anatomy & physiology lecture notes - ch. 3 cells - part 2
DESCRIPTION
website: http://www.am-medicine.com Facebook page : https://www.facebook.com/pages/Am-medicine/207726329406832 Facebook group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/1409138472653811/TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
1. Name the three basic parts of a cell and describe the functions of each.
2. Why do phospholipids organize into a bilayer – tail-to-tail – in a watery environment?
![Page 2: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Hypertonic, isotonic, or hypotonic?1. What type of fluid might be infused into
the bloodstream of a patient who needs fluid drawn out from swollen tissues?
2. What type of fluid might be used (carefully) to rehydrate the tissues of extremely dehydrated patients?
3. In a U-tube separated by a selectively permeable membrane, there is .2 M glucose in Side A, and .4 M glucose in Side B. Side A is ____ compared to Side B, and Side B is ____ compared to Side A.
4. If the membrane in #3 is only permeable to water, what will happen?
![Page 3: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Part 2: Membrane Transport
![Page 4: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
![Page 5: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Interstitial fluidInterstitial fluid: Fluid outside cells Rich, nutritious “soup” – amino acids,
sugars, fatty acids, vitamins, hormones, salts, wastes
Selective PermeabilitySelective Permeability: Plasma membrane only allows some
substances to enter cell Nutrients in, wastes out By passivepassive or activeactive transport
![Page 6: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
No energy (ATP) needed Molecules move down concentration down concentration
gradientgradient from HIGH LOW concentration
Types: diffusion, filtration
![Page 7: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Nonpolar & lipid-soluble Nonpolar & lipid-soluble substancessubstances diffuse directly through lipid bilayer
Eg. O2, CO2, fat-soluble vitamins
![Page 8: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Transport proteins Transport proteins (carrier or channel proteins) assist molecules across membrane
Eg. glucose, amino acids, H2O, ions
![Page 9: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Water-filled channels Eg. ions
![Page 10: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Binds to molecule, changes shape, ferries it across membrane
Eg. glucose transporter
![Page 11: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Diffusion of H2O Aquaporins: Aquaporins: channel proteins for H2O
passage
![Page 12: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
![Page 14: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Ability of solution to change shape or tone of cells by changing water volume
IsotonicIsotonic = equal concentration solutes HypertonicHypertonic = higher conc. of solutes HypotonicHypotonic = lower conc. of solutes
![Page 15: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
![Page 17: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Energy (ATP) is needed!! Move molecules against concentration against concentration
gradientgradient from LOW HIGH concentration
Types: Primary and Secondary
![Page 18: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Directly uses ATPATP to drive transport
Eg. Ca2+ pump, H+ pump, Na+-K+ pump
![Page 19: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Sodium-Potassium PumpSodium-Potassium Pump
![Page 20: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Move more than 1 substance at a time SymportSymport: 2 substances moved in same direction AntiportAntiport: 2 substances cross in opposite
directions Eg. cotransport of sugars, animo acids, ions
![Page 21: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
![Page 22: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fluid & large particles transported across membranes in vesiclesvesicles (sacs)
ExocytosisExocytosis: “out of cell” – eject substances
EndocytosisEndocytosis: “within the cell”- ingest substances
![Page 23: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
PhagocytosisPhagocytosis: (cell eating) – engulf large or solid materialeg. WBC engulf
bacteria
![Page 24: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
PinocytosisPinocytosis: (cell drinking) – fluid w/dissolved moleculesEg. intestinal
cells
![Page 25: Anatomy & Physiology Lecture Notes - Ch. 3 cells - part 2](https://reader036.vdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022081511/558e52801a28ab570a8b4644/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Receptor-Receptor-mediated mediated endocytosisendocytosis: concentrate specific substances (ligandsligands) that bind to receptor receptor proteinsproteinsEg. insulin, iron,
cholesterol