Security in the CloudAn Introduction to Issues Regarding Data Integrity & Virtual Machine Security

Outline

What is Cloud Computing? Data Management Issues

Data Integrity Data Provenance Data Remanence Data Availability

Virtual Machine Security Cloud Mapping Co-Residence Side-Channeling

What Is Cloud Computing?

Confusion Exists, Not Without Reason

The Future Of Computing for Business & Home

An Old Concept Revisited

“The interesting thing about cloud computing is that we’ve redefined cloud computing to include everything that we already do… I don’t understand what we would de differently in the light of cloud computing other than change the wording of some of our ads.” - Larry Ellison

What Is Cloud Computing?

Remote Access To Centrally Stored Data & Applications

Flexibility in Resource Sharing and Allocation

Software as a Service (SaaS) Platform as a Service (PaaS) Infrastructure as a Service

(IaaS)

Cloud Computing is a method in which the internet is used as a medium to enable resource and application sharing

IBM XForce Report

2013 Figure 2 – H1 (encrypted and locked!)2012 Sampling of Security Incidents by Attack Type, Time and Impact

Conjecture of relative breach impact is based on publicly disclosed information regarding leaked records and financial losses

IBM

Coverage20,000+ devices

under contract

3,700+ managed clients worldwide

13B+ events managed per day

133 monitored countries (MSS)

1,000+ security related patents

Depth14B analyzed web pages & images

40M spam & phishing attacks

64K documented vulnerabilities

Billions of intrusion attempts daily

Millions of unique malware samples

Data Concerns in the Cloud Data Integrity

Cloud Service Provider (CSP) Concerns Third Party Auditing (TPA) Encryption and Multitenancy

Data Provenance Data Remanence Data Availability

Elasticity CSP Related Downtime Malicious Attacks

Data Integrity

Cloud Service Provider (CSP) Concerns CSP Security

▪ Data Transfer▪ Data-at-Rest

CSP Data Loss▪ Unintentional▪ Intentional

Third Party Auditing▪ The Auditor▪ Support for Dynamic Data

Data Integrity

Encryption & Multitenancy Multitenancy – Storage of data from

multiple clients in a single repository Inability to use encryption in order to

support indexing Encryption largely irrelevant if data is

analyzed on the cloud, as analysis requires decryption.

Data Provenance & Remanence

Data Provenance – Calculation Accuracy Shared resources mean shared

responsibility Difficulty / Impossibility in tracking

involved machines

Data Remanence – Data Cleansing “Ghost Data” – Left behind after deletion No remanence security plan for any

major CSP

Availability

  Total Downtime (HH:MM:SS)

Availability Per Day Per Month Per Year

99.999% 00:00:00.4 00:00:26 00:05:15

99.99% 00:00:08 00:04:22 00:52:35

99.9% 00:01:26 00:43:49 08:45:56

99% 00:14:23 07:18:17 87:39:29

Mather, Tim; Kumaraswamy, Subra; Latif, Shahed; Cloud Security and Privacy: An Enterprise Perspective on Risks and Compliance. O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2009

Cloud Service Provider (CSP) Concerns

Availability + Elasticity

http://blog.bkis.com/en/korea-and-us-ddos-attacks-the-attacking-source-located-in-united-kingdom/

Malicious Attacker Concerns

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS)

Uses Port Flooding to Slow Systems or Force Server Resets.

• External Attack Models• Similar to Traditional

Strikes• Cloud Usage as Attacker

• Internal Attack Models• Protection Responsibility

Lies on the User• CSP Would Need to Detect

Contractual/Legal Agreements Up-Time Jurisdiction Data Ownership

Escrow Data? Metadata? Exit Clause Testing for

Disaster Recovery Incident Response E-Discovery

Right to Audit

Current Open Questions

Cloud Mapping Co-Residence Side-Channeling Certificate Management

Virtual Machine Security

Cloud Mapping

Ristenpart, Thomas; Tromer, Eran; Shacham, Hovav; Savage, Stefan. Hey, You, Get Off of My Cloud: Exploring Information Leakage in Third-Party Compute Clouds.CCS '09, November9-13, 2009, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Copyright 2009.

Co-Residence

Virtual Machine Security

Ristenpart, Thomas; Tromer, Eran; Shacham, Hovav; Savage, Stefan. Hey, You, Get Off of My Cloud: Exploring Information Leakage in Third-Party Compute Clouds.CCS '09, November9-13, 2009, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Copyright 2009.

Side-Channeling

Virtual Machine Security

Ristenpart, Thomas; Tromer, Eran; Shacham, Hovav; Savage, Stefan. Hey, You, Get Off of My Cloud: Exploring Information Leakage in Third-Party Compute Clouds.CCS '09, November9-13, 2009, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Copyright 2009.

