2013 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel CodeA N I N T E R N A T I O N A L C O D E

IX Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Qualifications

Qualification Standard for Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Procedures; Welders; Brazers; and Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Operators

27. 2013 ASME FINAL Covers_IX Qual Std MECH 5.9.indd 1 5/15/13 5:10 PM

IXQualification Standard forWelding, Brazing, and FusingProcedures; Welders; Brazers;and Welding, Brazing, andFusing OperatorsASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committeeon Welding, Brazing, and Fusing

AN INTERNATIONAL CODE

2013 ASME Boiler &Pressure Vessel Code2013 Edition July 1, 2013

Two Park Avenue • New York, NY • 10016 USA

Date of Issuance: July 1, 2013

This international code or standard was developed under procedures accredited as meeting the criteria for Amer-ican National Standards and it is an American National Standard. The Standards Committee that approved the codeor standard was balanced to assure that individuals from competent and concerned interests have had an oppor-tunity to participate. The proposed code or standard was made available for public review and comment that pro-vides an opportunity for additional public input from industry, academia, regulatory agencies, and the public-at-large.ASME does not “approve,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, proprietary device, or activity.ASME does not take any position with respect to the validity of any patent rights asserted in connection with any

items mentioned in this document, and does not undertake to insure anyone utilizing a standard against liability forinfringement of any applicable letters patent, nor assume any such liability. Users of a code or standard are ex-pressly advised that determination of the validity of any such patent rights, and the risk of infringement of suchrights, is entirely their own responsibility.Participation by federal agency representative(s) or person(s) affiliated with industry is not to be interpreted as

government or industry endorsement of this code or standard.ASME accepts responsibility for only those interpretations of this document issued in accordance with the estab-

lished ASME procedures and policies, which precludes the issuance of interpretations by individuals.The endnotes in this document (if any) are part of this American National Standard.

ASME collective membership mark

Certification Mark

The above ASME symbol is registered in the U.S. Patent Office.

“ASME” is the trademark of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers.

No part of this document may be reproduced in any form, in an electronic retrievalsystem or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher.

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 56-3934Printed in the United States of America

Adopted by the Council of The American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1914; latest edition 2013.

The American Society of Mechanical EngineersTwo Park Avenue, New York, NY 10016-5990

Copyright © 2013 byTHE AMERICAN SOCIETY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERS

All rights reserved

TABLE OF CONTENTS

List of Sections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xForeword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiiStatement of Policy on the Use of the Certification Mark and Code Authorization in Advertising . . . . . . . . . . . . xivStatement of Policy on the Use of ASME Marking to Identify Manufactured Items . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xivSubmittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xvPersonnel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xviiIntroduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxiiSummary of Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxvList of Changes in BC Order . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxxixCross-Referencing and Stylistic Changes in the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xlii

Part QG General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

QG-100 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1QG-109 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Part QW Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Article I Welding General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14QW-100 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14QW-110 Weld Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14QW-120 Test Positions for Groove Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14QW-130 Test Positions for Fillet Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15QW-140 Types and Purposes of Tests and Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15QW-150 Tension Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16QW-160 Guided‐Bend Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17QW-170 Notch‐Toughness Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18QW-180 Fillet‐Weld Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18QW-190 Other Tests and Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

Article II Welding Procedure Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27QW-200 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27QW-210 Preparation of Test Coupon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30QW-220 Hybrid Laser-GMAW Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31QW-250 Welding Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32QW-290 Temper Bead Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Article III Welding Performance Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74QW-300 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74QW-310 Qualification Test Coupons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76QW-320 Retests and Renewal of Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76QW-350 Welding Variables for Welders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77QW-360 Welding Variables for Welding Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79QW-380 Special Processes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80

Article IV Welding Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82QW-400 Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82QW-410 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92QW-420 Base Metal Groupings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96QW-430 F‐Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166QW-440 Weld Metal Chemical Composition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176QW-450 Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

iii

QW-460 Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183QW-470 Etching — Processes and Reagents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228QW-490 redesignated as QG-109 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229

Article V Standard Welding Procedure Specifications (SWPSs) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230QW-500 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230QW-510 Adoption of SWPSs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230QW-520 Use of SWPSs Without Discrete Demonstration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230QW-530 Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231QW-540 Production Use of SWPSs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 231

Part QB Brazing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232

Article XI Brazing General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232QB-100 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232QB-110 Braze Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232QB-120 Test Positions for Lap, Butt, Scarf, or Rabbet Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232QB-140 Types and Purposes of Tests and Examinations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233QB-150 Tension Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233QB-160 Guided‐Bend Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234QB-170 Peel Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235QB-180 Sectioning Tests and Workmanship Coupons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Article XII Brazing Procedure Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236QB-200 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236QB-210 Preparation of Test Coupon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237QB-250 Brazing Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Article XIII Brazing Performance Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242QB-300 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242QB-310 Qualification Test Coupons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243QB-320 Retests and Renewal of Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243QB-350 Brazing Variables for Brazers and Brazing Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243

Article XIV Brazing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244QB-400 Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244QB-410 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245QB-420 P‐Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245QB-430 F‐Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245QB-450 Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248QB-460 Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252

Part QF Plastic Fusing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271

Article XXI Plastic Fusing General Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271QF-100 Scope . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271QF-110 Fused Joint Orientation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271QF-120 Test Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271QF-130 Data Acquisition and Evaluation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271QF-140 Examinations and Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272

Article XXII Fusing Procedure Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274QF-200 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274QF-220 Standard Fusing Procedure Specification (SFPS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 275QF-250 Fusing Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277

Article XXIII Plastic Fusing Performance Qualifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279QF-300 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279QF-301 Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279QF-302 Type of Test Required . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279QF-303 Limits of Qualified Positions and Diameters (See QF-461) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279

iv

QF-305 Fusing Machine Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 279QF-310 Qualification Test Coupons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

QF-311 Test Coupons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280QF-320 Retests and Renewal of Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

QF-321 Retests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280QF-322 Expiration and Renewal of Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

QF-360 Essential Variables for Performance Qualification of Fusing Machine Opera-tors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

QF-361 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280

Article XXIV Plastic Fusing Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281QF-400 Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

QF-401 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281QF-402 Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281QF-403 Material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281QF-404 Position . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281QF-405 Thermal Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281QF-406 Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281QF-407 Technique . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281

QF-420 Material Groupings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281QF-450 Pipe Fusing Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282QF-460 Graphics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282

QF-461 Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282QF-480 Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289QF-490 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

QF-491 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293QF-492 Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293

Nonmandatory Appendix B Welding and Brazing Forms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295

Nonmandatory Appendix D P‐Number Listing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 306

Mandatory Appendix E Permitted SWPSs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324

Mandatory Appendix F Standard Units for Use in Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

Nonmandatory Appendix G Guidance for the Use of U.S. Customary and SI Units in the ASME Boilerand Pressure Vessel Code . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 328

Nonmandatory Appendix H Waveform Controlled Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 331

Mandatory Appendix J Guideline for Requesting P-Number Assignments for Base Metals notListed in Table QW/QB-422 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333

Nonmandatory Appendix K Guidance on Invoking Section IX Requirements in Other Codes, Stan-dards, Specifications, and Contract Documents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334

FIGURESQG-109.2.1 Typical Single and Multibead Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13QG-109.2.2 Typical Single Bead Layers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13QW-191.1.2.2(b)(4) Rounded Indication Charts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21QW-461.1 Positions of Welds — Groove Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183QW-461.2 Positions of Welds — Fillet Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184QW-461.3 Groove Welds in Plate — Test Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185QW-461.4 Groove Welds in Pipe — Test Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185QW-461.5 Fillet Welds in Plate — Test Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 186QW-461.6 Fillet Welds in Pipe — Test Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187QW-461.7 Stud Welds — Test Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188QW-461.8 Stud Welds — Welding Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 188QW-461.10 Rotating Tool Design Characteristics (FSW) Referenced in QW-410 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 190QW-462.1(a) Tension — Reduced Section — Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191

v

QW-462.1(b) Tension — Reduced Section — Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191QW-462.1(c) Tension — Reduced Section Alternate for Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192QW-462.1(d) Tension — Reduced Section — Turned Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192QW-462.1(e) Tension — Full Section — Small Diameter Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193QW-462.2 Side Bend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194QW-462.3(a) Face and Root Bends — Transverse . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195QW-462.3(b) Face and Root Bends — Longitudinal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196QW-462.4(a) Fillet Welds in Plate — Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196QW-462.4(b) Fillet Welds in Plate — Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197QW-462.4(c) Fillet Welds in Pipe — Performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197QW-462.4(d) Fillet Welds in Pipe — Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198QW-462.5(a) Chemical Analysis and Hardness Specimen Corrosion‐Resistant and Hard‐Facing Weld

Metal Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199QW-462.5(b) Chemical Analysis Specimen, Hard‐Facing Overlay Hardness, and Macro Test Location

(s) for Corrosion‐Resistant and Hard‐Facing Weld Metal Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200QW-462.5(c) Pipe Bend Specimen — Corrosion‐Resistant Weld Metal Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201QW-462.5(d) Plate Bend Specimens — Corrosion‐Resistant Weld Metal Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202QW-462.5(e) Plate Macro, Hardness, and Chemical Analysis Specimens — Corrosion‐Resistant and

Hard‐Facing Weld Metal Overlay . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203QW-462.7.1 Resistance Seam Weld Test Coupon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203QW-462.7.2 Seam Weld Section Specimen Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204QW-462.7.3 Resistance Weld Nugget Section Test Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204QW-462.8.1 Spot Welds in Sheets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205QW-462.8.2 Seam Weld Peel Test Specimen and Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206QW-462.9 Spot Welds in Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207QW-462.12 Nomenclature for Temper Bead Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211QW-462.13 Measurement of Temper Bead Overlap . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212QW-463.1(a) Plates — Less Than 3/4 in. (19 mm) Thickness Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212QW-463.1(b) Plates — 3/4 in. (19 mm) and Over Thickness and Alternate From 3/8 in. (10 mm) but

Less Than 3/4 in. (19 mm) Thickness Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212QW-463.1(c) Plates — Longitudinal Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213QW-463.1(d) Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213QW-463.1(e) Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214QW-463.1(f) Notch‐Toughness Test Specimen Location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214QW-463.2(a) Plates — Less Than 3/4 in. (19 mm) Thickness Performance Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . 215QW-463.2(b) Plates — 3/4 in. (19 mm) and Over Thickness and Alternate From 3/8 in. (10 mm) but

Less Than 3/4 in. (19 mm) Thickness Performance Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215QW--463.2(c) Plates — Longitudinal Performance Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216QW-463.2(d) Performance Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216QW-463.2(e) Performance Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217QW-463.2(f) Pipe — NPS 10 (DN 250) Assembly Performance Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217QW-463.2(g) NPS 6 (DN 150) or NPS 8 (DN 200) Assembly Performance Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . 218QW-463.2(h) Performance Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219QW-464.1 Procedure Qualification Test Coupon and Test Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220QW-464.2 Performance Qualification Test Coupons and Test Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221QW-466.1 Test Jig Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222QW-466.2 Guided‐Bend Roller Jig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224QW-466.3 Guided‐Bend Wrap Around Jig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224QW-466.4 Stud‐Weld Bend Jig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225QW-466.5 Torque Testing Arrangement for Stud Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226QW-466.6 Suggested Type Tensile Test Figure for Stud Welds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227QW-469.1 Butt Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227QW-469.2 Alternative Butt Joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227QB-461.1 Flow Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252QB-461.2 Test Flow Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253QB-462.1(a) Tension — Reduced Section for Butt and Scarf Joints — Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254

vi

QB-462.1(b) Tension — Reduced Section for Butt, Lap, and Scarf Joints — Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255QB-462.1(c) Tension — Reduced Section for Lap and Rabbet Joints — Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256QB-462.1(e) Tension — Full Section for Lap, Scarf, and Butt Joints — Small Diameter Pipe . . . . . . . 257QB-462.1(f) Support Fixture for Reduced‐Section Tension Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258QB-462.2(a) Transverse First and Second Surface Bends — Plate and Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259QB-462.2(b) Longitudinal First and Second Surface Bends — Plate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259QB-462.3 Lap Joint Peel Specimen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260QB-462.4 Lap Joint Section Specimen (see QB-181) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260QB-462.5 Workmanship Coupons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261QB-463.1(a) Plates Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262QB-463.1(b) Plates Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262QB-463.1(c) Plates Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263QB-463.1(d) Plates Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264QB-463.1(e) Pipe — Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265QB-463.2(a) Plates Performance Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266QB-463.2(b) Plates Performance Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267QB-463.2(c) Pipe Performance Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268QB-466.1 Guided‐Bend Jig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269QB-466.2 Guided‐Bend Roller Jig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270QB-466.3 Guided‐Bend Wrap Around Jig . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270QF-221.1 Required Minimum Melt Bead Size . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276QF-461.1 Fusing Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282QF-461.2 Fusing Test Positions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 283QF-462 Cross Section of Upset Beads for Butt-Fused PE Pipe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284QF-463 Bend Test Specimen Removal, Configuration, and Testing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285QF-464 HSTIT Specimen Configuration and Dimensions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287QF-465 HSTIT Specimen Failure Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288

