an to managing cumulative to groundwater resources in

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An approach to managing cumulative effects to groundwater resources in the Alberta Oil Sands

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Page 1: An to managing cumulative to groundwater resources in

An approach to managing cumulative effects to groundwater resources in 

the Alberta Oil Sands

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Aspects of cumulative 

effects 

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• Potential effects to groundwater quantity & quality from current and future oil sands projects & understanding of natural setting 

Issue 

Solution

Proposed goal

• Development of a draft management framework (GMF) to 

guide stewardship of groundwater in the mineable and in situ development

• To manage cumulative effects using a science‐based approach, and to manage groundwater resources in a sustainable manner

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Challenges

•Landscape disturbance and effects to drainage patterns and recharge characteristics. •Drawdown effects from dewatering for safe mine development. •Potential seepage from established waste management facilities and related mine structures (overburden waste dumps, material stockpiles). •Effects from disposal of mine depressurization water and process waste water by subsurface injection. •Operational upsets (spills and leaks of chemicals and hydrocarbons at processing facilities and active mine areas).

Related Inputs

• Salts, organics including naphthenic acids (NAs), metals, trace elements, phenols, low molecular weight (LMW) hydrocarbons and soluble PAHs.

Mineable oil sands 

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In situ oil sands  Challenges

•Physical and chemical effects from localized heating of subsurface by normal operation of thermally‐enhanced oil recovery wells.

•Drawdown effects from water use to generate steam for bitumen recovery.

•Pressure effects and constituent migration from waste injection activities.

•Operational upsets (spills, leaks, casing failures, and releases of chemicals and hydrocarbons at processing facilities an related well infrastructure).

Related Inputs

•Soluble salts and organics (including NAs), metals and trace elements; phenols and LMW hydrocarbons (including soluble PAHs) 

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Other (human & natural) 

Challenges

•Potential discharge of municipal waste water, urban runoff and other upstream releases (e.g. pulp mills, agricultural runoff)  to water bodies. •Natural discharge of salts, hydrocarbons and trace elements to local water bodies  and groundwater from exposed bedrock formations  and muskeg drainage. •Leaching of hydrocarbons, salts and trace elements to the groundwater from oil sand deposits in contact with aquifers. •Effects of natural disturbances (e.g. forest fires) and climate variability on basin hydrology and groundwater (level and quality effects).

Related Inputs

•Personal care products, fertilizers, pesticides, halogenated compounds, salts, hydrocarbons, metals, trace elements, PAHs, and dissolved organics.

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Management frameworks 

(Land Use Framework)

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Guiding principles 

• Cumulative effects management (& verification of EIA results)

• Pollution prevention / avoidance • Reversal of adverse trends

Time

Con

cent

ratio

n

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MONITORING to assess the condition of groundwater quality and quantity within 

key aquifers 

MANAGEMENT actions tailored to 

specified triggers and limits to ensure sustainability of regional groundwater 

resources

ESTABLISHMENT of scientifically‐based trigger and limits values for identified 

effects indicators

 Main components of draft GMF:   

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5: Management actions

4: Evaluate indicators using triggers and

limits

3: Monitor indicators

2: Select indicators

1: Define outcomes

Framework process 

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Proposed goals of draft GMF 

Goal #1 Water Quality Needs are Maintained for all Users

Goal #2 

Water Quantity Needs are Maintained for all Users

Goal #3 

Hydraulic Integrity of Regional Flow Systems is 

Maintained

Water Quality Needs are Maintained for all Users

Water Quantity Needs are Maintained for all Users

Important groundwater and surface water connections are identified & protected

NAOS region SAOS  & CLBR regions

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Temporal water levels  Available head in key aquifers  Sustainable yield

Quality   Sodium, Potassium,  Chloride Silicon, Strontium, Arsenic Barium,  Nitrate, Ammonia, Phenols, PHC F1, selected isotopes

Proposed indicators Quantity

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    Proposed triggers and limits 

  

Groundwater Quality

Trigger Upper Control Limit (statistically-derived)

Limit Risk-based approach

Groundwater Quantity

Trigger Lower Control Limit (statistically-derived)

Limit Risk-based approach

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     Proposed data analysis 

• Statistical control charting and trend analysis to be utilized for selected indicator parameters 

 • Follow‐up investigation process if trend identified or trigger exceeded 

1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004

Con

cent

ratio

n (m

g/L)

0

10

20

30

40

Range of natural variability

UCL

LCL

Trigger

Limit (risk-based)

637

638

639

1984 1988 1992 1996 2000 2004

Range of natural variability UCL

LCL

Wat

er le

vel (

mas

l)

Limit (risk-based)

Trigger

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• Exceedance of a trigger level will provoke an investigation into the source and cause

  • Follow‐up investigation will help facilitate understanding of the event or need for corrective action.

Proposed investigation & management 

process

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Setting the context Inventory & Gap Analysis Inventory & Gap Analysis

System Dynamics System Dynamics

Risk Analysis Risk Analysis

Cumulative Impact Assessment Cumulative Impact Assessment

Management Strategies Management Strategies

Supply Supply Demand Demand Internal/External Forces Internal/External Forces

Adaptive learning

Adaptive learning

Performance Monitoring Performance Monitoring

Adaptive learning

Adaptive learning

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Study areas Northern Athabasca Oil Sands region (mineable)

Southern Athabasca Oil Sands region (in situ)

Cold Lake Beaver River region (in situ)

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Hydraulic conductivity

Overburden thickness

% Slope

Soil cover

Intrinsic vulnerability

Aquifer media

Recharge & discharge areas

Depth to water

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Posted leases

Mine infrastructure

In‐situ development

Linear corridors Development hazard

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Aggregate risk

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Cumulative Impact Assessment 

• Use of numerical modelling tools – quantify spatial & temporal effects from all regional developments 

– support GMF development & implementation 

21

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Proposed

Existing

Secondary

High priority

Future

Proposed regional monitoring 

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Monitoring

Modelling

Management

Integration of decision support tools 

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WHOC11‐567

SYSTEM REFINEMENTS

through ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT

PROCESS

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• Considerable work to date establishing regional groundwater monitoring and management in the Alberta oil sands regions 

• Active networks in place (NAOS, CLBR) with others under development (SAOS) 

• Draft management frameworks developed for each oil sands area (summary document in prep.) 

• Results will be crucial in determining: – current state of groundwater resources (including baseline and 

range of natural variability) – indicator trends and future conditions – validity of modelled projections – sustainable development of groundwater resources 

Summary 

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Thank you Questions?