Cloud Security

Works Cited Armbrust, Michael; Fox, Armando; Griffith, Rean; Joseph, Anthony D.; Katz, Randy; Konwinski,

Andy; Lee, Gunho; Patterson, David; Rabkin, Ariel; Stoica, Ion; Zaharia, Matei. 2010. A view of cloud computing. Commun. ACM 53, 4 (April 2010), 50-58. DOI=10.1145/1721654.1721672 http://0-doi.acm.org.catalog.library.colostate.edu/10.1145/1721654.1721672

Brodkin, Jon; Gartner: Seven cloud-computing security risks. Network World. July 02, 2008 03:48 PM ET. http://www.networkworld.com/news/2008/070208-cloud.html" 

Christodorescu, Mihai; Sailer, Reiner; Schales, Douglas Lee; Sgandurra, Daniele; Zamboni, Diego. 2009. Cloud security is not (just) virtualization security: a short paper. In Proceedings of the 2009 ACM workshop on Cloud computing security (CCSW '09). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 97-102. DOI=10.1145/1655008.1655022 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1655008.1655022

Cong Wang; Qian Wang; Kui Ren; Wenjing Lou; , "Privacy-Preserving Public Auditing for Data Storage Security in Cloud Computing," INFOCOM, 2010 Proceedings IEEE , vol., no., pp.1-9, 14-19 March 2010 doi: 10.1109/INFCOM.2010.5462173 URL: http://0-ieeexplore.ieee.org.catalog.library.colostate.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5462173&isnumber=5461899

Cong Wang;   Qian Wang;   Kui Ren;   Wenjing Lou; Dept. of ECE, Illinois Inst. of Technol., Chicago, IL, USA This paper appears in: Quality of Service, 2009. IWQoS. 17th International Workshop on Issue Date: 13-15 July 2009 On page(s): 1 - 9 Location: Charleston, SC ISSN: 1548-615X E-ISBN: 978-1-4244-3876-1 Print ISBN: 978-1-4244-3875-4 INSPEC Accession Number: 10834827 Digital Object Identifier: 10.1109/IWQoS.2009.5201385  Date of Current Version: 18 August 2009 

Furht, Borko. “Cloud Computing Fundamentals.” Ed. B Furht & A Escalante. Handbook of Cloud Computing May (2010) : 3-19.

Works Cited cont. Grossman, R.L.; , "The Case for Cloud Computing," IT Professional , vol.11, no.2, pp.23-27,

March-April 2009 doi: URL: http://0-ieeexplore.ieee.org.catalog.library.colostate.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=4804045&isnumber=480403410.1109/MITP.2009.40

Jaeger, Paul T; Lin, Jimmy; Grimes, Justin M. Cloud Computing and Information Policy: Computing in a Policy Cloud? 933-1681, 2008, 5, 3, 269-283

Jensen, Meiko; Schwenk, Jörg; Gruschka, Nils; Lo Iacono, Luigi. "On Technical Security Issues in Cloud Computing," cloud, pp.109-116, 2009 IEEE International Conference on Cloud Computing, 2009

Jinpeng Wei, Xiaolan Zhang, Glenn Ammons, Vasanth Bala, and Peng Ning. 2009. Managing security of virtual machine images in a cloud environment. In Proceedings of the 2009 ACM workshop on Cloud computing security (CCSW '09). ACM, New York, NY, USA, 91-96. DOI=10.1145/1655008.1655021 http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1655008.1655021 

Kaufman, L.M.; , "Data Security in the World of Cloud Computing," Security & Privacy, IEEE , vol.7, no.4, pp.61-64, doi: 10.1109/MSP.2009.87 July-Aug. 2009 URL: http://0-ieeexplore.ieee.org.catalog.library.colostate.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5189563&isnumber=5189548

Krautheim, John F. 2009. Private virtual infrastructure for cloud computing. In Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Hot topics in cloud computing (HotCloud'09). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, USA, 5-5.

Leavitt, Neal. 2009. Is Cloud Computing Really Ready for Prime Time?. Computer 42, 1 (January 2009), 15-20. DOI=10.1109/MC.2009.20 http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/MC.2009.20

Works Cited cont.

Lizhe Wang; Jie Tao; Kunze, M.; Castellanos, A.C.; Kramer, D.; Karl, W.; Res. Center Karlsruhe Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, Inst. for Sci. Comput., Karlsruhe Scientific Cloud Computing: Early Definition and Experience.

Mather, Tim; Kumaraswamy, Subra; Latif, Shahed; Cloud Security and Privacy: An Enterprise Perspective on Risks and Compliance. O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2009

Reference Type: Book Chapter Editor: Backes, Michael Editor: Ning, Peng Author: Wang, Qian Author: Wang, Cong Author: Li, Jin Author: Ren, Kui Author: Lou, Wenjing Primary Title: Enabling Public Verifiability and Data Dynamics for Storage Security in Cloud Computing Book Title: Computer Security – ESORICS 2009 Book Series Title: Lecture Notes in Computer Science Copyright: 2009 Publisher: Springer Berlin / HeidelbergIsbn: Start Page: 355 End Page: 370 Volume: 5789 Url: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04444-1_22 Doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-04444-1_22

Ristenpart, Thomas; Tromer, Eran; Shacham, Hovav; Savage, Stefan. Hey, You, Get Off of My Cloud: Exploring Information Leakage in Third-Party Compute Clouds.CCS '09, November9-13, 2009, Chicago, Illinois, USA. Copyright 2009.

Santos, Nuno. Gummadi, Krishna P.; Rodrigues, Rodrigo. 2009. Towards trusted cloud computing. In Proceedings of the 2009 conference on Hot topics in cloud computing(HotCloud'09). USENIX Association, Berkeley, CA, USA, 3-3.

White Paper: Author – Trend Micro Security. Cloud Computing Security: Making Virtual Machines Cloud-Ready. May, 2010.

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