TABLESQW-252 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Oxyfuel Gas Welding (OFW) . . . . . . . 33QW-252.1 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Oxyfuel Gas Welding (OFW) . . . . . . . 34QW-253 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Shielded Metal‐Arc Welding (SMAW) 35QW-253.1 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Shielded Metal‐Arc Welding (SMAW) 36QW-254 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Submerged‐Arc Welding (SAW) . . . . 37QW-254.1 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Submerged‐Arc Welding (SAW) . . . . 39QW-255 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Gas Metal‐Arc Welding (GMAW and

FCAW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40QW-255.1 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Gas Metal‐Arc Welding (GMAW and

FCAW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42QW-256 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Gas Tungsten‐Arc Welding (GTAW) 43QW-256.1 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Gas Tungsten‐Arc Welding (GTAW) 45QW-257 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Plasma‐Arc Welding (PAW) . . . . . . . 46QW-257.1 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Plasma‐Arc Welding (PAW) . . . . . . . 48QW-258 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Electroslag Welding (ESW) . . . . . . . . 50QW-258.1 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Electroslag Welding (ESW) . . . . . . . . 51QW-259 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Electrogas Welding (EGW) . . . . . . . . 52QW-260 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Electron Beam Welding (EBW) . . . . 53QW-261 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Stud Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54QW-262 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Inertia and Continuous Drive Friction

Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55QW-263 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Resistance Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56QW-264 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Laser Beam Welding (LBW) . . . . . . . 57QW-264.1 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Laser Beam Welding (LBW) . . . . . . . 58QW-265 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Flash Welding . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59QW-266 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Diffusion Welding (DFW) . . . . . . . . . 60QW-267 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications — Friction Stir Welding (FSW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

vii

QW-268 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Hybrid Laser-GMAW . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62QW-269 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Hybrid Plasma-GMAW . . . . . . . . . . . . 64QW-269.1 Welding Variables Procedure Specifications (WPS) — Hybrid Plasma-GMAW . . . . . . . . . . . . 66QW-290.4 Welding Variables for Temper Bead Procedure Qualification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71QW-352 Oxyfuel Gas Welding (OFW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78QW-353 Shielded Metal‐Arc Welding (SMAW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78QW-354 Semiautomatic Submerged‐Arc Welding (SAW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78QW-355 Semiautomatic Gas Metal‐Arc Welding (GMAW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78QW-356 Manual and Semiautomatic Gas Tungsten‐Arc Welding (GTAW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78QW-357 Manual and Semiautomatic Plasma‐Arc Welding (PAW) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79QW-416 Welding Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95QW/QB-422 Ferrous/Nonferrous P‐Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97QW-432 F‐Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167QW-442 A‐Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176QW-451.1 Groove‐Weld Tension Tests and Transverse‐Bend Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177QW-451.2 Groove‐Weld Tension Tests and Longitudinal‐Bend Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178QW-451.3 Fillet‐Weld Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178QW-451.4 Fillet Welds Qualified by Groove‐Weld Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178QW-452.1(a) Test Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179QW-452.1(b) Thickness of Weld Metal Qualified . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179QW-452.3 Groove‐Weld Diameter Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180QW-452.4 Small Diameter Fillet‐Weld Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180QW-452.5 Fillet‐Weld Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180QW-452.6 Fillet Qualification by Groove‐Weld Tests . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181QW-453 Procedure/Performance Qualification Thickness Limits and Test Specimens for Hard‐Facing

(Wear‐Resistant) and Corrosion‐Resistant Overlays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181QW-461.9 Performance Qualification — Position and Diameter Limitations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189QW-462.10(a) Shear Strength Requirements for Spot or Projection Weld Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208QW-462.10(b) Shear Strength Requirements for Spot or Projection Weld Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209QW-462.10(c) Shear Strength Requirements for Spot or Projection Weld Specimens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210QW-473.3-1 Makeup of Equations for Aqua Regia and Lepito’s Etch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228QB-252 Torch Brazing (TB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238QB-253 Furnace Brazing (FB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239QB-254 Induction Brazing (IB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239QB-255 Resistance Brazing (RB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240QB-256 Dip Brazing — Salt or Flux Bath (DB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240QB-257 Dip Brazing — Molten Metal Bath (DB) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241QB-432 F‐Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246QB-451.1 Tension Tests and Transverse‐Bend Tests — Butt and Scarf Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248QB-451.2 Tension Tests and Longitudinal Bend Tests — Butt and Scarf Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 248QB-451.3 Tension Tests and Peel Tests — LAP Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249QB-451.4 Tension Tests and Section Tests — Rabbet Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249QB-451.5 Section Tests — Workmanship Coupon Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250QB-452.1 Peel or Section Tests — Butt, Scarf, Lap, Rabbet Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251QB-452.2 Section Tests — Workmanship Specimen Joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251QF-144.2 Testing Speed Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273QF-221.2 Maximum Heater Plate Removal Time for Pipe-to-Pipe Fusing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 277QF-254 Fusing Variables Procedure Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 278QF-362 Essential Variables Applicable to Fusing Machine Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280QF-422 Material Grouping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281QF-452.3 Pipe Fusing Diameter Limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282F-100 Standard Units for Use in Equations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327

FORMSQF-482 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289QF-483 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 290

viii

QF-483 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291QF-484 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 292QF-485 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 293QW-482 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 296QW-483 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298QW-484A . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300QW-484B . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301QW-485 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302QB-482 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303QB-483 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304QB-484 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

ix

ð13Þ LIST OF SECTIONSSECTIONSI Rules for Construction of Power Boilers

II Materials• Part A — Ferrous Material Specifications• Part B — Nonferrous Material Specifications• Part C — Specifications for Welding Rods, Electrodes, and Filler Metals• Part D — Properties (Customary)• Part D — Properties (Metric)

III Rules for Construction of Nuclear Facility Components• Subsection NCA — General Requirements for Division 1 and Division 2• Appendices• Division 1– Subsection NB — Class 1 Components– Subsection NC — Class 2 Components– Subsection ND — Class 3 Components– Subsection NE — Class MC Components– Subsection NF — Supports– Subsection NG — Core Support Structures– Subsection NH — Class 1 Components in Elevated Temperature Service

• Division 2 — Code for Concrete Containments• Division 3 — Containments for Transportation and Storage of Spent Nuclear Fuel and High Level RadioactiveMaterial and Waste

• Division 5 — High Temperature Reactors

IV Rules for Construction of Heating Boilers

V Nondestructive Examination

VI Recommended Rules for the Care and Operation of Heating Boilers

VII Recommended Guidelines for the Care of Power Boilers

VIII Rules for Construction of Pressure Vessels• Division 1• Division 2 — Alternative Rules• Division 3 — Alternative Rules for Construction of High Pressure Vessels

IX Welding, Brazing, and Fusing Qualifications

X Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels

XI Rules for Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant Components

XII Rules for Construction and Continued Service of Transport Tanks

x

INTERPRETATIONS

ASME issues written replies to inquiries concerning interpretation of technical aspects of the Code.Interpretations of the Code are posted in January and July at http://cstools.asme.org/interpretations.cfm. Any Interpre-

tations issued during the previous two calendar years are included with the publication of the applicable Section of theCode. Interpretations of Section III, Divisions 1 and 2 and Section III Appendices are included with Subsection NCA.

CODE CASES

The Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code committees meet regularly to consider proposed additions and revisions to theCode and to formulate Cases to clarify the intent of existing requirements or provide, when the need is urgent, rulesfor materials or constructions not covered by existing Code rules. Those Cases that have been adopted will appear inthe appropriate 2013 Code Cases book: “Boilers and Pressure Vessels” or “Nuclear Components.” Supplements will besent automatically to the purchasers of the Code Cases books up to the publication of the 2015 Code.

xi

ð13Þ FOREWORD

(This Foreword is provided as an aid to the user and is not part of the rules of this Code.)

In 1911, The American Society of Mechanical Engineers established the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Committee to for-mulate standard rules for the construction of steam boilers and other pressure vessels. In 2009, the Boiler and PressureVessel Committee was superseded by the following committees:

(a) Committee on Power Boilers (I)

(b) Committee on Materials (II)

(c) Committee on Construction of Nuclear Facility Components (III)

(d) Committee on Heating Boilers (IV)

(e) Committee on Nondestructive Examination (V)

(f) Committee on Pressure Vessels (VIII)

(g) Committee on Welding, Brazing, and Fusing (IX)

(h) Committee on Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessels (X)

(i) Committee on Nuclear Inservice Inspection (XI)

(j) Committee on Transport Tanks (XII)

Where reference is made to “the Committee” in this Foreword, each of these committees is included individually andcollectively.

The Committee's function is to establish rules of safety relating only to pressure integrity, which govern theconstruction* of boilers, pressure vessels, transport tanks, and nuclear components, and the inservice inspection of nu-clear components and transport tanks. The Committee also interprets these rules when questions arise regarding theirintent. This Code does not address other safety issues relating to the construction of boilers, pressure vessels, transporttanks, or nuclear components, or the inservice inspection of nuclear components or transport tanks. Users of the Codeshould refer to the pertinent codes, standards, laws, regulations, or other relevant documents for safety issues other thanthose relating to pressure integrity. Except for Sections XI and XII, and with a few other exceptions, the rules do not, ofpractical necessity, reflect the likelihood and consequences of deterioration in service related to specific service fluids orexternal operating environments. In formulating the rules, the Committee considers the needs of users, manufacturers,and inspectors of pressure vessels. The objective of the rules is to afford reasonably certain protection of life and prop-erty, and to provide a margin for deterioration in service to give a reasonably long, safe period of usefulness. Advance-ments in design and materials and evidence of experience have been recognized.

This Code contains mandatory requirements, specific prohibitions, and nonmandatory guidance for construction activ-ities and inservice inspection and testing activities. The Code does not address all aspects of these activities and thoseaspects that are not specifically addressed should not be considered prohibited. The Code is not a handbook and cannotreplace education, experience, and the use of engineering judgment. The phrase engineering judgement refers to technicaljudgments made by knowledgeable engineers experienced in the application of the Code. Engineering judgments must beconsistent with Code philosophy, and such judgments must never be used to overrule mandatory requirements or specificprohibitions of the Code.

The Committee recognizes that tools and techniques used for design and analysis change as technology progresses andexpects engineers to use good judgment in the application of these tools. The designer is responsible for complying withCode rules and demonstrating compliance with Code equations when such equations are mandatory. The Code neitherrequires nor prohibits the use of computers for the design or analysis of components constructed to the requirementsof the Code. However, designers and engineers using computer programs for design or analysis are cautioned that theyare responsible for all technical assumptions inherent in the programs they use and the application of these programs totheir design.

* Construction, as used in this Foreword, is an all-inclusive term comprising materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, testing, cer-tification, and pressure relief.

xii

The rules established by the Committee are not to be interpreted as approving, recommending, or endorsing any pro-prietary or specific design, or as limiting in any way the manufacturer's freedom to choose any method of design or anyform of construction that conforms to the Code rules.

The Committee meets regularly to consider revisions of the rules, new rules as dictated by technological development,Code Cases, and requests for interpretations. Only the Committee has the authority to provide official interpretations ofthis Code. Requests for revisions, new rules, Code Cases, or interpretations shall be addressed to the Secretary in writingand shall give full particulars in order to receive consideration and action (see Submittal of Technical Inquiries to theBoiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees). Proposed revisions to the Code resulting from inquiries will be pre-sented to the Committee for appropriate action. The action of the Committee becomes effective only after confirmation byballot of the Committee and approval by ASME. Proposed revisions to the Code approved by the Committee are submittedto the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) and published at http://cstools.asme.org/csconnect/public/in-dex.cfm?PublicReview=Revisions to invite comments from all interested persons. After public review and final approvalby ASME, revisions are published at regular intervals in Editions of the Code.

The Committee does not rule on whether a component shall or shall not be constructed to the provisions of the Code.The scope of each Section has been established to identify the components and parameters considered by the Committeein formulating the Code rules.

Questions or issues regarding compliance of a specific component with the Code rules are to be directed to the ASMECertificate Holder (Manufacturer). Inquiries concerning the interpretation of the Code are to be directed to the Commit-tee. ASME is to be notified should questions arise concerning improper use of an ASME Certification Mark.

