an overview of land plant evolution (ch. 29, plant diversity i) 1)origin from ancestors similar to...
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An Overview of Land Plant Evolution
(Ch. 29, Plant Diversity I) 1) origin from ancestors similar to
charophytes2) bryophytes3) ferns4) other spore-dispersed plants
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1) origin from ancestors similar to charophytes…
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The evolution of land plants involves changes in plant development related to reproductive biology.
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Chara - a charophyte - the whole plant body is haploid except for the zygote
egg and sperm production close up
zygote
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The origin of the land-plants includes a delay in meoisis, so that thereare diploid vegetative cells in the life cycle.
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cuticle, a critical inventionfor land plants
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1) origin from ancestors similar to charophytes…
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1) origin from ancestors similar to charophytes…
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Table 25.1, chapter 25, p. 515
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Table 25.1, chapter 25, p. 515
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An Overview of Land Plant Evolution
1) origin from ancestors similar to charophytes
2) bryophytes3) ferns4) other spore-dispersed plants
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bryophytes:
• Ca. 15,000 species
• Gametophyte shoot with leaves is common.
• Unbranched sporophyte, which has stomates
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MossLife Cycle
Spores produced in sporangium
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A-C: Mosses
D,E: Liverworts
F, G: Hornworts
operculum
peristome teeth
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Marchantia, a thallose liverwort
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Bazzania, a leafy liverwort
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archegonium of a liverwort
antheridium of a hornwort
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sporophytes of two mosses
haircap moss
peat moss—Sphagnum
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moss spores—products of meiosis
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An Overview of Land Plant Evolution
1) origin from ancestors similar to charophytes
2) bryophytes3) ferns4) other spore-dispersed plants
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Life cycle for the ferns
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The ferns, with 12,000 species, are the most successful spore-dispersed vascular plants.
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Most ferns have a creeping stem and divided leaves…
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Vascular tissue—for moving fluids and providing structural support—is divided into xylem and phloem.
xylem
phloem
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Sporangia are in groups called sori.
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one sorus with sporangia hidden underneathan indusium
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Spores are produced by meiosis in the sporangium.
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Spores germinate to produce haploid gametophytes.
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The gametophytes don’t have shoots or vascular tissue.
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Fertilization
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Fertilization yields new diploid sporophytes.
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An Overview of Land Plant Evolution
1) origin from ancestors similar to charophytes
2) bryophytes3) ferns4) other spore-dispersed plants
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1) origin from ancestors similar to charophytes…
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the horsetails, Equisetum
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a clubmoss, Lycopodium
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a coal swamp, dominated by spore-dispersed plants
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Table 25.1, chapter 25, p. 515
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Fossil spore tetrads from the Cambrian are evidence of theorigin of the land-plant lineage and its life cycle:
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Table 25.1, chapter 25, p. 487
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Table 25.1, chapter 25, p. 487
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1) origin from ancestors similar to charophytes…
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