poisoning, or just a bad taste.

Blue Arrow frogs Lion Fish

Monarch on Milkweed

Bombardier beetles

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BehaviorBehavior•An animal’s response to a stimulus.

•Innate behaviorsInnate behaviors are instinctive, like birds defending their nesting place, and are influenced by genes.

•territorial behaviors, organisms defend an area and keep out other organisms.

•Learned behaviorsLearned behaviors are changed by various experiences, such as training a family pet to come when its name is called.

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