When required by context in this Section, the singular shall be interpreted as the plural, and vice versa, and the fem-inine, masculine, or neuter gender shall be treated as such other gender as appropriate.

xiii

STATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF THE CERTIFICATIONMARK AND CODE AUTHORIZATION IN ADVERTISING

ASME has established procedures to authorize qualified organizations to perform various activities in accordance withthe requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code. It is the aim of the Society to provide recognition of or-ganizations so authorized. An organization holding authorization to perform various activities in accordance with the re-quirements of the Code may state this capability in its advertising literature.Organizations that are authorized to use the Certification Mark for marking items or constructions that have been con-

structed and inspected in compliance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code are issued Certificates of Author-ization. It is the aim of the Society to maintain the standing of the Certification Mark for the benefit of the users, theenforcement jurisdictions, and the holders of the Certification Mark who comply with all requirements.Based on these objectives, the following policy has been established on the usage in advertising of facsimiles of the

Certification Mark, Certificates of Authorization, and reference to Code construction. The American Society of MechanicalEngineers does not “approve,” “certify,” “rate,” or “endorse” any item, construction, or activity and there shall be no state-ments or implications that might so indicate. An organization holding the Certification Mark and/or a Certificate ofAuthorization may state in advertising literature that items, constructions, or activities “are built (produced or per-formed) or activities conducted in accordance with the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,”or “meet the requirements of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.” An ASME corporate logo shall not be usedby any organization other than ASME.The Certification Mark shall be used only for stamping and nameplates as specifically provided in the Code. However,

facsimiles may be used for the purpose of fostering the use of such construction. Such usage may be by an association or asociety, or by a holder of the Certification Mark who may also use the facsimile in advertising to show that clearlyspecified items will carry the Certification Mark. General usage is permitted only when all of a manufacturer’s itemsare constructed under the rules.

STATEMENT OF POLICY ON THE USE OF ASME MARKING TOIDENTIFY MANUFACTURED ITEMS

The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code provides rules for the construction of boilers, pressure vessels, and nuclearcomponents. This includes requirements for materials, design, fabrication, examination, inspection, and stamping. Itemsconstructed in accordance with all of the applicable rules of the Code are identified with the official Certification Markdescribed in the governing Section of the Code.Markings such as “ASME,” “ASME Standard,” or any other marking including “ASME” or the Certification Mark shall not

be used on any item that is not constructed in accordance with all of the applicable requirements of the Code.Items shall not be described on ASME Data Report Forms nor on similar forms referring to ASME that tend to imply that

all Code requirements have been met when, in fact, they have not been. Data Report Forms covering items not fullycomplying with ASME requirements should not refer to ASME or they should clearly identify all exceptions to the ASMErequirements.

xiv

ð13Þ SUBMITTAL OF TECHNICAL INQUIRIES TO THE BOILER ANDPRESSURE VESSEL STANDARDS COMMITTEES

1 INTRODUCTION

(a) The following information provides guidance to Code users for submitting technical inquiries to the committees. SeeGuideline on the Approval of New Materials Under the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code in Section II, Parts C and Dfor additional requirements for requests involving adding new materials to the Code. Technical inquiries include requestsfor revisions or additions to the Code rules, requests for Code Cases, and requests for Code Interpretations, as describedbelow.

(1) Code Revisions. Code revisions are considered to accommodate technological developments, address administra-tive requirements, incorporate Code Cases, or to clarify Code intent.

(2) Code Cases. Code Cases represent alternatives or additions to existing Code rules. Code Cases are written as aquestion and reply, and are usually intended to be incorporated into the Code at a later date. When used, Code Casesprescribe mandatory requirements in the same sense as the text of the Code. However, users are cautioned that notall jurisdictions or owners automatically accept Code Cases. The most common applications for Code Cases are:

(-a) to permit early implementation of an approved Code revision based on an urgent need

(-b) to permit the use of a new material for Code construction

(-c) to gain experience with new materials or alternative rules prior to incorporation directly into the Code

(3) Code Interpretations. Code Interpretations provide clarification of the meaning of existing rules in the Code, andare also presented in question and reply format. Interpretations do not introduce new requirements. In cases whereexisting Code text does not fully convey the meaning that was intended, and revision of the rules is required to supportan interpretation, an Intent Interpretation will be issued and the Code will be revised.

(b) The Code rules, Code Cases, and Code Interpretations established by the committees are not to be considered asapproving, recommending, certifying, or endorsing any proprietary or specific design, or as limiting in any way the free-dom of manufacturers, constructors, or owners to choose any method of design or any form of construction that conformsto the Code rules.

(c) Inquiries that do not comply with these provisions or that do not provide sufficient information for a committee’sfull understanding may result in the request being returned to the inquirer with no action.

2 INQUIRY FORMAT

Submittals to a committee shall include:

(a) Purpose. Specify one of the following:

(1) revision of present Code rules

(2) new or additional Code rules

(3) Code Case

(4) Code Interpretation

(b) Background. Provide the information needed for the committee’s understanding of the inquiry, being sure toinclude reference to the applicable Code Section, Division, Edition, Addenda (if applicable), paragraphs, figures, andtables. Preferably, provide a copy of the specific referenced portions of the Code.

(c) Presentations. The inquirer may desire or be asked to attend a meeting of the committee to make a formal presenta-tion or to answer questions from the committee members with regard to the inquiry. Attendance at a committee meetingshall be at the expense of the inquirer. The inquirer’s attendance or lack of attendance at a meeting shall not be a basis foracceptance or rejection of the inquiry by the committee.

xv

3 CODE REVISIONS OR ADDITIONS

Requests for Code revisions or additions shall provide the following:(a) Proposed Revisions or Additions. For revisions, identify the rules of the Code that require revision and submit a copy

of the appropriate rules as they appear in the Code, marked up with the proposed revision. For additions, provide therecommended wording referenced to the existing Code rules.(b) Statement of Need. Provide a brief explanation of the need for the revision or addition.(c) Background Information. Provide background information to support the revision or addition, including any data or

changes in technology that form the basis for the request that will allow the committee to adequately evaluate theproposed revision or addition. Sketches, tables, figures, and graphs should be submitted as appropriate. When applicable,identify any pertinent paragraph in the Code that would be affected by the revision or addition and identify paragraphs inthe Code that reference the paragraphs that are to be revised or added.

4 CODE CASES

Requests for Code Cases shall provide a Statement of Need and Background Information similar to that defined in 3(b)and 3(c), respectively, for Code revisions or additions. The urgency of the Code Case (e.g., project underway or imminent,new procedure, etc.) must be defined and it must be confirmed that the request is in connection with equipment that willbear the Certification Mark, with the exception of Section XI applications. The proposed Code Case should identify theCode Section and Division, and be written as a Question and a Reply in the same format as existing Code Cases. Requestsfor Code Cases should also indicate the applicable Code Editions and Addenda (if applicable) to which the proposed CodeCase applies.

5 CODE INTERPRETATIONS

(a) Requests for Code Interpretations shall provide the following:(1) Inquiry. Provide a condensed and precise question, omitting superfluous background information and, when pos-

sible, composed in such a way that a “yes” or a “no” Reply,with brief provisos if needed, is acceptable. The question shouldbe technically and editorially correct.

(2) Reply. Provide a proposed Reply that will clearly and concisely answer the Inquiry question. Preferably, the Replyshould be “yes” or “no,” with brief provisos if needed.

(3) Background Information. Provide any background information that will assist the committee in understandingthe proposed Inquiry and Reply.(b) Requests for Code Interpretations must be limited to an interpretation of a particular requirement in the Code or a

Code Case. The committee cannot consider consulting type requests such as the following:(1) a review of calculations, design drawings, welding qualifications, or descriptions of equipment or parts to deter-

mine compliance with Code requirements;(2) a request for assistance in performing any Code-prescribed functions relating to, but not limited to, material se-

lection, designs, calculations, fabrication, inspection, pressure testing, or installation;(3) a request seeking the rationale for Code requirements.

6 SUBMITTALS

Submittals to and responses from the committees shall meet the following:(a) Submittal. Inquiries from Code users shall be in English and preferably be submitted in typewritten form; however,

legible handwritten inquiries will also be considered. They shall include the name, address, telephone number, fax num-ber, and e-mail address, if available, of the inquirer and be mailed to the following address:SecretaryASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel CommitteeTwo Park AvenueNew York, NY 10016-5990As an alternative, inquiries may be submitted via e-mail to: SecretaryBPV@asme.org.(b) Response. The Secretary of the appropriate committee shall acknowledge receipt of each properly prepared inquiry

and shall provide a written response to the inquirer upon completion of the requested action by the committee.

xvi

ð13Þ PERSONNELASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees,

Subgroups, and Working GroupsJanuary 1, 2013

TECHNICAL OVERSIGHT MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE (TOMC)

J. G. Feldstein, ChairT. P. Pastor, Vice ChairJ. S. Brzuszkiewicz, Staff SecretaryR. W. BarnesR. J. BasileJ. E. BateyT. L. BedeauxD. L. BergerD. A. CanonicoA. ChaudouetR. P. DeublerD. A. DouinR. E. GimpleM. GoldT. E. Hansen

J. F. HenryG. G. KarcherW. M. LundyJ. R. MackayU. R. MillerW. E. NorrisG. C. ParkM. D. RanaB. W. RobertsS. C. RobertsF. J. Schaaf, Jr.A. SelzB. F. ShelleyW. J. SperkoR. W. Swayne

HONORARY MEMBERS (MAIN COMMITTEE)

F. P. BartonR. J. CepluchT. M. CullenW. D. DotyJ. R. FarrG. E. FeigelR. C. GriffinO. F. Hedden

M. H. JawadA. J. JustinW. G. KnechtJ. LeCoffT. G. McCartyG. C. MillmanR. A. MoenR. F. Reedy, Sr.

ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE

J. G. Feldstein, ChairT. P. Pastor, Vice ChairJ. S. Brzuszkiewicz, Staff SecretaryR. W. BarnesJ. E. BateyT. L. BedeauxD. L. Berger

J. F. Henry

U. R. Miller

G. C. Park

M. D. Rana

B. F. Shelley

W. J. Sperko

MARINE CONFERENCE GROUP

H. N. Patel, ChairJ. S. Brzuszkiewicz, Staff SecretaryJ. G. Hungerbuhler, Jr.

G. NairJ. D. Reynolds

CONFERENCE COMMITTEE

D. A. Douin — Ohio, SecretaryJ. T. Amato — MinnesotaB. P. Anthony — Rhode IslandR. D. Austin — ArizonaG. Baumgardner — MichiganW. K. Brigham — New HampshireC. W. Bryan — TennesseeM. A. Burns — FloridaJ. H. Burpee — MaineC. B. Cantrell — NebraskaD. C. Cook — CaliforniaB. J. Crawford — GeorgiaE. L. Creaser — New Brunswick,Canada

W. E. Crider, Jr. — VermontP. L. Dodge — Nova Scotia, CanadaS. Donovan — NorthwestTerritories, Canada

D. Eastman — Newfoundland andLabrador, Canada

B. Fierheller — Manitoba, CanadaC. Fulton — AlaskaG. M. Given, Jr. — North CarolinaM. Graham — OregonR. J. Handy — KentuckyD. R. Hannon — ArkansasE. G. Hilton — VirginiaI. M. Hinkle — South DakotaE. Hurd — British Colombia,Canada

D. T. Jagger — OhioD. J. Jenkins — KansasA. P. Jones — TexasL. R. Kline — PennsylvaniaM. R. Klosterman — IowaK. J. Kraft — Maryland

K. T. Lau — Alberta, CanadaB. E. Logan — MassachusettsW. McGivney — New YorkS. V. Nelson — ColoradoC. C. Novak — IllinoisT. Oda — WashingtonW. R. Owens — LouisianaR. P. Pate — AlabamaR. L. Perry — NevadaJ. F. Porcella — West VirginiaD. C. Price — Yukon Territories,Canada

D. Pringnitz — OklahomaR. S. Pucek — WisconsinR. D. Reetz — North DakotaC. F. Reyes — CaliforniaT. W. Rieger — Manitoba, CanadaK. A. Rudolph — HawaiiM. J. Ryan — IllinoisM. H. Sansone — New YorkT. S. Scholl — Ontario, CanadaG. Scribner — MissouriC. S. Selinger — Saskatchewan,Canada

R. Spiker — North CarolinaT. Stewart — MontanaR. K. Sturm — UtahS. R. Townsend — Prince EdwardIsland, Canada

W. Vallance — MichiganM. J. Verhagen — WisconsinM. Washington — New JerseyK. L. Watson — MississippiR. W. Whitman, Jr. — DelawareD. J. Willis — Indiana

