an introduction to visible human project

An Introduction toAn Introduction toVisible Human ProjectVisible Human Project

Ku-Yaw ChangKu-Yaw [email protected]@mail.dyu.edu.tw

Assistant Professor, Department of Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Information EngineeringComputer Science and Information Engineering

Da-Yeh UniversityDa-Yeh University

mailto:[email protected]

222004/03/032004/03/03 Medical Imaging SystemMedical Imaging System


OutlineOutline

BackgroundBackgroundInitial AimInitial AimDemonstrationDemonstrationUsers’ ConferencesUsers’ Conferences


BackgroundBackground

Having its roots in a 1986 long-range planning Having its roots in a 1986 long-range planning effort of the National Library of Medicine (NLM)effort of the National Library of Medicine (NLM) http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nlmhome.htmlhttp://www.nlm.nih.gov/nlmhome.html

Foreseeing an increasing role for electronically Foreseeing an increasing role for electronically represented images in clinical medicine and represented images in clinical medicine and biomedical researchbiomedical research

Considering building and disseminating medical Considering building and disseminating medical image libraries image libraries

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/nlmhome.html



The following recommendation was made The following recommendation was made early in 1989early in 1989 NLM should undertake a first project building a NLM should undertake a first project building a

digital image library of volumetric data representing digital image library of volumetric data representing a complete, normal adult male and female.a complete, normal adult male and female.

This Visible Human Project will includeThis Visible Human Project will includedigitized photographic images from cryosectioningdigitized photographic images from cryosectioning

digital images derived from computerized tomography and digital images derived from computerized tomography and digital magnetic resonance images of cadavers.digital magnetic resonance images of cadavers.



Two-dimensional images are composed of Two-dimensional images are composed of picture elementspicture elements or or pixelpixel.. Gray level : 0-255Gray level : 0-255

Pixel



Three-dimensional images are composed Three-dimensional images are composed of of volume elementsvolume elements or or voxelvoxel..

Voxel


Initial AimInitial Aim

Acquire transverse CT, MRI and cryo-Acquire transverse CT, MRI and cryo-section images of a representative male section images of a representative male and female cadaver at an average of one and female cadaver at an average of one millimeter intervalsmillimeter intervals Visible Human MaleVisible Human Male Visible Human FemaleVisible Human Female


Initial AimInitial AimThe Visible Human Male data setThe Visible Human Male data set MRI, CT and anatomical images.MRI, CT and anatomical images.MRI MRI Axial images of the head and neck and longitudinal Axial images of the head and neck and longitudinal

sections of the rest of the body were obtained at 4 sections of the rest of the body were obtained at 4 mm intervals.mm intervals.

Resolution: 256 pixels by 256 pixelsResolution: 256 pixels by 256 pixels Grey tone: 12 bits (0-4095) Grey tone: 12 bits (0-4095) CTCT Axial scans of the entire body taken at 1 mm intervalsAxial scans of the entire body taken at 1 mm intervals Resolution: 512 pixels by 512 pixelsResolution: 512 pixels by 512 pixels Grey tone: : 12 bits (0-4095) Grey tone: : 12 bits (0-4095)



The Visible Human Male data setThe Visible Human Male data set Anatomical imagesAnatomical images

Cross-sections are at 1 mm intervalsCross-sections are at 1 mm intervals to coincide with the CT axial images. to coincide with the CT axial images.

1871 cross-sections for both CT and 1871 cross-sections for both CT and anatomyanatomyComplete male data setComplete male data set Size: 15 gigabytesSize: 15 gigabytes Publicly available in November, 1994. Publicly available in November, 1994.



The Visible Human Female data setThe Visible Human Female data set Same characteristics as the The Visible Same characteristics as the The Visible

Human Male with the following exceptionHuman Male with the following exceptionAxial anatomical images were obtained at 0.33 mm Axial anatomical images were obtained at 0.33 mm intervals. (Male: 1mm)intervals. (Male: 1mm)5,189 anatomical images (Male: 1871 images)5,189 anatomical images (Male: 1871 images)

Complete female data setComplete female data set Size: 40 gigabytesSize: 40 gigabytes Publicly available in November, 1995. Publicly available in November, 1995.



The Visible Human Female data setThe Visible Human Female data set Spacing in the "Z" direction was reduced to Spacing in the "Z" direction was reduced to

0.33mm 0.33mm To match the 0.33mm pixel sizing in the "X-Y" To match the 0.33mm pixel sizing in the "X-Y" planeplaneTo work with To work with cubic voxelscubic voxels in three-dimensional in three-dimensional images. images.


Demonstration (Male)Demonstration (Male)

CT ScanCT Scan Prior to FreezingPrior to Freezing

Head subset




Thorax subset




Abdomen subset

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/image/abdomen_fresh.jpg



CT ScanCT Scan After FreezingAfter Freezing

Head subset



MRI ScanMRI Scan

Thorax subset



MRI ScanMRI Scan

Pelvis subset



Color cryosectionColor cryosection



Color cryosection : from head to toeColor cryosection : from head to toe


DemonstrationDemonstration

Transverse (or axial) sections Transverse (or axial) sections



Coronal sections Coronal sections



Sagittal sections Sagittal sections


Users’ ConferencesUsers’ Conferences

The Visible Human Project ConferencesThe Visible Human Project Conferences 19961996

http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/vhp_conf/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/vhp_conf/vhpconf.htmvhpconf.htm

19981998http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/vhpconf98/MAIN.HTMvhpconf98/MAIN.HTM

20002000http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/research/visible/vhpconf2000/MAIN.HTMvhpconf2000/MAIN.HTM


Reference WebsitesReference Websites

Fact Sheet : The Visible Human Project Fact Sheet : The Visible Human Project http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/http://www.nlm.nih.gov/pubs/factsheets/

visible_human.htmlvisible_human.html

Voxel-man GalleryVoxel-man Gallery http://www.uke.uni-hamburg.de/zentren/http://www.uke.uni-hamburg.de/zentren/

experimentelle_medizin/informatik/galerie/experimentelle_medizin/informatik/galerie/io.en.htmlio.en.html

an introduction to visible human project

Documents

anatomical images male

represented images

cryosectioningdigital

photographic images

ct axial images

cryosection images

representative male

normal adult male