anatomy foot and ankle. resources: getbodysmart.com
TRANSCRIPT
A N AT O M Y
FOOT AND ANKLE
BONES
• The foot is made up of 26 bones• The lower leg is comprised of 2 bones• Forming the foot and ankle mortise of 28 bones
BONES OF THE FOOT
MUSCLES
• There are 19 muscles and tendons (tendon attaches muscle to bone)• muscles acting on the foot can be classified into
extrinsic muscles, those originating on the anterior or posterior aspect of the lower leg, and intrinsic muscles, originating on the dorsal (top) or plantar (base) aspects of the foot.
ANTERIOR COMPARTMENT
Muscle Origin Insertion Action
tibialis anteriorshaft of tibia and interosseous membrane
medial cuneiform & base of first metatarsal
extends the foot; inverts foot; supports medial longitudinal arch
extensor digitorumshaft of fibula and interosseous membrane
extensor expansion of lateral four toes
extends toes; dorsiflexes (extends) foot
extensor hallucis longus
shaft of fibula & interosseous membrane
base of distal phalanx of big toe
extends big toe; dorsiflexes (extends) foot; inverts foot at subtalar and transverse tarsal joints
LATERAL COMPARTMENT
peroneus longusshaft
of fibula
base of 1st MT & medial
cuneiform
plantar flexes foot; everts foot at subtalar & transverse tarsal
joints; supports lateral longitudinal and transverse
arches of foot
peroneus brevis shaft of fibula
base of 5th metatarsal
bone
plantar flexes foot; everts foot at subtalar & transverse tarsal joints; supports lateral longitudinal arch
POSTERIOR COMPARTMENT
gastrocnemiusmedial and lateral condyles of femur
by way of Achilles tendon to calcaneum
plantar flexes foot; flexes leg
plantarislateral supracondylar ridge of femur
calcaneum plantar flexes foot; flexes leg
soleusshafts of tibia and fibula
by way of achilles tendon into calcaneum
with gastrocnemius & plantaris is powerful plantar flexor of foot; provides main propulsive force in walking & running
popliteuslateral condyle of femur
shaft of tibiaflexes leg; unlocks full extension of knee by laterally rotating femur on tibia
flexor digitorum longus
shaft of tibiadistal phalanges of lateral four toes
flexes distal phalanges of lateral four toes; plantar flexes foot; supports medial and lateral longitudinal arches of foot
flexor hallucis longus
shaft of fibulabase of distal phalanx of big toe
flexes distal phalanx of big toe; plantar flexes foot; supports medial longitudinal arch
DORSUM OF FOOT
extensor digitorum brevis
calcaneum
by four tendons into the proximal phalanx of big toe and long extensor tendons to 2nd, 3rd and 4th toes
extends toes
1ST LAYER OF SOLE
abductor hallucismedial tubercle of calcaneum; flexor retinaculum
medial side, base of proximal phalanx of big toe
flexes, abducts big toe; supports medial arch
flexor digitorum brevismedial tubercle of calcaneum
middle phalanx of four lateral toes
flexes lateral four toes; supports medial & lateral longitudinal arches
abductor digiti minimimedial & lateral tubercles of calcaneum
lateral side base of proximal phalanx 5th toe
flexes, abducts 5th toe; supports lateral longitudinal arch
MUSCLES OF LOWER LEG
MUSCLES OF FOOT
LIGAMENTS
• The lateral and medial ligaments of the ankle support and strengthen the joint.• The deltoid ligament is stronger than the lateral
ligaments. The strength of the deltoid prevents most eversions.
PRIMARY
Primary ligaments of ankle include:• medial• Deltoid ligament - This strong ligament attaches to the
medial malleolus. It has four parts named for the bones that they attach to: the tibionavicular, the tibiocalcaneal, the anterior tibiotalar, and the posterior tibiotalar
• Calcaneonavicular ligament (Spring Ligament)
• lateral• Syndesmosis (includes AITFL, PITFL, TTFL, IOL, ITL)• Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)• Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)• Calcaneal fibular ligament (CFL)• Lateral talocalcaneal ligament (LTCL)
• If you’ve ever sprained an ankle, you injured one or more of the ligaments that hold the joint together. The lateral ligaments are damaged more often than the stronger medial ligament.
LATERAL VIEW
MEDIAL VIEW
SIMPLIFIED VIEW (LATERAL)
ARCHES OF THE FOOT
MEDIAL/LATERAL
MEDIAL/LATERAL
• Medial arch is higher than the lateral longitudinal arch. It is made up by the calcaneus, the talus, the navicular, the three cuneiforms, and the first, second, and third metatarsals
• The lateral arch is composed of the calcaneus, the cuboid, and the fourth and fifth metatarsals
ON A PERSON
PROBLEM WITH ARCHES
LOWER LEG
PUTTING IT ALL TOGETHER
IN CLASS..
• Begin Body Diagram…• Draw foot bones• Draw lateral and medial ligaments
HOMEWORK
• Color worksheet pages