ch. 17 foot, ankle, and lower leg. objectives describe the anatomy of the foot and ankle. cite...
TRANSCRIPT
Ch. 17 Foot, Ankle, and Lower Leg
Objectives
• Describe the anatomy of the foot and ankle. • Cite primary extrinsic and intrinsic muscles
of the lower leg. • Explain the common injuries and condition
affecting the foot, ankle, and lower leg. • Describe medical tibial stress syndrome
and its treatment.
Anatomy
• 28 bones in each foot • 7 tarsals• 5 metatarsals• 14 phalanges• 2 Sesmoids
• 38 joints
Anatomy
• Tarsals• Talus• Calcaneus• Navicular• Cuboid• 1st Cuneiform• 2nd Cuneiform• 3rd Cuneiform
Arches
• Medial Longitudinal Arch• Calcaneus• Talus• Navicular• Cuneiforms• First 3 metatarsals
• Highest and most important
Arches
• Lateral Longitudinal Arch• Calcaneus• Talus• Cuboid• 4th and 5th metatarsals
• Lower and flatter than medial side
Arches
• Transverse Arch• Cuneiforms• Cuboid• Fifth Metatarsal• Arches are
maintained by bones and ligaments
Joints
• Talocrural joint is the ankle joint• Most commonly injured
joint• Medial and lateral
malleolus• Talus is the most weight
bearing bone in body
Ligaments• Medial• Deltoid Ligament• Composed of 4
ligaments
• Lateral• Anterior Talofibular• Posterior Talofibular• Calcaneofibular
Muscles
• Intrinsic muscles: located within the foot and cause movement of the toes•Plantar flexors, dorsiflexors,
abductors, and adductors of the toes
• Extrinsic muscles: located outside the foot in the lower leg
Muscles
• Gastrocnemius: plantar flexes foot• Soleus: plantar flexes foot• Tibialis Anterior: dorsiflexes foot• Peroneus Longus: everts, plantar flexes• Peroneus Brevus: everts foot• Flexor Hallucis Longus: flexes great toe• Flexor Digitorum Longus: flexes toes