nubia, kush, meroe

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Empires of Egypt & Nubia Collide

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Page 1: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

Empires of Egypt & Nubia Collide

Page 2: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

What do you think?

Add to your notes: Egypt both invaded other lands and was invaded. What conditions, if any, might justify an invasion on another country? (3-4 sentences)

Page 3: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

Main Idea:

2 Empires along the Nile, Egypt and Nubia, forged commercial, cultural, and political connections

THEMES: Invaders, cultures collide, what a leader focuses on

Why it matters now?

Neighboring civilizations participate in cultural exchange as well as conflict

Page 4: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

Setting the Stage

Egypt grew (during Middle Kingdom) by trade with Mesopotamia and the Indus Valley

600 miles south a new civilization was emerging- region of Nubia

Page 5: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

New Kingdom of Egypt After Middle Kingdom success,

succession of weak pharaohs weaken Egypt

Invaders, Hyksos invaded and ruled Egypt

Loss in confidence of geographical protection

Finally a series of warlike pharaohs and queens strengthened Egypt and kicked the Hyksos out= NEW KINGDOM BEGUN

Page 6: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

Empire Builders

New weapons: bronze weapons, 2-wheeled chariots

Red & White Crown= symbols of royalty

Blue Crown= war crown, battle helmet

Page 7: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

Hatshepsut

Declared herself pharaoh

Took over because her stepson was too young to take the throne

She encouraged trade rather than war

Page 8: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

What do you think?

Add to your notes: Why would a ruler encourage trade rather than making war?

Page 9: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

Thutmose III Hatshepsut’s stepson

More warlike, may have even killed his stepmom in eagerness to get the throne

Conquered areas of Nubia, returning with gold, cattle, ivory, and many enslaved captives

Egypt has never been as strong as it was during the New Kingdom

Page 10: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

Hittites

When Egyptians conquered parts of Syria and Palestine they ran into conflict with the Hittites who had also expanded into that area

Many battles

Battle of Kadesh: major battle between Hittites and Egyptians (Ramses II), ended with a treaty that formed an alliance that lasted for the rest of the century

Page 11: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

Age of Builders

Huge builders in order to secure their state in the afterlife

Valley of Kings

Pharaoh means “great house”

Ramses II: one of the greatest builders, lived to age 99 and had 150 children

After Ramses death, a series of invasions occurred

Page 12: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

Invasions by Land & Sea

Both the Egyptians and Hittites were attacked by “the people of the sea”

May have been the Philistines from the Bible

From the east came the Palestinians

From the west came the Libyans

Page 13: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

Kushites

Egypt dominated Nubia and the Nubian kingdom of Kush

As Egypt fell in power, Kush emerged and established its own Kushite dynasty

Page 14: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

People of Nubia

The Nile River provided the best north-south trade route

Kush linked Egypt and the Mediterranean world and southern Africa

Kerma= first Nubian kingdom

Kerma’s kings were buried in chambers larger than those in any Egyptian pyramid

Kerma prospered during Egypt’s Hyksos period

Page 15: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

Interaction of Egypt & Nubia

For a long period, Egypt ruled Kush

Kush capital became the center for the spread of Egyptian culture to Kush’s other African trading partners

Kush leaders adopted Egyptian languages, gods, customs, clothing, rituals, writing, architecture…

When Egypt decline, Kushites saw themselves as the guardians of Egyptian value

Page 16: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

Piankhi Captures Egyptian Throne

Piankhi= Kushite king, overthrew the Libyan dynasty that ruled Egypt and united the entire Nile Valley, set up new dynasty and “restored” Egypt’s glory

Assyrians came and conquered Kushites and they were forced south up the Nile

Despite their loss of Egypt they experienced a golden age

Page 17: Nubia, Kush, Meroe

Meroe

Kushite royal family moved south to Meroe

Meroe enjoyed rainfall, iron ore, and manufactured iron weapons and tools

Trade along the Red Sea to Arabia and India

Declined to the rise of the Aksum Kingdom, while Egypt was ruled by the Assyrians