INTERNATIONAL INTEREST REVIEW GROUP

V. FelixY.-G. KimS. H. LeongW. LinO. F. Manafa

C. MinuT. S. G. NarayannenY.-W. ParkR. ReynagaP. Williamson

xvii

PROJECT TEAM ON HYDROGEN TANKS

A. P. Amato, Staff SecretaryF. L. BrownD. A. CanonicoD. C. CookJ. CoursenJ. W. FelbaumN. L. NewhouseA. S. OlivaresG. B. Rawls, Jr.B. F. ShelleyJ. R. Sims, Jr.N. SiroshJ. H. SmithS. StaniszewskiT. TaharaD. W. Treadwell

E. Upitis

C. T. I. Webster

W. Yoru

R. C. Biel, Contributing Member

M. Duncan, Contributing Member

D. R. Frikken, Contributing Member

L. E. Hayden, Jr., ContributingMember

K. T. Lau, Contributing Member

K. Nibur, Contributing Member

K. Oyamada, Contributing Member

C. H. Rivkin, Contributing Member

C. San Marchi, ContributingMember

B. Somerday, Contributing Member

COMMITTEE ON POWER BOILERS (BPV I)

D. L. Berger, ChairR. E. McLaughlin, Vice ChairU. D'Urso, Staff SecretaryJ. L. ArnoldS. W. CameronD. A. CanonicoK. K. ColemanP. D. EdwardsP. FalloueyJ. G. FeldsteinG. W. GalanesT. E. HansenJ. F. HenryJ. S. HunterW. L. LowryJ. R. MacKay

F. MassiP. A. MolvieY. OishiE. M. OrtmanJ. T. PillowB. W. RobertsR. D. Schueler, Jr.J. M. TanzoshD. E. TuttleR. V. WielgoszinskiD. J. WillisG. Ardizzoia, DelegateH. Michael, DelegateD. N. French, Honorary MemberT. C. McGough, Honorary MemberR. L. Williams, Honorary Member

Subgroup on Design (BPV I)

P. A. Molvie, ChairJ. Vattappilly, SecretaryD. I. AndersonP. DhorajiaJ. P. GlaspieG. B. KomoraJ. C. Light

B. W. Moore

D. A. Olson

R. D. Schueler, Jr.

S. V. Torkildson

M. Wadkinson

C. F. Jeerings, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Fabrication and Examination (BPV I)

J. T. Pillow, ChairJ. L. Arnold, SecretaryG. W. Galanes, SecretaryD. L. BergerS. W. CameronK. CraverG. T. DunkerP. F. Gilston

J. Hainsworth

T. E. Hansen

C. T. McDaris

R. E. McLaughlin

R. J. Newell

Y. Oishi

R. V. Wielgoszinski

Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV I)

R. E. McLaughlin, ChairT. E. Hansen, Vice ChairF. Massi, SecretaryP. D. EdwardsW. L. LowryE. M. OrtmanJ. T. Pillow

D. TompkinsS. V. TorkildsonD. E. TuttleM. WadkinsonR. V. WielgoszinskiD. J. WillisC. F. Jeerings, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Heat Recovery Steam Generators (BPV I)

T. E. Hansen, ChairS. V. Torkildson, SecretaryJ. L. ArnoldJ. P. BellB. G. CarsonL. R. DouglasJ. GertzG. B. Komora

C. T. McDaris

B. W. Moore

Y. Oishi

E. M. Ortman

R. D. Schueler, Jr.

D. Tompkins

B. C. Turczynski

Subgroup on Locomotive Boilers (BPV I)

L. Moedinger, ChairS. M. Butler, SecretaryP. BoschanJ. BraunR. C. Franzen, Jr.D. W. GrinerS. D. JacksonM. A. JanssenS. A. Lee

G. M. Ray

J. E. Rimmasch

R. D. Schueler, Jr.

R. B. Stone

M. W. Westland

W. L. Withuhn

R. Yuill

R. D. Reetz, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Materials (BPV I)

G. W. Galanes, ChairK. K. Coleman, Vice ChairJ. S. Hunter, SecretaryS. H. BowesD. A. CanonicoP. FalloueyK. L. HayesJ. F. Henry

O. X. Li

J. R. MacKay

F. Masuyama

D. W. Rahoi

B. W. Roberts

J. M. Tanzosh

J. Vattappilly

Subgroup on Piping (BPV I)

D. Tompkins, ChairB. Mollitor, SecretaryD. L. BergerJ. A. ByersP. D. Edwards

G. W. GalanesT. E. HansenT. G. KosmatkaW. L. LowryF. Massi

Subgroup on Solar Boilers (BPV I)

J. S. Hunter, ChairS. V. Torkildson, SecretaryG. W. GalanesR. E. HearneD. J. Koza

J. C. LightY. MagenF. MassiM. J. SlaterJ. T. Trimble, Jr.

xviii

Task Group on Modernization of BPVC Section I

D. I. Anderson, ChairU. D’Urso, Staff SecretaryJ. L. ArnoldS. W. CameronG. W. GalanesJ. P. GlaspieJ. F. Henry

R. E. McLaughlin

P. A. Molvie

E. M. Ortman

J. T. Pillow

B. W. Roberts

D. E. Tuttle

COMMITTEE ON MATERIALS (BPV II)

J. F. Henry, ChairD. W. Rahoi, Vice ChairN. Lobo, Staff SecretaryF. AbeA. AppletonJ. CameronD. A. CanonicoA. ChaudouetP. FalloueyJ. R. FouldsD. W. GandyM. H. GilkeyM. GoldJ. F. GrubbJ. A. HallM. KatcherF. MasuyamaR. K. NanstadB. W. RobertsE. ShapiroM. H. Skillingberg

M. J. SlaterR. C. SutherlinR. W. SwindemanJ. M. TanzoshD. TylerD. Kwon, DelegateO. Oldani, DelegateW. R. Apblett, Jr., ContributingMember

H. D. Bushfield, ContributingMember

M. L. Nayyar, Contributing MemberE. G. Nisbett, Contributing MemberE. Upitis, Contributing MemberT. M. Cullen, Honorary MemberW. D. Doty, Honorary MemberW. D. Edsall, Honorary MemberG. C. Hsu, Honorary MemberR. A. Moen, Honorary MemberC. E. Spaeder, Jr., Honorary MemberA. W. Zeuthen, Honorary Member

Subgroup on External Pressure (BPV II)

R. W. Mikitka, ChairD. L. Kurle, Vice ChairJ. A. A. Morrow, SecretaryL. F. CampbellD. S. GriffinJ. F. GrubbJ. R. Harris III

M. H. Jawad

C. R. Thomas

M. Wadkinson

M. Katcher, Contributing Member

C. H. Sturgeon, ContributingMember

Subgroup on Ferrous Specifications (BPV II)

A. Appleton, ChairS. Hochreiter, SecretaryB. M. DingmanM. J. DosdourianP. FalloueyJ. D. FritzT. GrahamJ. M. GrockiJ. F. GrubbK. M. HottleD. S. JanikowskiL. J. Lavezzi

W. C. MackJ. K. MahaneyA. S. MelilliE. G. NisbettK. E. OrieJ. ShickE. UpitisJ. D. WilsonP. WittenbachR. ZawieruchaR. M. Davison, ContributingMember

Subgroup on International Material Specifications (BPV II)

A. Chaudouet, ChairO. X. Li, Vice ChairT. F. Miskell, SecretaryS. W. CameronD. A. CanonicoP. FalloueyA. F. GarbolevskyD. O. Henry

M. Ishikawa

W. M. Lundy

A. R. Nywening

R. D. Schueler, Jr.

E. Upitis

O. Oldani, Delegate

H. Lorenz, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Nonferrous Alloys (BPV II)

R. C. Sutherlin, ChairH. AnadaJ. CallandD. DenisM. H. GilkeyJ. F. GrubbA. HeinoM. KatcherJ. KissellT. M. MalotaJ. A. McMaster

L. PaulD. W. RahoiW. RenE. ShapiroM. H. SkillingbergD. TylerR. ZawieruchaW. R. Apblett, Jr., ContributingMember

H. D. Bushfield, ContributingMember

Subgroup on Physical Properties (BPV II)

J. F. Grubb, ChairH. D. BushfieldD. Denis

P. FalloueyE. Shapiro

Subgroup on Strength, Ferrous Alloys (BPV II)

J. M. Tanzosh, ChairM. J. Slater, SecretaryF. AbeH. AnadaD. A. CanonicoA. Di RienzoP. FalloueyJ. R. FouldsM. GoldJ. A. HallJ. F. Henry

K. Kimura

F. Masuyama

D. W. Rahoi

B. W. Roberts

J. P. Shingledecker

R. W. Swindeman

T. P. Vassallo, Jr.

W. R. Apblett, Jr., ContributingMember

H. Murakami, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Strength of Weldments (BPV II & BPV IX)

W. F. Newell, Jr., ChairS. H. BowesK. K. ColemanP. D. FlennerJ. R. FouldsD. W. GandyM. GoldK. L. Hayes

J. F. Henry

D. W. Rahoi

B. W. Roberts

J. P. Shingledecker

W. J. Sperko

J. P. Swezy, Jr.

J. M. Tanzosh

Working Group on Materials Database (BPV II)

R. W. Swindeman, ChairN. Lobo, Staff SecretaryF. AbeJ. R. FouldsM. GoldJ. F. HenryM. Katcher

B. W. RobertsR. C. SutherlinD. Andrei, Contributing MemberW. Hoffelner, Contributing MemberT. Lazar, Contributing MemberD. T. Peters, Contributing MemberW. Ren, Contributing Member

xix

China International Working Group (BPV II)

T. Xu, SecretaryW. FangS. HuoS. LiM. LuB. ShouS. TanC. WangX. WangZ. WuF. Yang

G. YangR. YeL. YinH. ZhangX.-H ZhangYingkai ZhangYong ZhangQ. ZhaoS. ZhaoR. ZhouJ. Zou

COMMITTEE ON CONSTRUCTION OF NUCLEAR FACILITYCOMPONENTS (III)

R. W. Barnes, ChairJ. R. Cole, Vice ChairA. Byk, Staff SecretaryT. AdamsA. AppletonW. H. BorterT. D. BurchellR. P. DeublerA. C. EberhardtB. A. ErlerG. M. FosterR. S. Hill IIIW. HoffelnerR. M. JesseeR. I. JetterR. B. KeatingG. H. KooV. KostarevW. C. LaRochelleK. A. ManolyD. E. MatthewsW. N. McLeanJ. C. Minichiello

M. N. MitchellM. MorishitaD. K. MortonT. NagataR. F. Reedy, Sr.I. SaitoC. T. SmithW. K. Sowder, Jr.W. J. SperkoJ. D. StevensonK. R. WichmanC. S. WithersY. H. Choi, DelegateT. Ius, DelegateH.-T. Wang, DelegateC. C. Kim, Contributing MemberE. B. Branch, Honorary MemberG. D. Cooper, Honorary MemberW. D. Doty, Honorary MemberD. F. Landers, Honorary MemberR. A. Moen, Honorary MemberC. J. Pieper, Honorary Member

Subgroup on Containment Systems for Spent Fuel and High-LevelWaste Transport Packagings (BPV III)

G. M. Foster, ChairG. J. Solovey, Vice ChairD. K. Morton, SecretaryG. AbramczykD. J. AmmermanG. BjorkmanW. H. BorterG. R. CannellR. S. Hill IIIS. Horowitz

D. W. LewisP. E. McConnellA. B. MeichlerR. E. NickellE. L. PleinsT. SaegusaN. M. SimpsonR. H. SmithJ. D. StevensonC. J. Temus

Subgroup on Component Design (BPV III)

R. S. Hill III, ChairT. M. Adams, Vice ChairS. Pellet, SecretaryG. A. AntakiS. AsadaC. W. BrunyJ. R. ColeA. A. DermenjianR. P. DeublerP. HirschbergR. I. JetterR. B. KeatingH. KobayashiR. A. LadefianK. A. Manoly

R. J. MastersonD. E. MatthewsW. N. McLeanJ. C. MinichielloT. NagataA. N. NguyenE. L. PleinsI. SaitoG. C. SlagisJ. D. StevensonJ. P. TuckerK. R. WichmanC. WilsonJ. YangD. F. Landers, Contributing Member

Working Group on Supports (SG-D) (BPV III)

R. J. Masterson, ChairU. S. Bandyopadhyay, SecretaryK. AvrithiT. H. BakerF. J. BirchR. P. Deubler

A. N. NguyenI. SaitoJ. R. StinsonT. G. TerryahG. Z. TokarskiC.-I. Wu

Working Group on Core Support Structures (SG-D) (BPV III)

J. Yang, ChairJ. F. Kielb, SecretaryF. G. Al-ChammasD. Keck

H. S. MehtaM. D. SnyderA. TsirigotisJ. T. Land, Contributing Member

Working Group on Design Methodology (SG-D) (BPV III)

