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Anaerobic Digestion of Algae Extraction Process Waste to Produce Biogas
PTT Research and Technology Institute
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Research Team
Vice President, Environmental Research and Management
MRS. SARINTIP VAEWHONGS
MR. PANYAMEE SACHAKAMOL
Researcher Dr. CHALERMCHAI RUANGCHAINIKOM
Vice President, Project Support and Environmental Management Dr. KANATIP RATANACHOO
Researcher
MRS. GAMGARN THUMMADETSAK Specialist
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Privatization
Resolved oil crisis
Macro Economic
Community, Sufficiency Economy
Enhance Thailand’s competitiveness in the global arena
China Japan
Korea
Philippines
Australia
Nigeria
Middle East
CrudePetroleum ProductsPetrochemical Products
CrudePetroleum ProductsPetrochemical Products
Algeria
Indonesia
Brazil
USA
India
Singapore
VietnamTaiwan
Expand investment and create value adds continuously
E&P
Gas
Refining
Petrochemical
Marketing
Trading
R&TI
Int’l Business
• S1 • Bongkot
• JDA
• Yadana • Yetagun
• Operator Bongkot • Oman • Arthit
• M9 • GSP6/ ESP
• Algeria • Australia
• P/L#1 • GSP#1
• NGV • same LPG wholesale price • GSP #2
• P/L #2
• GSP #3-4
• NGV station
expansion • P/L 3
• GSP #5
• LNG
• CHP
• supplied oil to refineries
• New service station
• established Trading unit
• Refinancing
• Introduced unleaded product
• established R&D • established RTI • Petchem & refinery lab
• Engine Lab Test
• Gasohol & Bio Diesel
• Palm • P/L -Egypt
• Coal-Indonesia
• 2nd Tier (Out-Out Trading Activities)
1978
1984
1985
1997
2001
2007-
Present
1980 1982 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2009 2010
• Go Abroad •FLNG •Oil sands
• Power
• Blue innovation
• crude oil & LPG contract
• PTT Bi-fuel ECU
PTT has been transformed from national oil and gas company to international energy company
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Reduced oil import and created value added through capitalization on domestic gas and GSP establishment
Stimulated national economic growth through petchem industry development and spearhead E&P business
Stimulated economic recovery through debt restructuring for refineries and petchem businesses
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Power
E&P (Natural gas/Oil/Condensate)
Domestic markets
C2+
Import
LPG
PTT’s own businesses
Export
Downstream Petchem
Upstream Petchem
Oil Retail Refinery
Trading
NGV/ Distribution
Invested through affiliates
Natural gas
Oil
GSP
Natural gas business (Transmission/Distribution/
CNG)
Joint-venture
Int’l Markets
PTT’s businesses structure
PTT has invested in fully integrated petroleum and petrochemical value chains
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The next big bang is therefore to build a solid foundation… TAGNOC
G: Green roadmap Growth and profits are achieved in a sustainable manner
TA: Technologically Advanced Leading-edge technology to maximize value of the business
NOC: National Oil Company ▪ Energy security ▪ National wealth ▪ Support Thailand into a
knowledge based economy
STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL FOR PLANNING PURPOSE ONLY
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PTT has solid financial performance due to business value chain optimization
2544 2545 2546 2547 2548 2549 2550 2551 2552 2553 2554 2555
21.6 24.5
37.6
85.5
62.7
95.6
51.7
97.8
59.5
83.0
105.3 104.6 Net Income (Billion THB)
PTT
81%
Affiliates
19%
PTT
PTTEP
Ref
Pet
Other
381 403 498 651
939
1,227 1,508
2,001
1,586
1,900
2,428
2,793
IPO 456 373
265 207 135
118 155 128 Fortune Global 500 Ranking
2nd year in DJSI
PTT 43% Affiliates 57%
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81 95
(พนัลา้นบาท) รายได ้Revenue
(THB Billions)
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Project Overview
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• To seeks at evaluating the applicability of Spirulina platesis biomass for biogas production purposes
• To Determines the effectiveness of biogas fermentation of algae from different sources
Objectives :
Targets :
• Aim at zero emission Scheme for Spirulina process • Initiate new path of energy production from processed waste
Objectives
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Spirulina sp.
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Spirulina sp.
Cell walls are composed of mucopolysaccharides rather than indigestible cellulose
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Spirulina Products
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Spirulina Farms around the World
Spirulina Mexicana’s Caracol in Lake Texcoco near Mexico City.
Earthrise Nutritionals in Imperial Valley California USA.
Lake harvesting, dewatering and drying spirulina in Myanmar. Courtesy of Min Thein.
Cyanotech on the Kona Coast, Hawaii
Parry Nutraceutical spirulina ponds in India
Some of the largest Chinese spirulina farms are on Hainan Island
Source: Development of a Spirulina Industry – Production, Robert Henrikson, AlgaeIndustryMagazine.com, 2011
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Spirulina Farms in Thailand
Boonsom Spirulina Farm in Chiangmai, Thailand
Boonsom Farm is a medium size (60,000m2) family-owned spirulina farm, producing finished products for the regional market in Thailand and Asian countries for the past 20 years. Boonsom Farm is promoted as an algae-tourism destination, offering a tour, samples of spirulina foods and a spirulina health spa.
Marine Spirulina Farms in Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand (SPIMAX)
The farms grow spirulina algae with salty seawater in closed chambers. Therefore, it can be guaranteed that there is no contamination from any other types of algae. They are the only farms in Thailand that grow algae with seawater, whereas other competitors use brackish or fresh water.
