android learning, market share, versions, oha

8/12/2019 Android learning, market share, versions, OHA

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Learning

ANDROID

Programming


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What is Android ?

As per Google:Android is a software stack for mobile devicesthat includes an operating system , middleware

and key applications .


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The Android Architecture


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Why Is Android So Popular?

There are 6 reasons behind it:

1. OpenSource

(http://source.android.com/source) 2. Robustness3. Googles Support 4. Hardware Performance Boost5. Reduced Fragmentation6. Above all. . .Its FREE!


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History Of Android Android, Inc . was founded in California ,

United States in October, 2003 by Andy Rubinto develop smarter mobile devices.

On August , 2005 GOOGLE acquired AndroidInc. making Android Inc. a wholly ownedsubsidiary of Google Inc. and made Andy, CTOof its mobile operations


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Andy Rubins (Senior V.P.,Google)


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History Of Android At Google, the team led by Rubin developed a mobile

device platform powered by the Linux kernel In 2007, the Open Handset Alliance a consortium of

several companies which included Google, HTC,Intel ,LG,Motorola , Samsung, T-Mobile etc wasannounced.

The goal of the Open Handset Alliance is to developopen standards for mobile devices.

In 2008 , 14 new members joined, including SonyEricsson, Toshiba Corp, and Vodafone Group.

As of today OHA is group of 86 companies.


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Andy Rubins now replaced by SundarPichai (an IITian) as Android chief


11/37Versions Of Android

Platform Codename Android 1.5 CupCake

Android 1.6 Donut

Android 2.1 Eclair

Android 2.2 Froyo



Platform Codename

Android 2.3.0To Gingerbread

Android 2.3.7

Android 3.0

To HoneyCombAndroid 3.2

Android 4.0To Ice Cream Sandwich

Android 4.0.3

Android 4.1/4.2 Jelly Bean


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OperatingSystem

1Q13Shipment

Volume

1Q13MarketShare

1Q12Shipment

Volume

1Q12MarketShare

Year overYear Change

Android 162.1 75.0% 90.3 59.1% 79.5%iOS 37.4 17.3% 35.1 23.0% 6.6%Windows Phone 7.0 3.2% 3.0 2.0% 133.3%BlackBerry OS 6.3 2.9% 9.7 6.4% -35.1%Linux 2.1 1.0% 3.6 2.4% -41.7%Symbian 1.2 0.6% 10.4 6.8% -88.5%Others 0.1 0.0% 0.6 0.4% -83.3%

Total 216.2 100.0% 152.7 100.0% 41.6%

Top Five Smartphone Operating Systems, Shipments, and Market Share,1Q 2013 (Units in Millions)


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The Android Mascot


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Android Devices Android devices come in all shapes and sizes.The Android OS can be seen powering thefollowing types of devices:

Smartphones Tablets E-reader devices

Netbooks MP4 players Internet TVs


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What is Android Market ?

Android Market(now called Google Play) isan online software store developed

by Google for devices runningthe Android operating system. It can beaccessed via an application program called"Market ", preinstalled on most Android

devices, which allows users to browse anddownload mobile apps published by third-party developers.


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Monetary Benefits Developers may sell applications on the

Android Market Application developers receive 70% of the

application price The remaining 30% is distributed among

carriers and payment processors. Google itself does not take a percentage.


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Linux Kernel Android is built on the Linux kernel, but Android is not Linux Provide core system services such as process, memory, power

management, network stack, driver model and security Does not include the full set of standard Linux utilities The Android kernel source is available today

http://git.android.com


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Native Libraries Bionic Libc Function Libraries Other Libraries


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Bionic Libc C/C++ library(BSD License)

Custom libc implementation, optimized for embedded use.

Small size and fast code paths

Designed for CPUs at relatively low clock frequencies


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Function Libraries

WebKit Based on open source WebKit browser Full CSS, Javascript, DOM, AJAX support

Media Framework

Based on PacketVideo OpenCORE platform Supports standard video, audio, still-frame formats

SOLite Light-weight transactional data store Back end for most platform data storage


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Android Runtime

Application Developed language : Java Dalvik Virtual Machine

Instruction set : Dalvik Excutable Java Standard Library

Compile java code to Dalvik Executable (dex format)


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Application Framework

Written in JAVA programming language Activity manager

Manage the life cycle of applications Content Provider

Share data between applications Resource Manager

Manager non-code resource Notification Manager

Display custom alerts in the status bar


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Applications

Use the powerful and flexible application framework todevelop your application Written in JAVA programming language


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Android Architecture

Ex lained

The architectural diagram shows that the Androidplatform can be broken down into 4 sections:

Operating system Middleware libraries Application framework

Applications


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Architecture Details Operating System : At the very bottom of the

Android stack is the operating system. Android'sOS is Linux based and performs tasks similar to a

desktop computer OS. This includes:1.Interfacing with the hardware through a set ofdevice drivers (such as audio or video drivers)2. processing user input3.managing application processes, handling file andnetwork I/O, and so forth


31/37Architecture Details

Middleware Libraries : The middlewareincludes libraries for many functions ( datastorage, graphics rendering, web browsing,and so on ) and it also contains a special sub-section called the Dalvik runtime.

This is Android's special non standardJavaVirtual Machine (JVM) and its core Javaapplication libraries


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Architecture Details Application Framework : A framework,

as we know is a set of basic tools which help adeveloper to build more complex tools. Thedevelopers can access all framework APIs andmanage phones basic functions like resourceallocation, switching between processes orprograms, telephone applications, andkeeping track of the phones physical location.


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Architecture Details Applications : There are 4 different types of

applications available on most Androiddevices:

core open source applications that are included as partof Android itself, such as the Browser, Camera, Gallery,Music,Phone

proprietary Google apps that are not open sourcewhich are included with most official builds, including: Market, Gmail, Maps, YouTube and more


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Architecture Details

handset manufacturer specific applications that are includedon specific builds ( such as AT&Ts own music player, Verizon'sown Navigator, or Sprint's TV )

third party applications that are available in the AndroidMarket


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Android Development Process

..java files

.class files

.dex

(Dalvikexecutables )

XMLfile,Image

files

.apk file(Androidpackage)

javacompiler

dxtool

aap(androidasset

packaging)tool


36/37Android Dev Process

Android applications are primary written in theJava programming language.

The Java source files are converted to Java class files by the Java compiler .

Android provides a tool dx which converts Javaclass files into a dex (Dalvik Executable) file. Allclass files of one application are placed in onecompressed .dex file.


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Android Development

The .dex file and the resources of an Androidproject, e.g. the images and XML files arepacked into an . apk(Android Package) file.

The resulting .apk file contains all necessarydata to run the Android application and can bedeployed to an Android device

android learning, market share, versions, oha

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