plant diversity 2 plant kingdom bryophytes ferns gymnosperms angiosperms vascular seed plants: --...
TRANSCRIPT
![Page 1: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
PLANT DIVERSITY 2
Plant Kingdom• Bryophytes
• Ferns
• Gymnosperms
• Angiosperms
Vascular
Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm)
seedless
![Page 2: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
• PLANT KINGDOM (major groups)– MOSSES (“non-vascular”)– FERNS– GYMNOSPERMS (conifers)– ANGIOSPERMS (flowering plants)
seedless
Vascular
Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm)
![Page 3: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Seed Plants Have:• Vascular Tissue:
– Functions as in ferns• Pollen: a structure that surrounds/contains sperm
– Allows transport of sperm without water– Protects the sperm from drying out– Adaptations to life on dry land, can reproduce w/o water
• SEEDS: a structure surrounding/containing the embryo– Protects the embryo (from drying out)– Provides food/nourishment for embryo– Promotes dispersal of embryo away from established
plants—reduces competition
Pollen and Seeds are adaptations to dry land or help increase reproductive success.
![Page 4: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Pine Trees & firs are Gymnosperms(specifically conifers)
![Page 5: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Other Gymnosperms (specifically conifers): Junipers (cypress and cedars)
![Page 6: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Cycads are Gymnosperms too
![Page 7: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
And Ginko Trees
![Page 8: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Gnetophytes including Ephedra are also Gymnosperms
![Page 9: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Gymnosperm Characteristics
• Vascular Tissue and Roots• can grow large and in relatively dry places
• POLLEN: – Allows fertilization/reproduction and dispersal
without water
• SEEDS: – protects the embryo from drying until it can
germinate and promotes dispersal
We will look closer at pine trees as examples of typical gymnosperms
![Page 10: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Pine Trees have……
Needles
(leafs)
Cones
--reproductive structuresFemale cone
male cones
![Page 11: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Reproduction, Pollen, and Seeds in Pines• Male Cones make pollen• Pollen is dispersed by wind
wings
![Page 12: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Reproduction, Pollen, and Seeds in Pines• Female cones make ovules containing the egg
ovulescales
![Page 13: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Reproduction, Pollen, and Seeds in Pines• Ovule w/ egg turns into seed after fertilization• Pine seeds have wings and are wind dispersed
Wings on pine seeds
![Page 14: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What is an Angiosperm?
![Page 15: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
A plant with flowers
![Page 16: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
...even when the flowers aren’t obvious
Angiosperms with non-showy flowers are typically wind pollinated so large colorful flowers are not needed to attract pollinators and would get in way of wind
![Page 17: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Conspicuous flowers use animal pollinators:the key to Angiosperm success
![Page 18: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Angiosperm Characteristics• Vascular Tissue
– Can grow large and in relatively dry places• Pollen
– Frequently dispersed by animals—pollinators– But also wind (and occasionally water dispersed)
• Seeds– Surrounded by fruit promotes dispersal of embryo
• FLOWERS– Attract pollinators (color & scent)– Reward pollinators (nectar & pollen)– Put sex parts in same place to promote pollinations/fertilization
• FRUIT—structure that surrounds the seed– Can provide protection to seed– Disperses the seed (MAIN IDEA BEHIND BENEFIT OF FRUIT)
• Frequently utilizes animals• Sweet, fragrant, colorful• Dry and “clingy”
– But also wind (and occasionally water dispersed)
![Page 19: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Angiosperm pollen• Made by anthers, allows sperm to travel to egg w/o water
![Page 20: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Sperm nuclei and pollen tube
![Page 21: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Fruit With Seed• After fertilization:• Ovule seed• Ovary of flower fruit
![Page 22: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fruit with seed
![Page 23: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Dry Fruit
![Page 24: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Fruit v. Vegetable
![Page 25: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Tomato:fruit or vegetable?
…….would you put it in a fruit salad?
![Page 26: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Tomato:fruit or vegetable
• Botanically it is a fruit• Typically used as a vegetable for cooking/culinary purposes• US Supreme court decided that the tomato shall be considered a
vegetable in Nix v. Hedden (1893) for Tariff Act of 1883
• The 1887 a case came before the supreme court.• John Nix sued the collector of port of New York to recover duty (tax)
paid on imported vegetables, but they argued they should not have paid because the tomato is a fruit
• The U.S. Supreme Court decided on May 10, 1893 that the tomato is a vegetable, based on them generally being served with dinner as was typical for vegetables where as fruit were often used as desserts and not part of main course.
• the court did not purport to reclassify the tomato for botanical or other purpose
![Page 27: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Flowers: structure and function
Floral Parts:
•Sepals
•Petals•Stamen/anthers: (produce pollen w/ sperm)
•Pistil (carpel): ovary (containing egg)
![Page 28: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
![Page 30: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Additional Terms
• Dioecious: separate male and female individuals/plants (organisms)
• Monecious: male and female parts on same individual plants (organism)
![Page 31: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Dicots v. Monocot
Monocot• Seed
– One part/cotyledon
• Leaves– parallel venation
• Flower parts– Petals in multiples of
three
Dicot• Seed
– two parts/cotyledons
• Leaves– netted venation
• Flower parts– Petals in 4’s or 5’s
![Page 32: PLANT DIVERSITY 2 Plant Kingdom Bryophytes Ferns Gymnosperms Angiosperms Vascular Seed Plants: -- Have seeds -- Have pollen (containing sperm) seedless](https://reader035.vdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022062519/5697bfc71a28abf838ca7bb9/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Embryos Leaf venation Stems
MonocotCharacteristics
Onecotyledon
Veins usuallyparallel
Vascular tissuescattered
Root systemusually fibrous(no main root)
Pollen grainwith oneopening
Floral organsusually inmultiplesof three
Floral organsusually in
multiples offour or five
Pollen grainwith threeopenings
Taproot(main root)
usually present
Vascular tissueusually arranged
in ring
Veins usuallynetlike
Twocotyledons
EudicotCharacteristics
Roots Pollen Flowers