R. B. Keating, ChairS. D. Snow, SecretaryK. AvrithiR. D. BlevinsM. R. BreachD. L. CaldwellH. T. Harrison IIIP. HirschbergM. KassarJ. KimH. KobayashiJ. F. McCabeA. N. NguyenW. D. Reinhardt

D. H. Roarty

E. A. Rodriguez

P. K. Shah

J. D. Stevenson

A. Tsirigotis

S. Wang

T. M. Wiger

K. Wright

J. Yang

M. K. Au-Yang, ContributingMember

D. F. Landers, Contributing Member

W. S. Lapay, Contributing Member

Working Group on Design of Division 3 Containments(SG-D) (BPV III)

E. L. Pleins, ChairD. J. AmmermanG. BjorkmanS. HorowitzD. W. LewisJ. C. Minichiello

D. K. MortonC. J. TemusI. D. McInnes, Contributing MemberR. E. Nickell, Contributing MemberH. P. Shrivastava, ContributingMember

xx

Working Group on Piping (SG-D) (BPV III)

G. A. Antaki, ChairG. Z. Tokarski, SecretaryT. M. AdamsC. BasavarajuJ. CatalanoF. ClaeysJ. R. ColeR. G. GiladaM. A. GrayR. W. HauptP. HirschbergM. KassarJ. KawahataR. B. KeatingV. KostarevY. Liu

J. F. McCabeJ. C. MinichielloI.-K. NamE. R. NelsonA. N. NguyenM. S. SillsG. C. SlagisN. C. SutherlandE. A. WaisC.-I. WuD. F. Landers, Contributing MemberJ. J. Martinez, Contributing MemberR. D. Patel, Contributing MemberN. J. Shah, Contributing MemberE. C. Rodabaugh, Honorary Member

Working Group on Probabilistic Methods in Design (SG-D) (BPV III)

R. S. Hill III, ChairN. A. Palm, SecretaryT. AsayamaK. AvrithiB. M. AyyubM. R. GraybealD. O. HenryS. D. Kulat

A. McNeill III

M. Morishita

P. J. O'Regan

I. Saito

A. Tsirigotis

R. M. Wilson

D. Hofer, Contributing Member

Working Group on Pumps (SG-D) (BPV III)

R. A. Ladefian, ChairP. W. BehnkeR. E. Cornman, Jr.M. D. EftychiouA. FraserM. A. GaydonR. Ghanbari

M. HiguchiJ. W. LeavittS. MauvaisR. A. PatrickJ. SulleyR. UdoA. G. Washburn

Working Group on Valves (SG-D) (BPV III)

J. P. Tucker, ChairJ. O'Callaghan, SecretaryG. A. JollyJ. KleinW. N. McLeanT. A. McMahon

C. A. Mizer

K. E. Reid II

S. N. Shields

H. R. Sonderegger

P. Vock

Working Group on Vessels (SG-D) (BPV III)

D. E. Matthews, ChairR. M. Wilson, SecretaryC. BasavarajuC. W. BrunyJ. V. Gregg, Jr.W. J. HeilkerW. T. Jessup, Jr.A. KalninsR. B. Keating

D. Keck

O.-S. Kim

K. Matsunaga

P. K. Shah

C. Turylo

D. Vlaicu

W. F. Weitze

T. Yamazaki

Special Working Group on Environmental Effects (SG-D) (BPV III)

W. Culp, ChairB. D. Frew, SecretaryK. AvrithiW. J. HeilkerR. S. Hill III

J. E. NestellW. Z. NovakM. S. SheltonY. H. Choi, Delegate

Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV III & 3C)

R. P. McIntyre, ChairL. M. Plante, SecretaryV. ApostolescuA. AppletonJ. R. BerryJ. V. GardinerG. GrattiJ. W. HighlandsG. L. HollingerG. V. ImbroK. A. Kavanagh

W. C. LaRochelleM. R. MinickE. C. RenaudD. J. RoszmanC. T. SmithW. K. Sowder, Jr.G. E. SzabaturaT. G. TerryahD. M. VickeryC. S. WithersH. Michael, Delegate

Working Group on Duties and Responsibilities (SG-GR) (BPV III)

J. V. Gardiner, ChairG. L. Hollinger, SecretaryJ. R. BerryY. Diaz-CastilloE. L. FarrowG. Gratti

K. A. Kavanagh

L. M. Plante

D. J. Roszman

S. Scardigno

T. G. Terryah

Working Group on Quality Assurance, Certification, and Stamping(SG-GR) (BPV III)

C. T. Smith, ChairC. S. Withers, SecretaryV. ApostolescuA. AppletonS. BellB. K. BoboS. M. GoodwinJ. W. HighlandsR. P. McIntyre

M. R. MinickR. B. PatelE. C. RenaudJ. RogersW. K. Sowder, Jr.J. F. StrunkM. F. SullivanG. E. SzabaturaD. M. Vickery

Special Working Group on Regulatory Interface (BPV III)

G. V. Imbro, ChairS. Bell, SecretaryA. CardilloA. A. DermenjianK. MatsunagaD. E. Matthews

J. A. Schulz

R. R. Stevenson

D. Terao

M. L. Wilson

R. A. Yonekawa

Subgroup on Materials, Fabrication, and Examination (BPV III)

R. M. Jessee, ChairS. Hunter, SecretaryW. H. BorterG. R. CannellR. H. DavisG. M. FosterB. D. FrewG. B. GeorgievS. E. GingrichC. C. Kim

M. LauH. MurakamiJ. OssmannC. PearceN. M. SimpsonW. J. SperkoJ. R. StinsonJ. F. StrunkK. B. StuckeyH. Michael, Delegate

xxi

Subgroup on Pressure Relief (BPV III)

J. F. Ball, ChairA. L. Szeglin

D. G. Thibault

Executive Committee on Strategy and Project Management(BPV III, Divisions 1 and 2)

J. R. Cole, ChairC. A. Sanna, Staff SecretaryT. AdamsR. W. BarnesB. K. BoboN. BroomB. A. ErlerC. M. FaidyR. S. Hill IIIE. V. ImbroR. M. JesseeR. B. Keating

G. H. KooK. A. ManolyD. K. MortonJ. RamirezR. F. Reedy, Sr.C. T. SmithW. K. Sowder, Jr.Y. UrabeC. S. WithersC. YanM. F. Sullivan, ContributingMember

China International Working Group (BPV III)

J. Yan, ChairW. Tang, Vice ChairC. A. Sanna, Staff SecretaryY. He, SecretaryH. GeZ. HanJ. JianY. JingF. KaiD. KangY. LeeX. LiB. LiangH. LinS. LinJ. LiuS. LiuW. LiuK. Mao

G. SunG. TangY. TuY. WangH. WuX. WuZ. WuS. XueZ. YanC. YeZ. YinS. ZaozhanG. ZhangK. ZhangW. ZhangG. ZhaoW. ZhaoY. ZhongZ. Zhong

Korea International Working Group (BPV III)

G. H. Koo, ChairH. S. ByunJ.-Y. HongN.-S. HuhS. S. HwangC. JangI. I. JeongH. J. KimJ. KimO.-S. KimY.-B. KimD. Kwon

B. Lee

D. Lee

S. Lee

D. J. Lim

I.-K. Nam

B. Noh

C.-K. Oh

C. Park

J.-S. Park

S. Song

O. Yoo

Special Working Group for New Advanced Light Water Reactor PlantConstruction Issues (BPV III)

E. L. Pleins, ChairM. C. Scott, SecretaryA. CardilloB. GilliganJ. HoncharikG. V. ImbroY. KatsuraO.–S KimM. Kris

J. C. Minichiello

D. W. Sandusky

C. A. Sanna

R. R. Stevenson

E. R. Willis

M. L. Wilson

J. Yan

J. A. Schulz, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Editing and Review (BPV III)

D. K. Morton, ChairR. L. BrattonR. P. DeublerA. C. EberhardtR. I. JetterJ. C. Minichiello

L. M. Plante

R. F. Reedy, Sr.

W. K. Sowder, Jr.

J. D. Stevenson

C. Wilson

Subgroup on Management Resources (BPV III)

R. M. Jessee, ChairJ. F. BernardoL. C. CadwalladerJ. B. CarrM. CusickH. S. FarrowS. FincherJ. FinkL. HartlessM. A. Hayes, Jr.M. HokazonoB. N. JuarezY. S. Kim

J. M. LyonsB. McGloneA. A. MostalaM. OsterfossJ. D. PasekC. PearceJ. RogersB. S. SandhuV. SuriZ. TaylorJ. Webb, Jr.R. A. WestR. Z. Ziegler

Working Group on International Meetings (BPV III)

R. S. Hill III, ChairA. Byk, Staff SecretaryT. D. BurchellJ. R. ColeR. L. Crane

G. M. FosterM. N. MitchellR. F. Reedy, Sr.C. A. SannaC. T. Smith

Subgroup on Polyethylene Pipe (BPV III)

T. M. Adams, ChairD. Burwell, SecretaryW. I. AdamsC. BasavarajuS. J. BorosJ. M. CraigE. L. FarrowE. M. FochtM. GollietA. N. HaddadP. KrishnaswamyM. LashleyE. Lever

K. LivelyM. MartinE. W. McElroyD. P. MunsonT. M. MustoJ. E. O’SullivanF. J. Schaaf, Jr.H. E. SvetlikM. TroughtonD. M. VickeryZ. J. ZhouL. J. Petroff, AlternateS. Sandstrum, Alternate

xxii

Working Group on Research and Development

A. N. Haddad, ChairW. I. AdamsA. AmatoS. J. BorosJ. M. CraigE. M. FochtR. M. JesseeD. KellerM. LambornS. LeflerE. Lever

K. Lively

K. A. Manoly

L. Mizell

D. P. Munson

T. M. Musto

F. J. Schaaf, Jr.

M. Troughton

Z. J. Zhou

L. J. Petroff, Alternate

S. Sandstrum, Alternate

Working Group on Nondestructive Examination and Fusion of HDPE(BPV III)

M. Lashley, ChairW. H. BorterJ. M. CraigN. Y. FaranssoN. A. FinneyJ. F. Halley

R. M. JesseeM. D. MolesF. J. Schaaf, Jr.J. C. Spanner, Jr.Z. J. ZhouD. K. Zimmerman

Working Group on High Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactors (BPV III)

J. E. Nestell, ChairN. BroomT. D. BurchellR. S. Hill IIIW. HoffelnerE. V. ImbroR. I. JetterY. W. Kim

T. R. Lupold

S. N. Malik

D. L. Marriott

D. K. Morton

T.-L. Sham

Y. Tachibana

T. Yuhara

Subgroup on Graphite Core Components (BPV III)

T. D. Burchell, ChairM. N. Mitchell, Vice ChairC. A. Sanna, Staff SecretaryR. L. Bratton, SecretaryT. AlbersA. AppletonS.-H. ChiA. CovacM. W. DaviesS. W. DomsS. F. DuffyB. D. FrewO. Gelineau

S. T. GonczyM. P. HindleyY. KatohN. N. NemethT. OkuJ. OssmannM. RoemmlerN. SalstromT. ShibataM. SrinivasanA. G. SteerS. WendelS. Yu

Subgroup on Industry Experience for New Plants (BPV III & BPV XI)

G. M. Foster, ChairJ. T. Lindberg, ChairH. L. Gustin, SecretaryV. L. ArmentroutT. L. ChanD. R. GrahamP. J. HennesseyD. O. HenryJ. HoncharikE. V. ImbroC. G. Kim

O.-S. KimK. MatsunagaD. E. MatthewsR. E. McLaughlinJ. OssmannE. L. PleinsD. W. SanduskyD. M. SwannT. TsurutaE. R. WillisS. M. Yee

Subgroup on Fusion Energy Devices (BPV III)

W. K. Sowder, Jr., ChairD. Andrei, Staff SecretaryD. J. Roszman, SecretaryR. W. BarnesM. HiguchiG. HoltmeierK. A. KavanaghH. J. Kim

S. Lee

G. Li

X. Li

P. Mokaria

S. J. Salvador

M. Trosen

I. J. Zatz

Subgroup on High-Temperature Reactors (BPV III)

M. Morishita, ChairR. I. Jetter, Vice ChairT.-L. Sham, SecretaryN. BroomT. D. Burchell

W. HoffelnerG. H. KooD. K. MortonJ. E. NestellN. N. Ray

Working Group on High Temperature Liquid-Cooled Reactors (BPVIII)

T.-L. Sham, ChairT. Asayama, SecretaryR. W. BarnesP. CarterC. M. FaidyW. HoffelnerA. B. Hull

