an introduction to biometrics
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An introduction to biometric technologies...TRANSCRIPT
An Introduction to Biometrics
Atheeb Ur Rahman4MH08EC005
Contents
• Introduction• Biometric systems• Overview of biometric systems• Biometric system performance• Limitations of unimodal biometric systems• Multimodal biometric systems• A technology example: voice identification• Conclusions and future works• References
Introduction
• What is biometrics?• Biometric identifiers• physiological and behavioral identifiers• Systems security, secure electronic banking,
mobile phones, credit cards, secure access to buildings, health and social services
• "who she/he is“ versus "what she/he has“ or "what she/he knows"
Biometric systems
Biometric systems
• Pattern-recognition system• Feature vector database• Physiological: reliable, Behavioral: easier• Verification and identification
A simple biometric system
Performance metrices
• Universality• Distinctiveness• Permanence• Collectability• Performance• Acceptability• Circumvention
Overview of biometric systems
Gait
• Newer, very distinctive• Low security applications• Behavioral, doesn’t stay constant• Computationally expensive
Infrared thermogram
• Radiated heat• Infrared camera• Noninvasive• Background noise• Price of IR sensors• Covert applications
Keystroke recognition
• Typing is characteristic• Less distinctive• Unobtrusive monitoring• Behavioral
Hand geometry recognition
• Dimensions of fingers and the location of joints, shape and size of palm.
• Easy to use and inexpensive, accurate
• Not distinctive, no large populations
Fingerprint recognition
• Pattern of ridges and furrows located on the tip of each finger
• Compact sensors provide digital images
• Affordable• Laptop computers
Face recognition
• Very common• Static and dynamic• Spatial repationships• Canonical faces
DNA
• Most reliable• Contamination and
sensitivity• Matching requires
complex chemical methods involving expert's skills
• Privacy issues • Forensic applications
Comparison of various biometric technologies
Biometric System Performance
• Different positioning on the acquiring sensor• Imperfect imaging conditions• Deformations and changes• Score S and threshold T• Imposter distribution and genuine distribution• FNMR and FMR• Receiver Operating Characteristic ROC• FTC and FTE
Biometric system error rates
Receiver operating characteristics
Limitations of unimodal biometric systems
• Use only one physiological or behavioral trait for recognition
• Noise in sensed data• Intra-class variations• Distinctiveness• Non-universality• Spoof attacks
Multimodal Biometric Systems
• Different types of biometrics are captured• Integration of two or more types of biometric
recognition• Stringent performance requirements• Multiple sensors• Multiple biometrics• Multiple units of the same biometric• Multiple snapshots of the same biometric• Multiple representations and matching algorithms
for the same biometric
A technology example: voice identification
• Speaking by characteristics of voices of people• Speaker recognition and speech recognition• Acoustic patterns reflect both anatomy and
learned behavioral patterns• Behavioral biometric
A voice recognition system
Conclusions and future works
• Automatic recognition of a person based on her behavioral and/or physiological characteristics
• Business applications • Cost and accuracy• It is certain that biometric-based recognition
will have a great influence on the way we conduct our daily business in near future
References
• An Introduction to Biometric Recognition, IEEE Transactions On Circuits And Systems For Video Technology, January 2004, Anil K. Jain, Fellow, IEEE, Arun Ross, Member, IEEE, and Salil Prabhakar, Member, IEEE.
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speaker_recognition, “Speaker recognition”
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biometrics, “Biometrics”