Sources: http://www.boonsomfarm.com http://marinespirulina.com
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•Enhance CO2 fixation efficiency
• Double Productivity
•Controlled Environment
Flat-Plate PBR Tubular PBR Air-Lift PBR
Closed Photobioreactor around the world
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Spirulina Growth Factors
Spirulina Cultivation
CO2
Strain
Nutrient
Inoculum
Rain Contamination
Agitation and Aeration
Depth of Culture
pH
Temperature
Light Intensity
Culture System
Source: http://www.rdi.ku.ac.th/kasetresearch52/01-celebrate/natpas/celebrate_00.html
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Conceptual Design
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Airlift-Tubular PBR Detailed Design
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Airlift-Tubular PBR 3D Models
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Airlift-Tubular PBR Completion
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Project Concepts
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Region & Process Net Energy
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โครงการวิจัยวิจัยลดโลกร้อน ถวายพ่อ ดว้ยสาหร่ายเกลียวทอง Greenhouse Gas Sequestration by BioCarbon Capture (BCC) to Renewable BioEnergy
โครงการวิจัยลดโลกร้อน ถวายพ่อ ด้วยสาหร่ายเกลยีวทอง Greenhouse Gas Sequestration by BioCarbon Capture (BCC) to Renewable BioEnergy
Anaerobic Digestion
Anaerobic Digestion offers a sustainable solution: BioEnergy for Electricity BioCNG, household gas Reduced environmental pollution Less energy input - Reduction of odor (Close system)
ENERGY
BIOGAS
Algae based CO2
capture field
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โครงการวิจัยวิจัยลดโลกร้อน ถวายพ่อ ดว้ยสาหร่ายเกลียวทอง Greenhouse Gas Sequestration by BioCarbon Capture (BCC) to Renewable BioEnergy
โครงการวิจัยลดโลกร้อน ถวายพ่อ ด้วยสาหร่ายเกลยีวทอง Greenhouse Gas Sequestration by BioCarbon Capture (BCC) to Renewable BioEnergy
Compound Chem %
Methane CH4 50–75
Carbon dioxide CO2 25–50
Nitrogen N2 0–10
Hydrogen H2 0–1
Hydrogen sulfide H2S 0–3
Oxygen O2 0–0
Typical Composition of Biogas
BIOGAS (CH4 60%) = 21.48 MJ/m3
Gross Calorific Value (MJ/m3)
NATURAL GAS (CH4 99%) = 36.14 MJ/m3
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โครงการวิจัยวิจัยลดโลกร้อน ถวายพ่อ ดว้ยสาหร่ายเกลียวทอง Greenhouse Gas Sequestration by BioCarbon Capture (BCC) to Renewable BioEnergy
โครงการวิจัยลดโลกร้อน ถวายพ่อ ด้วยสาหร่ายเกลยีวทอง Greenhouse Gas Sequestration by BioCarbon Capture (BCC) to Renewable BioEnergy
ANAEROBIC DEGRADATION
Algae Biomass
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Preliminary Test
BMP TEST
biochemical methane potential
YIELD of Biogas Production From Algae biomass
PRELIMINARY CALCULATION OF BIOGAS VALUE
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BMP TEST
Substrates
INNOCULUM (BACTERIA)
BIOGAS PRODUCTION
Varying F/M Ratio
0.1-1.5
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3. Process waste
2. Lipid extraction
1. Whole cell
Hexane Extraction
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3. Process waste
2. Lipid extraction
1. Whole cell
Source Preliminary test Evaluating potential substrate
Results
BMP Test Modified Basal medium - Li and Noike, 1992
Wastewater Property
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50.00
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500.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
cum
ula
tive
gas
pro
du
ctio
n (
ml)
Time (d)
Whole cell Wastewater Lipid extraction
BMP results - 3 substrates
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450.00
500.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Cu
mu
lati
ve g
as p
rod
uct
ion
(m
L)
Time (day)
with basal without basal
! COD:N:P (300:5:1)
Comparative Results (Basal & Without Basal)
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BMP Test Results-3 Substrates
Samples Whole Cell Processed waste Lipid extraction
BMP (m3 STP/kg COD added)
0.237±0.004 0.250±0.005 0.232±0.002
Highest biogas (ml/day)
14.2 14.17 15.1
Biogas (m3 STP/kg COD added)
0.352±0.005 0.379±0.008 0.376±0.004
CH4 content in biogas (%)
67 60 62
Biodegradability (%)
68 72 66
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CONCLUSION
Processed waste offer highest biogas production of 0.379 m3 STP/kg(COD added) All 3 substrates are potentially available for Biogas Production Feedstock availability must be considered before Commercial Scale
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Next Step
Potential Feedstock
Effect of organic loading rate
Effect of HRT
OPTIMIZATION OF Spirulina Biogas UTILIZATION
Initial Chemical oxygen demand COD =>100,000 mg/L
Criteria: VFA/ALKALINITY =0.8
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Next Step
P&ID
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3D-DESIGN
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BGR 30 L Capacity
•Rigid •Homogenous mixing •pH measure
REACTOR 30L CAPACITY
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•Pressure gage display •Water level display •Safety release valve •Water Hoses
REACTOR 30L CAPACITY
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Biogas composition (%) (CO2, CH4, O2,)
Portable Biogas Analyzer
Gas Counter
(Custom made)
Biogas counter (mL)
REACTOR 30L CAPACITY
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Complete Installation
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To be successful, the first thing to do is fall in love with your work. – Sister Mary Lauretta -