R. I. JetterG. H. KooM. LiS. MajumdarM. MorishitaJ. E. NestellD. K. Williams

Subgroup on Elevated Temperature Design (BPV III)

R. I. Jetter, ChairT.-L. Sham, SecretaryJ. J. Abou-HannaT. AsayamaC. Becht IVF. W. BrustP. CarterJ. F. CervenkaD. S. GriffinB. F. HantzW. Hoffelner

A. B. HullM. H. JawadG. H. KooW. J. KovesM. LiS. MajumdarD. L. MarriottT. E. McGreevyJ. E. NestellW. J. O'DonnellR. W. Swindeman

Working Group on High Temperature Flaw Evaluation (BPV III)

F. W. Brust, ChairN. BroomP. CarterW. HoffelnerS. N. Malik

D. L. RudlandP. J. RushD.-J. ShimS. X. Xu

Working Group on Allowable Stress Criteria (BPV III)

R. W. Swindeman, ChairM. Li, SecretaryJ. R. FouldsK. KimuraS. N. Malik

J. E. NestelW. RenB. W. RobertsT.-I Sham

Working Group on Analysis Methods (BPV III)

P. Carter, ChairM. R. BeachR. I. Jetter

S. KrishnamurthyT.-I ShamD. K. Williams

xxiii

Working Group on Creep-Fatigue and Negligible Creep (BPV III)

T. Asayama, ChairM. Li, SecretaryF. W. BrustR. I. Jetter

G. H. KooS. N. MalikT.-I Sham

Subgroup on Fatigue Strength (BPV III)

W. J. O'Donnell, ChairS. A. AdamsG. S. ChakrabartiT. M. DamianiP. R. DonavinS. R. GosselinR. J. GurdalC. F. Heberling IIC. E. HinnantD. P. Jones

G. KharshafdjianS. MajumdarS. N. MalikR. NayalD. H. RoartyM. S. SheltonG. TaxacherA. TsirigotisK. WrightH. H. Ziada

Working Group on Environmental Fatigue Evaluation Methods(BPV III)

T. M. AdamsS. AsadaK. AvrithiJ. R. ColeC. M. FaidyT. D. GilmanS. R. GosselinM. A. GrayY. He

H. S. Mehta

J.-S. Park

V. S. Ready

D. H. Roarty

I. Saito

D. Vlaicu

W. F. Weitze

K. Wright

Subcommittee on Design (BPV III)

R. P. Deubler, ChairG. L. Hollinger, SecretaryT. M. AdamsG. A. AntakiR. L. BrattonR. S. Hill IIIP. HirschbergM. H. JawadR. I. JetterR. B. Keating

R. A. Ladefian

K. A. Manoly

R. J. Masterson

D. E. Matthews

M. N. Mitchell

W. J. O’Donnell

E. L. Pleins

J. P. Tucker

J. Yang

Special Working Group on HDPE Design of Components (BPV III)

T. M. Adams, ChairT. M. Musto, SecretaryW. I. AdamsT. A. BaconC. BasavarajuD. BurwellP. KrishnaswamyM. Martin

E. W. McElroyJ. C. MinichielloD. P. MunsonJ. OssmannL. J. PetroffH. E. SvetlikK. LivelyL. Mizell

Special Working Group on Computational Modeling for ExplicitDynamics (BPV III)

G. Bjorkman, ChairD. J. Ammerman, SecretaryG. BrozJ. JordanD. MolitorisJ. Piotter

P. Y.-K. Shih

S. D. Snow

C.-F Tso

M. C. Yaksh

U. Zencker

Subgroup on Elevated Temperature Construction (BPV III)

M. H. Jawad, ChairB. Mollitor, SecretaryD. I. AndersonR. G. BrownJ. P. GlaspieB. F. Hantz

R. I. JetterS. KrishnamurthyD. L. MarriottM. N. MitchellD. K. MortonC. Nadarajah

Subcommittee on General Requirements (BPV III)

W. C. LaRochelle, ChairA. Appleton, SecretaryJ. V. GardinerR. P. McIntyre

L. M. PlanteC. T. SmithD. M. Vickery

JOINT ACI-ASME COMMITTEE ON CONCRETE COMPONENTS FORNUCLEAR SERVICE (BPV 3C)

A. C. Eberhardt, ChairC. T. Smith, Vice ChairA. Byk, Staff SecretaryN. AlchaarJ. F. ArtusoC. J. BangF. FarzamP. S. GhosalM. F. HessheimerB. D. HovisT. C. InmanO. JovallN.-H. LeeJ. McLeanJ. Munshi

N. OrbovicB. B. ScottJ. D. StevensonJ. F. StrunkT. TonyanT. J. Ahl, Contributing MemberT. D. Al-Shawaf, ContributingMember

B. A. Erler, Contributing MemberJ. Gutierrez, Contributing MemberT. E. Johnson, Contributing MemberT. Muraki, Contributing MemberM. R. Senecal, Contributing MemberM. K. Thumm, ContributingMember

Working Group on Design (BPV 3C)

J. Munshi, ChairN. AlchaarS. BaeL. J. ColarussoJ. ColinaresA. C. EberhardtF. FarzamP. S. GhosalM. F. HessheimerB. D. Hovis

T. C. Inman

O. Jovall

N.-H Lee

J. D. Stevenson

T. E. Johnson, Contributing Member

B. R. Laskewitz, ContributingMember

M. K. Thumm, ContributingMember

Working Group on Materials, Fabrication, and Examination (BPV 3C)

J. F. Artuso, ChairP. S. Ghosal, Vice ChairM. AllamA. C. EberhardtJ. Gutierrez

B. B. ScottC. T. SmithJ. F. StrunkT. Tonyan

Working Group on Modernization (BPV 3C)

O. Jovall, ChairJ. McLean, SecretaryA. AdediranN. AlchaarJ. F. ArtusoJ. J. BraunJ. Colinares

J.-B Domage

N. Orbovic

C. T. Smith

M. A. Ugalde

S. Wang

U. Ricklefs, Contributing Member

xxiv

COMMITTEE ON HEATING BOILERS (BPV IV)

T. L. Bedeaux, ChairJ. A. Hall, Vice ChairG. Moino, Staff SecretaryJ. CallandJ. P. ChicoineC. M. DoveB. G. FrenchA. HeinoB. J. IskeD. J. JenkinsM. R. KlostermanK. M. McTague

P. A. Molvie

B. W. Moore

R. E. Olson

T. M. Parks

M. Wadkinson

R. V. Wielgoszinski

H. Michael, Delegate

D. Picart, Delegate

J. L. Kleiss, Alternate

M. T. Roby, Alternate

W. L. Haag, Jr., Honorary Member

Subgroup on Care and Operation of Heating Boilers (BPV IV)

M. Wadkinson, ChairT. L. BedeauxJ. CallandJ. A. Hall

M. R. KlostermanP. A. MolvieB. W. MooreT. M. Parks

Subgroup on Cast Iron Boilers (BPV IV)

K. M. McTague, ChairT. L. Bedeaux, Vice ChairJ. P. ChicoineC. M. DoveJ. M. Downs

B. G. FrenchJ. A. HallJ. L. KleissM. R. KlostermanM. T. Roby, Alternate

Subgroup on Materials (BPV IV)

J. A. Hall, ChairM. Wadkinson, Vice ChairJ. CallandJ. M. Downs

B. J. IskeJ. L. KleissE. Rightmier

Subgroup on Water Heaters (BPV IV)

J. Calland, ChairJ. P. ChicoineB. G. FrenchB. J. Iske

K. M. McTagueR. E. OlsonT. E. TrantM. T. Roby, Alternate

Subgroup on Welded Boilers (BPV IV)

J. Calland, ChairT. L. BedeauxB. G. FrenchJ. L. KleissM. R. Klosterman

P. A. MolvieR. E. OlsonM. WadkinsonR. V. WielgoszinskiJ.-M. Andre, Contributing Member

COMMITTEE ON NONDESTRUCTIVE EXAMINATION (BPV V)

J. E. Batey, ChairF. B. Kovacs, Vice ChairJ. S. Brzuszkiewicz, Staff SecretaryS. J. AkrinC. A. AndersonA. S. BirksP. L. BrownM. A. BurnsB. CaccamiseN. Y. FaranssoN. A. FinneyA. F. GarbolevskyG. W. HembreeJ. W. Houf

R. W. Kruzic

J. R. McGimpsey

M. D. Moles

A. B. Nagel

T. L. Plasek

F. J. Sattler

G. M. Gatti, Delegate

X. Guiping, Delegate

B. D. Laite, Alternate

H. C. Graber, Honorary Member

O. F. Hedden, Honorary Member

J. R. MacKay, Honorary Member

T. G. McCarty, Honorary Member

Subgroup on General Requirements/Personnel Qualifications andInquiries (BPV V)

F. B. Kovacs, ChairS. J. AkrinC. A. AndersonJ. E. BateyA. S. BirksN. Y. Faransso

N. A. FinneyG. W. HembreeJ. W. HoufJ. P. Swezy, Jr., ContributingMember

Subgroup on Surface Examination Methods (BPV V)

S. J. Akrin, ChairA. S. BirksP. L. BrownB. CaccamiseN. Y. FaranssoN. FarenbaughN. A. FinneyG. W. Hembree

S. Johnson

R. W. Kruzic

B. D. Laite

L. E. Mullins

A. B. Nagel

F. J. Sattler

G. M. Gatti, Delegate

Subgroup on Volumetric Methods (BPV V)

G. W. Hembree, ChairS. J. AkrinJ. E. BateyP. L. BrownB. CaccamiseN. Y. FaranssoN. A. FinneyA. F. GarbolevskyJ. F. HalleyR. W. Hardy

S. JohnsonF. B. KovacsR. W. KruzicJ. R. McGimpseyM. D. MolesL. E. MullinsA. B. NagelT. L. PlasekF. J. SattlerG. M. Gatti, Delegate

Working Group on Acoustic Emissions (SG-VM) (BPV V)

N. Y. Faransso, ChairJ. E. Batey, Vice Chair

S. R. DoctorR. K. Miller

Working Group on Radiography (SG-VM) (BPV V)

F. B. Kovacs, ChairS. J. AkrinJ. E. BateyP. L. BrownB. CaccamiseN. Y. FaranssoA. F. GarbolevskyR. W. HardyG. W. Hembree

S. Johnson

R. W. Kruzic

B. D. Laite

S. Mango

J. R. McGimpsey

R. J. Mills

A. B. Nagel

T. L. Plasek

xxv

Working Group on Ultrasonics (SG-VM) (BPV V)

N. A. Finney, ChairJ. F. Halley, Vice ChairB. CaccamiseK. J. ChizenN. Y. FaranssoO. F. HeddenS. Johnson

R. W. Kruzic

B. D. Laite

M. D. Moles

L. E. Mullins

A. B. Nagel

F. J. Sattler

Working Group on Guided Wave Ultrasonic Testing (SG-VM) (BPV V)

N. Y. Faransso, ChairJ. E. Batey, Vice ChairD. AlleyneJ. F. HalleyS. Johnson

G. M. LightM. D. MolesP. MudgeM. J. QuarryJ. Vanvelsor

COMMITTEE ON PRESSURE VESSELS (VIII)

U. R. Miller, ChairR. J. Basile, Vice ChairS. J. Rossi, Staff SecretaryT. Schellens, Staff SecretaryV. BogosianJ. CameronA. ChaudouetD. B. DeMichaelJ. P. GlaspieM. GoldJ. F. GrubbL. E. Hayden, Jr.G. G. KarcherK T. LauR. MahadeenR. W. MikitkaK. MokhtarianC. C. NeelyT. W. NortonT. P. PastorD. T. Peters

M. J. PischkeM. D. RanaG. B. Rawls, Jr.F. L. RichterS. C. RobertsC. D. RoderyA. SelzJ. R. Sims, Jr.E. SoltowD. A. SwansonJ. P. Swezy, Jr.S. TeradaE. UpitisP. A. McGowan, DelegateH. Michael, DelegateK. Oyamada, DelegateM. E. Papponetti, DelegateD. Rui, DelegateT. Tahara, DelegateW. S. Jacobs, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Design (BPV VIII)

R. J. Basile, ChairJ. C. Sowinski, Vice ChairM. D. Lower, SecretaryO. A. BarskyM. R. BreachF. L. BrownJ. R. FarrB. F. HantzC. E. HinnantM. H. JawadD. L. KurleR. W. MikitkaU. R. MillerK. MokhtarianT. P. PastorM. D. RanaG. B. Rawls, Jr.

