anatomy and physiology edited mj

8/6/2019 Anatomy and Physiology Edited Mj

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Anatomy and PhysiologyAnatomy and PhysiologyChapter 1


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AnatomyAnatomy

yStructureyRelationshipsyFunctions


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Types of studyTypes of study

ySystematic Anatomy

General

yRegional anatomy- use by

dentist and medicine

ySurface anatomy used by redtech


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PhysiologyPhysiologyyProcess where in a living thing

functions

yCellular

ySystemic

yHuman


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OrganizationOrganizationyChemical carbon

yOrganelle nucleus DNA

yCell-yTissue organ system-Epitehilial,connective,muscle,nnervous

yOrganism any living things


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Characteristics of lifeCharacteristics of life

yOrganization

yMetabolism

yResponsiveness

yGrowth

y

DevelopmentyReproduction


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HomeostasisHomeostasisyRelationship of fluid and

environment in order for an

organism to survive


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Negative feedbackNegative feedback

yAny deviation form the

normal is deviated or is

negated by the body in orderto obtain homeostasis.


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Positive feed backPositive feed back

yValues deviate abnormally

yPregnancy


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Fig. 1.2Fig. 1.2


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Fig. 1.3aFig. 1.3a


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Anterior Body LandmarksAnterior Body Landmarks

y Abdominal

anterior body trunk inferior to ribs

y Acromial

point of shoulder

y Antecubital

anterior surface of the elbowy Axillary

armpit


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y Brachial

arm

y Buccal

cheek area

y Carpal

wrist

y Cervical

neck region


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y Coxal

hip

y Crural

legy Digital

fingers,toes

y Femoral

thighy Fibular

lateral part of leg


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y Inguinal

area where thigh meets bodytrunk;groin

y Nasal

nose area

y Oral

mouth

y

Orbitaleye area

y Patellar

anterior knee


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y Pelvic

area overlying the pelvis anteriorly

y Pubic

genital region

y Sternalbreastbone area

y Tarsal

ankle region

y

Thoracicchest

y Umbilical

navel


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Posterior Body LandmarksPosterior Body Landmarks

y Calcaneal

heel of foot

y Cephalic

heady Deltoid

curve of shoulder formed by largedeltoid muscle

y

Femoralthigh

y Gluteal

buttock


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y Lumbar

area of the back between the hips andribs

y Occipitalposterior surface of the head

y Olecranal

posterior surface of the elbow

y Poplitealknee area


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y Sacral

area between hips

y Scapular

shoulder blade regiony Sural

the posterior surface of lower leg; thecalf

y

Vertebralarea of spine

y Plantar

sole of the foot


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DirectionalTermsDirectionalTerms


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Body Planes and SectionsBody Planes and Sections

y Section

cut

y Plane

When the section is made through the body

wall or through an organ

Made through an imaginary line


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y Saggital Section

cut made along the lengthwise or

longitudinal plane of the body, dividing

the body into right and left parts

y Midsaggital or Median section

cut made down the median plane of

the body, right and left parts are equal


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y Frontal Section or Coronal Section

a cut made along a lengthwise planethat divides a body or an organ into

anterior and posterior parts

y Transverse or Cross Section

cut made along a horizontal plane,

dividing a body or an organ intosuperior and inferior parts


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Body CavitiesBody Cavities

DORSAL Body Cavity

y Cranial Cavity

is the space inside the bony skull

y Spinal Cavity

extends from the cranial cavity nearly

to the end of the vertebral column


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VENTRAL Body Cavity

y Thoracic Cavity

separated from the rest of the ventral cavity

by the dome shaped diaphragm

contains the heart and lungs

Mediastinum (central region) separates the

lungs into right and left cavities


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y Abdominopelvic Cavity

cavity inferior to the diaphragm

Classified into:

y superior abdominal cavity

contains the stomach, liver, intestines..

y inferior pelvic cavity

contains the reproductive organs,

bladder, rectum


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Fig. 1.12Fig. 1.12


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Four Quadrants of theFour Quadrants of the

AbdominopelvicAbdominopelvic cavitycavityy Right upper quadrant

liver, gallbladder, common bile duct,pancreas and pancreatic duct, duodenum

y

Left upper quadrantstomach, spleen, transverse colon

y Right lower quadrant

ascending colon, cecum, appendix

y Left lower quadrantsmall intestine, descending colon, sigmoid colon,rectum, anus


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Nine Regions of theNine Regions of the

AbdominopelvicAbdominopelvic cavitycavityy Umbilical region

y Epigastric region

y Hypogastric region

y Right iliac regiony Left iliac region

y Right lumbar region

y Left lumbar regiony Right hypochondriac region

y Left hypochondriac region


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Fig. 1.9Fig. 1.9

anatomy and physiology edited mj

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