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Department of Information Technology

M.AbdulRehman Qayyum

Roll# BSIT-14-43

Course Title: I.C.T

Course Instructor: Dr.Maruf Pasha

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Android

Operating Systems & Versions

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Introduction

What is Android(OS)?• A software platform and operating system for mobile.• Based on the Linux Kernel.• Designed primarily for touchscreen mobile

devices such as smartphones and tablets.• Direct Manipulation using touch inputs e.g

swiping,tapping,pinching and reverse pinching.

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History of Android

• Android, Inc. was founded in Palo Alto, California in October 2003.

• Android was developed by Andy Rubin,Rich Miner,Nick Sears and chris white.

• Financially backed by Google.• Android was purchased by the Google in

Jully 2005 for 50 millions $.

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Open Handset Alliance (OHA)

What is OHA?

• The Open Handset Alliance (OHA) is a consortium of 84 firms to develop open standards for mobile devices.

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• The OHA was established on 5 November 2007, led by Google with 34 members, including mobile handset makers, application developers, some mobile carriers and chip makers.

• This group of companies are allowed to use source code of Android and develop application.

• Reason for Nokia not to develop Android Mobiles is Nokia is not part of OHA.

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• Member firms include Google, HTC, Sony, Dell, Intel, Motorola, Qualcomm, Texas Instruments, Samsung Electronics, LG Electronics, T-Mobile,Sprint Corporation, Nvidia, and Wind River Systems.

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Android Versions

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• The first commercial version, Android 1.0, was released in September 2008.

• Android versions have been developed under a confectionery-themed code name and released in alphabetical order, beginning with Android 1.5 "Cupcake"; the earlier versions 1.0 and 1.1 were not released under specific code names:

• Apple pie (1.0)• Banana Bread (1.1)

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• Cupcake (1.5)• Donut (1.6)• Eclair (2.0–2.1)• Froyo (2.2–2.2.3)• Gingerbread (2.3–2.3.7)• Honeycomb (3.0–3.2.6)• Ice Cream Sandwich (4.0–4.0.4)• Jelly Bean (4.1–4.3.1)• KitKat (4.4–4.4.4, 4.4W–4.4W.2)• Lollipop (5.0–5.1.1)• Marshmallow (6.0–6.0.1)

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Cupcake (1.5)

• Released on April 30,2009.• camcorder support to record and watch

videos.• Ability to uploads images & videos on

youtube etc.• Added auto-rotation option.• copy&paste features added in the web

browser.• support virtual keyboard with text

prediction.

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Donut (1.6)

• Released on september 15,2009.• voice search & search box were added.• Text to speach engine.• Ability for users to select multiple photos

for deletion.• Multi touch gesture support.

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Eclair (2.0-2.1)

• Released on october26,2009.• Improved typing speed on virtual keyboard

with smarter dictionary.• More camera improvement including

Flash,Digital Zoom & Macro Focus.• Ability to tap a contact photo and select

call,sms or email the person.

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Froyo (2.2-2.2.3)

• Released on May20,2010.• camera control improvements with more

on screen buttons.• speed,memory and performance

optimization.• no internet calling.

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Gingerbread (2.3-2.3.7)

• Released on December 6,2010.• internet calling.• new keyboard for faster woord input.• one touch word selection and copy/paste.• More successful version of Android than

previous versions.• Multi camera support (i.e front & rear).• not support for multi core processor.

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Honeycomb (3.0-3.2.6)

• Released on February 22,2011.• support multi core processor.• This version of Android is only available for

Tablets.• Ability to encrypt all user data.• expended recent apps list.• support joystick and gamespad.• Ability to view albums and other collections in full

screen mode in gallery, with easy access to thumbnail for other photos.

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Icecream Sanwich (4.0-4.0.4)

• Released in November 14,2011.• Ability to shutdown apps that are using

data in the background.• Lock screen action.• Face unlock, a feature that allows user to

unlock handset using facial recoginization software.

• Built in photo editor.• Resizable widgets.• 1080p video recording.

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Jelly Bean (4.3.1)

• Released on June 27,2012.• photo sphere to take 360 degree images.• Built in keyboard gesture typing.• Dial pad auto complete.

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KitKat (4.4–4.4.4,)

• Released on october31,2013.• enhanced notification access.• security enhancement.• wifi and the mobile activity indicators are

moved to quick settings.

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Lollipop (5.0–5.1.1)

• Released on october 17,2014.• Bettery consumption improvement.• Speed improvement.• Multiple SIM cards support.• Quick settings shortcuts to join Wi-Fi

networks or control Bluetooth devices.• High Definition voice call.

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Marshmallow (6.0–6.0.1)

• Released on october 5,2015.• USB Type-C support.• Fingerprint Authentication support.• Better battery life with "deep sleep".• Permissions dashboard.

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Android Devices

• phones• tablets• watches• tv• auto