S. C. RobertsC. D. RoderyS. C. ShahD. A. SwansonJ. VattappillyR. A. WhippleA. A. Gibbs, DelegateK. Oyamada, DelegateM. E. Papponetti, DelegateM. Faulkner, CorrespondingMember

C. S. Hinson, CorrespondingMember

W. S. Jacobs, CorrespondingMember

A. Selz, Corresponding MemberK. K. Tam, Corresponding Member

Working Group on Design-By-Analysis (BPV III)

B. F. Hantz, ChairT. W. Norton, SecretaryR. G. BrownR. D. DixonC. E. HinnantM. H. JawadS. Krishnamurthy

A. Mann

G. A. Miller

C. Nadarajah

M. D. Rana

T. G. Seipp

S. Terada

Subgroup on Fabrication and Inspection (BPV VIII)

C. D. Rodery, ChairJ. P. Swezy, Jr., Vice ChairB. R. Morelock, SecretaryJ. L. ArnoldL. F. CampbellH. E. GordonD. I. MorrisM. J. PischkeM. J. RiceB. F. Shelley

P. L. Sturgill

T. Tahara

E. A. Whittle

K. Oyamada, Delegate

R. Uebel, Delegate

W. J. Bees, Corresponding Member

E. Upitis, Corresponding Member

W. S. Jacobs, Contributing Member

J. Lee, Contributing Member

Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV VIII)

S. C. Roberts, ChairD. B. DeMichael, Vice ChairF. L. Richter, SecretaryR. J. BasileV. BogosianD. T. DavisJ. P. GlaspieL. E. Hayden, Jr.K. T. LauM. D. Lower

C. C. Neely

A. S. Olivares

J. C. Sowinski

P. Speranza

D. B. Stewart

D. A. Swanson

R. Uebel

A. H. Gibbs, Delegate

K. Oyamada, Delegate

Taskgroup on U-2(g) (BPV VIII)

S. R. BabkaR. J. BasileD. K. ChandiramaniR. MahadeenU. R. MillerT. W. NortonT. P. Pastor

R. F. Reedy, Sr.S. C. RobertsJ. R. Sims, Jr.D. SrnicD. A. SwansonR. UebelK. K. Tam

Subgroup on Heat Transfer Equipment (BPV VIII)

R. Mahadeen, ChairG. Aurioles, Sr., Vice ChairF. E. Jehrio, SecretaryS. R. BabkaJ. H. BarbeeO. A. BarskyI. G. CampbellA. ChaudouetM. D. ClarkJ. I. GordonM. J. HoltzG. G. KarcherD. L. KurleB. J. Lerch

P. Matkovics

S. Mayeux

U. R. Miller

T. W. Norton

K. Oyamada

D. Srnic

A. M. Voytko

R. P. Wiberg

F. Osweiller, CorrespondingMember

S. Yokell, Corresponding Member

R. Tiwari, Contributing Member

S. M. Caldwell, Honorary Member

xxvi

Subgroup on High Pressure Vessels (BPV VIII)

D. T. Peters, ChairR. T. Hallman, Vice ChairA. P. Maslowski, Staff SecretaryL. P. AntalffyR. C. BielP. N. ChakuR. CordesR. D. DixonL. FridlundD. M. FryerA. H. HonzaM. M. JamesJ. A. KappJ. KeltjensA. K. KhareS. C. Mordre

G. T. NelsonE. A. RodriguezE. D. RollJ. R. Sims, Jr.D. L. StangF. W. TatarS. TeradaJ. L. TraudR. WinkK. J. YoungK. Oyamada, DelegateR. M. Hoshman, ContributingMember

G. J. Mraz, Contributing MemberD. J. Burns, Honorary MemberE. H. Perez, Honorary Member

Subgroup on Materials (BPV VIII)

J. F. Grubb, ChairJ. Cameron, Vice ChairP. G. Wittenbach, SecretaryA. Di RienzoJ. D. FritzM. GoldM. KatcherW. M. LundyD. W. Rahoi

R. C. SutherlinE. UpitisK. XuK. Oyamada, DelegateE. G. Nisbett, CorrespondingMember

G. S. Dixit, Contributing MemberJ. A. McMaster, ContributingMember

Subgroup on Toughness (BPV II & BPV VIII)

D. A. Swanson, ChairJ. P. Swezy, Jr., Vice ChairJ. L. ArnoldR. J. BasileJ. CameronH. E. GordonW. S. JacobsD. L. Kurle

K. MokhtarianC. C. NeelyM. D. RanaF. L. RichterE. UpitisJ. VattappillyK. XuK. Oyamada, Delegate

Special Working Group on Graphite Pressure Equipment (BPV VIII)

E. Soltow, ChairG. C. BechererT. F. BonnF. L. Brown

R. W. DickersonS. MaloneM. R. MinickA. A. Stupica

Special Working Group on Bolted Flanged Joints (BPV VIII)

R. W. Mikitka, ChairG. D. BibelW. BrownW. J. Koves

M. MorishitaJ. R. PayneG. B. Rawls, Jr.M. S. Shelton

Task Group on Design (BPV VIII)

J. Keltjens, ChairR. C. BielD. J. BurnsR. CordesR. D. DixonL. FridlundD. M. FryerR. T. HallmanS. C. MordreG. T. Nelson

E. H. Perez

D. T. Peters

E. D. Roll

K. C. Simpson

J. R. Sims, Jr.

D. L. Stang

S. Terada

J. L. Traud

R. Wink

Task Group on Materials (BPV VIII)

F. W. Tatar, ChairL. P. AntalffyP. N. Chaku

M. M. JamesJ. A. KappA. K. Khare

Task Group on Impulsively Loaded Vessels (BPV VIII)

E. A. Rodriguez, ChairP. O. Leslie, SecretaryG. A. AntakiJ. K. AsahinaD. D. BarkerD. W. BowmanA. M. ClaytonJ. E. Didlake, Jr.T. A. DuffeyB. L. HaroldsenH. L. HeatonD. Hilding

K. W. King

R. Kitamura

R. A. Leishear

R. E. Nickell

F. Ohlson

C. Romero

N. Rushton

J. E. Shepherd

Q. Dong, Corresponding Member

M. Yip, Corresponding Member

C. R. Vaught, Alternate

COMMITTEE ON WELDING, BRAZING, AND FUSING (BPV IX)

W. J. Sperko, ChairD. A. Bowers, Vice ChairS. J. Rossi, Staff SecretaryM. BernasekR. K. Brown, Jr.M. L. CarpenterJ. G. FeldsteinP. D. FlennerR. M. JesseeJ. S. LeeW. M. LundyT. MelfiW. F. Newell, Jr.B. R. Newmark

A. S. OlivaresM. J. PischkeM. J. RiceM. B. SimsM. J. StankoJ. P. Swezy, Jr.P. L. Van FossonR. R. YoungA. Roza, DelegateM. Consonni, Contributing MemberS. A. Jones, Contributing MemberW. D. Doty, Honorary MemberS. D. Reynolds, Jr., HonoraryMember

Subgroup on Brazing (BPV IX)

M. J. Pischke, ChairE. W. BeckmanL. F. Campbell

M. L. CarpenterA. F. GarbolevskyJ. P. Swezy, Jr.

Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV IX)

B. R. Newmark, ChairE. W. BeckmanG. ChandlerP. R. EvansA. HowardR. M. JesseeA. S. Olivares

D. K. Peetz

H. B. Porter

P. L. Sturgill

K. R. Willens

E. W. Woelfel

E. Molina, Delegate

xxvii

Subgroup on Materials (BPV IX)

M. Bernasek, ChairT. AndersonJ. L. ArnoldM. L. CarpenterE. CutlipS. S. FioreS. E. GingrichR. M. JesseeC. C. Kim

T. Melfi

M. J. Pischke

C. E. Sainz

W. J. Sperko

M. J. Stanko

P. L. Sturgill

R. R. Young

V. G. V. Giunto, Delegate

Subgroup on Performance Qualification (BPV IX)

D. A. Bowers, ChairM. J. Rice, SecretaryV. A. BellM. A. BoringR. B. CorbitP. D. Flenner

K. L. Hayes

J. S. Lee

W. M. Lundy

E. G. Reichelt

M. B. Sims

Subgroup on Plastic Fusing (BPV IX)

M. L. Carpenter, ChairD. BurwellJ. M. CraigA. N. HaddadK. L. HayesR. M. JesseeE. LeverE. W. McElroy

J. E. O’SullivanE. G. ReicheltM. J. RiceP. L. SturgillJ. P. Swezy, Jr.E. W. WoelfelJ. C. MinichielloC. W. Rowley

Subgroup on Procedure Qualification (BPV IX)

D. A. Bowers, ChairM. J. Rice, SecretaryM. BernasekM. A. BoringR. K. Brown, Jr.W. M. LundyJ. R. McGimpseyW. F. Newell, Jr.

A. S. OlivaresS. RaghunathanM. B. SimsW. J. SperkoS. A. SpragueJ. P. Swezy, Jr.P. L. Van FossonT. C. Wiesner

COMMITTEE ON FIBER-REINFORCED PLASTIC PRESSURE VESSELS(BPV X)

D. Eisberg, ChairP. D. Stumpf, Staff SecretaryF. L. BrownJ. L. BustillosT. W. CowleyI. L. DinovoT. J. FowlerM. R. GormanD. H. HodgkinsonL. E. Hunt

D. L. KeelerB. M. LinnemannN. L. NewhouseD. J. PainterG. RamirezJ. R. RichterB. F. ShelleyF. W. Van NameD. O. Yancey, Jr.P. H. Ziehl

COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR INSERVICE INSPECTION (BPV XI)

G. C. Park, ChairR. W. Swayne, Vice ChairR. A. Yonekawa, Vice ChairR. L. Crane, Staff SecretaryJ. M. AgoldV. L. ArmentroutW. H. BamfordT. L. ChanR. C. CipollaD. D. DavisG. H. DeBooR. L. DyleE. V. Farrell, Jr.E. L. FarrowE. B. GerlachR. E. GimpleT. J. GriesbachK. HasegawaD. O. HenryR. D. KerrS. D. KulatG. L. Lagleder

D. W. LamondG. A. LofthusJ. E. O’SullivanR. K. RhyneD. A. ScarthF. J. Schaaf, Jr.J. C. Spanner, Jr.G. L. StevensD. E. WaskeyJ. G. WeicksC. J. WirtzT. YuharaH. D. Chung, DelegateC. Ye, DelegateR. A. West, Contributing MemberJ. Hakii, AlternateJ. T. Lindberg, AlternateW. E. Norris, AlternateC. D. Cowfer, Honorary MemberF. E. Gregor, Honorary MemberO. F. Hedden, Honorary MemberP. C. Riccardella, Honorary Member

Executive Committee (BPV XI)

R. A. Yonekawa, ChairG. C. Park, Vice ChairR. L. Crane, Staff SecretaryW. H. BamfordR. L. DyleM. J. FerlisiE. B. GerlachR. E. Gimple

S. D. Kulat

J. T. Lindberg

W. E. Norris

R. K. Rhyne

J. C. Spanner, Jr.

G. L. Stevens

R. W. Swayne

Subgroup on Evaluation Standards (SG-ES) (BPV XI)

W. H. Bamford, ChairG. L. Stevens, SecretaryH. D. ChungR. C. CipollaG. H. DeBooR. L. DyleB. R. GantaT. J. GriesbachK. HasegawaK. HojoD. N. HopkinsK. Koyama

D. R. Lee

R. O. McGill

H. S. Mehta

M. A. Mitchell

K. Miyazaki

R. Pace

S. Ranganath

D. A. Scarth

T. V. Vo

K. R. Wichman

S. X. Xu

Working Group on Flaw Evaluation (SG-ES) (BPV XI)

R. C. Cipolla, ChairS. X. Xu, SecretaryW. H. BamfordB. BezensekH. D. ChungG. H. DeBooB. R. GantaR. G. GiladaH. L. GustinF. D. HayesP. H. HoangK. HojoD. N. HopkinsK. KoyamaD. R. Lee

H. S. MehtaG. A. Miessi

K. MiyazakiR. K. Qashu

S. RanganathH. Rathbun

P. J. RushD. A. Scarth

W. L. ServerN. J. ShahT. V. Vo

K. R. WichmanG. M. Wilkowski

D. L. Rudland, Alternate

xxviii

Working Group on Operating Plant Criteria (SG-ES) (BPV XI)

T. J. Griesbach, ChairD. V. Sommerville, SecretaryW. H. BamfordH. BehnkeT. L. DicksonR. L. DyleS. R. GosselinM. Hayashi

H. S. MehtaM. A. MitchellR. PaceN. A. PalmS. RanganathW. L. ServerD. P. WeaklandT. Hardin, Alternate

Working Group on Pipe Flaw Evaluation (SG-ES) (BPV XI)

