android and its scope

8/3/2019 Android and Its Scope

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SUBMITTED UNDER

SHRI SHRIDHAR JOSHI

SHRI K.N. HOSUR

SUBMITTED BY

NAYAN N KULKARNI 2SD07EC051

VIII SEM ECE

1DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SDMCET


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Introduction

Birth of Android

Features

Version history Detailed description

Operation

Architecture

Developing application

Security issues What makes Android special

Advantages and disadvantages

Conclusions and future scope

References



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Android is a software stack for mobile devices that includes an operating system

middleware and key applications.

THE BIRTH OFANDROID

Android.INC was a small company which was acquired by Google in July 2005.

During November 2007 Open Handset Alliance(OHA) was founded.



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Application framework

Dalvik virtual machine

Integrated browser

Optimized graphics

SQLite

Handset layouts

Data storage

connectivity

Messaging

Web browser

Java virtual machine

Media support

Additional hardware

support

Development environment



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Android has seen many updates since original release.

These updates are to fix bugs and add new features.

Most recent versions

2.0/2.1 - Eclair

2.2 - Froyo

2 .3 - Gingerbread

3.0 - Honeycomb



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Operation

Android runtime

Core libraries provide functionalities.

It depends on linux kernel for functionalities such as threadind and memory

management.

Linux kernel

linux 2.6 version is used.

Memory management,security,network stack etc.



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Android applications are collection of components of various kind.

These components all run in the same systemprocess.

Itspossible to create separate threads for the process

Itspossible to create a separate child process.

The major application building blocks are

Activity

Intent receiver

Service

Contentprovider



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AndroidManifest.xml

The control file that tells what to do with the top level components(the four listed

inprevious slide).

Developer shouldpredefine which he wants to use in the specific .xml file.



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Application lifestyle

Every application runs its own process.

Not using the componentsproperly can result in the system killing theapplicationprocess while it is doing important work.

To determine which process to be killed when low on memory importance

hierarchy based on the components running in them and the state of those

components.



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Process types

Foregroundprocess

A process is considered to be foreground if

Running an activity on top of the screen that the user is interacting with.

Has a broadcast receiver that is currently running.

Has service that is currenlty executing code in one of its callbacks.

Aprocess is killed only if there is no memory even to continue with the

basic processes.



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Visibleprocess

Serviceprocess

Backgroundprocess

Emptyprocess



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Application framework

A rich and extensible set of Views that can be used to build an application,

including lists, grids, text boxes, buttons, and even an embeddable web browser

Content Providers that enable applications to access data from other

applications

A Resource Manager, providing access to non-code resources such as localized

strings, graphics, and layout files

A Notification Manager that enables all applications to display custom alerts in

the status bar

An Activity Manager that manages the life cycle of applications and provides a

common navigation backstack 14DEPT. OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING SDMCET


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Library

C/C++ libraries

System C library

Media libraries

Surface manager(2D/3D graphic layer management)

Libwebcore

3D libraries.

SQLite



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Security issues

More secure than Apples iphone.

Several solutions to protect google phone from various attacks.

Linux coding is secure.

Open source platform is disadvantageous as it is open for hackers.

Anti-virus, anti-spam, firewall.

GPS hacking.

Though android is secure compared to others but it is not completely free from

such attacks.



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Manufacturers war

Googlesmain competitors are nokia , microsoft and apple.

They do not consider android as a serious rival or threat to their businessstratergies.

Market research

huge leap for mobile advertisement business.

Android is going to present new solutions through the fast search engines,open

search applications and other services.

20% ofpeople in the world are interested in buying a google androidphone

even though this is just a new trend in the market.



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There are many mobileplatforms today like blackberry , symbian , linux mobile etc in

competition with android.

But some of the android features makes it special they are

A truly open , free developmentplatform based on linux and open source.

A component based architecture inspired by internet mash-ups.

Can update with new versions.

Built in services like GPS , browser and map views.

Optimized for low-power , low memory devices in a fundamental way that no

previousplatform has attempted.



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High quality graphics and sound, smooth anti-aliased 2D vector graphics and

animation inspired by flash with 3D.

Codecs for most common industry audio and video.

Support for variety of input methods such as keyboard, touch, tilt, camera , voice

and trackball.



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Advantages

Open - Android allows you to access core mobile device functionality through

standard API calls.

All applications are equal - Android does not differentiate between the phone's

basic and third-party applications -- even the dialer or home screen can be

replaced.

Breaking down boundaries

-

Combine information from the web with data onthephone -- such as contacts or geographic location -- to create new user

experiences.

Fast and easy development



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Disadvantages

Security - Making source code available to everyone inevitably invites the

attention of black hat hackers.

Open Source - A disadvantage of open-source development is that anyone

can scrutinize the source code to find vulnerabilities and write exploits.

Login - Platform doesn't run on an encrypted file system and has a

vulnerable log-in.

Incompetence - Googles dependence on hardware and carrier partners

puts the final product out of their control.



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Android has been criticized for not being all open-source

Google android is stepping into the next level of mobile internet.

Many upcoming mobiles have android as there OS.

User friendly

May be even goto an extent that even PC will have the same



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http://www.android.com - Android Official Webpage

http://code.google.com/android/ - Official Android Google Code Webpage

http://www.openhandsetalliance.com/ - Open Handset Alliance Webpage

http://www.androidwiki.com Android Wiki

http://googleblog.blogspot.com/ - Official Google Blog

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_(mobile_phone_platform)Wikipedia

Information

http://www.scribd.com/Android - scribd webpage

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WebKit

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eclipse_(software)

http://www.itworld.com/google-android-dr-080213


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