unit 9 chapter 33 animal behavior. what is behavior? behavior: a response to a stimulus stimulus: an...
TRANSCRIPT
What is Behavior? Behavior:
A response to a stimulus Stimulus:
An environmental change that directly influences the activity of an organism
Importance: Behavior is an adaptive value to the
organism, because natural selection favors certain behaviors
Inherited behavior Reflex
A simple response involving no conscious control
Usually acts to protect the organism from harm
Inherited behavior
Fight or flight response An automatic response controlled by
hormones that mobilizes the body for greater activity in an emergency
Inherited behavior
Instinct A complex pattern of innate behavior
that begins with the recognition of a stimulus and continues until all parts have been performed
Inherited behavior Courtship behavior
a type of instinctive behavior between the male & female that ensures reproduction
Inherited behavior
Territory A physical space an
animal defends against another member of its species
Reduces competition among members of the same species
Inherited behavior
Aggressive behavior Used to intimidate
another animal of the same species, delivers the message to keep away
Ex: bird’s songs, teeth baring, growling
Inherited behavior Dominance hierarchy
A form of social ranking in a group in which some individuals are more subordinate
Usually has one top-ranking individual, who may lead others to food, shelter, etc
Inherited behavior
Circadian rhythm Light-regulated behavior, based on
24-hour cycle of the day May determine when an animal
sleeps and wakes
Inherited behavior
Migration The instinctive,
seasonal movement of animals
Response may be to both temperature change and hormones
Inherited behavior
Hibernation
A state in which the body temperature drops, oxygen consumption decreases, and breathing rates decline
Purpose is to conserve energy (the “summer” version is called
estivation)
What is learned behavior?
Learned behavior: Occurs when the behavior changes through
practice or experience Has survival value because it allows the
animal to adapt to change in its environment
Kinds of Learned Behavior
Habituation Occurs when an
animal is repeatedly given a stimulus not associated with any punishment or reward
An animal becomes habituated when it finally ceases to respond to the stimulus
Kinds of Learned Behavior
Imprinting When an animal
forms a social attachment to another animal or object
Usually occurs early in life and allows the animal to recognize its mother and others of its species
Konrad Lorenz & “friends”
Kinds of Learned Behavior
Trial & error learning When an animal gets a reward for
making a particular response (an animal tries one
solution and then another in the course of obtaining the reward)
Kinds of Learned Behavior
Classical conditioning Learning by
association (may be
associated to a reward, punishment, or other motivation)
Kinds of Learned Behavior
Insight Learning in which the
animal uses previous experience to respond to a new situation
Kinds of Learned Behavior
Communication An exchange of information that
results in a change of behavior They may signal each other by sound,
sights, touches or smells
Ants following a “pheromone” trail
Bee dance communicatingdistance & direction of food source
The whale’s song