D. A. Scarth, ChairG. M. Wilkowski, SecretaryT. A. BaconW. H. BamfordB. BezensekH. D. ChungR. C. CipollaN. G. CofieJ. M. DavisG. H. DeBooB. R. GantaL. F. GoyetteK. HasegawaP. H. HoangK. Hojo

D. N. HopkinsE. J. Houston

K. KashimaR. O. McGill

H. S. MehtaG. A. A. Miessi

K. MiyazakiD. L. Rudland

P. J. RushD.-J. Shim

T. V. VoB. WasilukS. X. Xu

H. Rathbun, Alternate

Subgroup on Nondestructive Examination (SG-NDE) (BPV XI)

J. C. Spanner, Jr., ChairG. A. Lofthus, SecretaryT. L. ChanC. B. CheezemD. R. CordesF. E. DohmenM. E. GothardD. O. Henry

J. T. LindbergT. R. LupoldG. R. PerkinsS. A. SaboF. J. Schaaf, Jr.R. V. SwainG. TangC. J. Wirtz

Working Group on Personnel Qualification and Surface Visual andEddy Current Examination (SG-NDE) (BPV XI)

J. T. Lindberg, ChairD. R. Cordes, SecretaryS. E. CumblidgeN. FarenbaughD. O. HenryJ. W. Houf

J. C. Spanner, Jr.

J. T. Timm

M. C. Weatherly

M. L. Whytsell

C. J. Wirtz

Working Group on Procedure Qualification and VolumetricExamination (SG-NDE) (BPV XI)

G. A. Lofthus, ChairG. R. Perkins, SecretaryM. T. AndersonM. BrileyC. B. CheezemA. D. ChockieM. DennisS. R. DoctorF. E. DohmenM. E. Gothard

K. J. Hacker

D. B. King

D. A. Kull

C. A. Nove

S. A. Sabo

R. V. Swain

B. A. Thigpen

S. J. Todd

D. K. Zimmerman

Subgroup on Repair/Replacement Activities (SG-RRA) (BPV XI)

E. B. Gerlach, ChairE. V. Farrell, Jr., SecretaryS. B. BrownR. E. CantrellG. G. ElderP. D. FisherJ. M. GamberR. E. GimpleD. R. GrahamR. A. HermannK. J. Karwoski

R. D. KerrS. L. McCrackenB. R. NewtonJ. E. O'SullivanR. R. StevensonR. W. SwayneD. L. TillyD. E. WaskeyJ. G. WeicksR. A. YonekawaE. G. Reichelt, Alternate

Working Group on Welding and Special Repair Processes (SG-RRA)(BPV XI)

D. E. Waskey, ChairD. J. Tilly, SecretaryR. E. CantrellS. J. FindlanP. D. FisherM. L. HallR. A. HermannK. J. Karwoski

C. C. KimM. LauS. L. McCrackenD. B. MeredithB. R. NewtonJ. E. O'SullivanR. E. SmithJ. G. Weicks

Working Group on Nonmetals Repair/Replacement Activities(SG-RRA) (BPV XI)

J. E. O'Sullivan, ChairS. Schuessler, SecretaryE. W. McElroyT. M. Musto

B. B. RajiE. G. ReicheltF. J. Schaaf, Jr.Z. J. Zhou

Task Group on Repair by Carbon Fiber Composites(WGN-MRR) (BPV XI)

J. E. O'Sullivan, ChairM. GollietE. W. McElroy

B. B. RajiF. J. Schaaf, Jr.

Working Group on Design and Programs (SG-RRA) (BPV XI)

G. G. Elder, ChairS. B. Brown, SecretaryO. BhattyR. ClowJ. W. CollinsR. R. CroftE. V. Farrell, Jr.S. K. FisherJ. M. Gamber

E. B. GerlachD. R. GrahamG. F. HarttraftT. E. HissH. MalikowskiM. A. PyneR. R. StevensonR. W. SwayneR. A. Yonekawa

Subgroup on Water-Cooled Systems (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)

S. D. Kulat, ChairN. A. Palm, SecretaryJ. M. AgoldV. L. ArmentroutJ. M. BoughmanS. T. ChesworthD. D. DavisH. Q. DoE. L. FarrowM. J. Ferlisi

P. J. HennesseyD. W. LamondA. McNeill IIIT. NomuraW. E. NorrisG. C. ParkJ. E. StaffieraH. M. Stephens, Jr.R. TurnerH. L. Graves III, Alternate

xxix

Task Group on High Strength Nickel Alloys Issues (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)

V. L. Armentrout, ChairB. L. Montgomery, SecretaryW. H. BamfordP. R. DonavinR. L. DyleG. G. ElderR. E. GimpleR. Hardies

K. KoyamaM. LashleyG. C. ParkJ. M. ShupingJ. C. Spanner, Jr.K. B. StuckeyE. J. Sullivan, Jr.D. P. Weakland

Working Group on Containment (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)

J. E. Staffiera, ChairH. M. Stephens, Jr., SecretaryP. S. GhosalD. H. GocheH. L. Graves IIIH. T. HillR. D. HoughC. N. Krishnaswamy

D. J. Naus

F. Poteet III

A. A. Reyes-Cruz

E. A. Rodriguez

G. Thomas

S. G. Brown, Alternate

W. E. Norris, Alternate

Working Group on Inspection of Systems and Components(SG-WCS) (BPV XI)

J. M. Agold, ChairH. Q. Do, SecretaryV. L. ArmentroutC. Cueto-FelguerosoR. E. DayM. J. FerlisiR. Fougerousse

K. W. HallK. M. HoffmanS. D. KulatT. NomuraJ. C. NygaardR. RishelC. M. Ross

Working Group on Pressure Testing (SG-WCS) (BPV XI)

D. W. Lamond, ChairJ. M. Boughman, SecretaryY.-K. ChungT. CosteJ. A. DoughtyR. E. Hall

T. R. LupoldJ. K. McClanahanB. L. MontgomeryS. A. NormanP. N. PassalugoJ. A. Stevenson

Task Group on Buried Components Inspection and Testing(WG-PT) (BPV XI)

D. W. Lamond, ChairJ. M. Boughman, SecretaryC. BlackwelderB. Clark IIIG. C. CokerR. E. DayR. HardiesT. Ivy

A. Lee

E. J. Maloney

M. Moenssens

J. Ossmann

P. N. Passalugo

J. H. Riley

D. M. Swann

Working Group on Risk-Informed Activities (SGW-CS) (BPV XI)

M. A. Pyne, ChairS. T. Chesworth, SecretaryJ. M. AgoldC. Cueto-FelguerosoH. Q. DoR. FougerousseM. R. GraybealR. HaesslerJ. Hakii

K. W. HallS. D. KulatD. W. LamondR. K. MattuA. McNeill IIIP. J. O’ReganN. A. PalmD. VetterJ. C. Younger

Special Working Group on Editing and Review (BPV XI)

R. W. Swayne, ChairC. E. MoyerK. R. Rao

J. E. StaffieraD. J. TillyC. J. Wirtz

Special Working Group on Nuclear Plant Aging Management (BPV XI)

T. A. Meyer, ChairB. R. Snyder, SecretaryS. AsadaD. V. BurgessY.-K. ChungD. D. DavisR. L. DyleA. L. Hiser , Jr.

A. B. MeichlerR. E. NickellK. SakamotoW. L. ServerR. L. TurnerG. G. YoungZ. ZhongC. E. Carpenter, Alternate

Working Group on General Requirements (BPV XI)

R. K. Rhyne, ChairE. J. Maloney, SecretaryT. L. ChanE. L. FarrowR. FoxP. J. Hennessey

K. M. Herman

R. K. Mattu

C. E. Moyer

D. J. Potter

R. L. Williams

Special Working Group on Reliability and Integrity ManagementProgram (BPV XI)

F. J. Schaaf, Jr., ChairM. A. Lockwood, SecretaryN. BroomS. R. DoctorJ. FletcherM. R. GraybealJ. GrimmA. B. Hull

D. R. Lee

R. K. Miller

P. M. Mills

M. N. Mitchell

A. T. Roberts III

T. Roney

R. W. Swayne

COMMITTEE ON TRANSPORT TANKS (BPV XII)

M. D. Rana, ChairN. J. Paulick, Vice ChairT. Schellens, Staff SecretaryA. N. AntoniouJ. A. ByersW. L. GarfieldC. H. HochmanG. G. Karcher

J. R. McGimpseyM. PittsT. A. RogersA. SelzS. StaniszewskiA. P. VargheseM. R. WardM. D. Pham, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Design and Materials (BPV XII)

A. P. Varghese, ChairR. C. Sallash, SecretaryD. K. ChandiramaniP. ChilukuriT. HitchcockG. G. KarcherT. P. LokeyS. L. McWilliams

N. J. PaulickM. D. RanaT. A. RogersA. SelzM. R. WardK. XuJ. Zheng, Corresponding MemberM. D. Pham, Contributing Member

xxx

Subgroup on Fabrication, Inspection, and Continued Service(BPV XII)

M. Pitts, ChairP. Chilukuri, SecretaryS. E. BenetJ. A. ByersW. L. GarfieldT. P. Lokey

K. ManskerJ. R. McGimpseyA. S. OlivaresR. C. SallashS. StaniszewskiL. H. Strouse, Contributing Member

Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV XII)

W. L. Garfield, ChairS. E. Benet, SecretaryT. W. AlexanderA. N. AntoniouJ. L. FreilerC. H. HochmanJ. R. McGimpsey

M. Pitts

T. Rummel

R. C. Sallash

S. Staniszewski

K. L. Gilmore, Contributing Member

L. H. Strouse, Contributing Member

Subgroup on Nonmandatory Appendices (BPV XII)

T. A. Rogers, ChairS. Staniszewski, SecretaryS. E. BenetP. ChilukuriR. HayworthK. ManskerS. L. McWilliamsN. J. PaulickM. PittsR. C. Sallash

D. G. SheltonM. R. WardD. D. Brusewitz, ContributingMember

J. L. Conley, Contributing MemberT. Eubanks, Contributing MemberT. Hitchcock, Contributing MemberA. Selz, Contributing MemberA. P. Varghese, ContributingMember

COMMITTEE ON BOILER AND PRESSURE VESSEL CONFORMITYASSESSMENT (CBPVCA)

P. D. Edwards, ChairK. I. Baron, Staff SecretaryS. W. CameronM. A. DeVriesT. E. HansenD. J. JenkinsK. T. LauL. E. McDonaldK. M. McTagueD. MillerB. R. MorelockJ. D. O'LearyT. M. ParksB. C. TurczynskiD. E. TuttleE. A. Whittle

R. V. WielgoszinskiS. F. Harrison, Jr., ContributingMember

V. Bogosian, AlternateD. C. Cook, AlternateD. W. King, AlternateB. L. Krasiun, AlternateW. C. LaRochelle, AlternateP. F. Martin, AlternateK. McPhie, AlternateM. R. Minick, AlternateI. Powell, AlternateR. Pulliam, AlternateM. T. Roby, AlternateJ. A. West, AlternateA. J. Spencer, Honorary Member

COMMITTEE ON NUCLEAR CERTIFICATION (CNC)

W. C. LaRochelle, ChairR. R. Stevenson, Vice ChairE. Suarez, Staff SecretaryJ. DeKleineG. GobbiS. M. GoodwinJ. W. HighlandsK. A. HuberJ. C. KraneR. P. McIntyreM. R. MinickL. M. PlanteH. B. PrasseT. E. QuakaC. T. SmithD. M. VickeryC. S. WithersS. Yang

M. F. Sullivan, ContributingMember

S. Andrews, AlternateV. Bogosian, AlternateP. D. Edwards, AlternateD. P. Gobbi, AlternateK. M. Hottle, AlternateK. A. Kavanagh, AlternateB. G. Kovarik, AlternateM. A. Lockwood, AlternateR. J. Luymes, AlternateJ. Oyler, AlternateM. Paris, AlternateD. W. Stepp, AlternateA. Torosyan, AlternateE. A. Whittle, AlternateH. L. Wiger, Alternate

COMMITTEE ON SAFETY VALVE REQUIREMENTS (BPV-SVR)

J. A. West, ChairD. B. DeMichael, Vice ChairC. E. O’Brien, Staff SecretaryJ. F. BallS. CammeresiJ. A. CoxR. D. Danzy

R. J. DoellingJ. P. GlaspieS. F. Harrison, Jr.W. F. HartD. MillerT. PatelZ. Wang

Subgroup on Design (BPV-SVR)

R. D. Danzy, ChairC. E. BeairJ. A. ConleyR. J. Doelling

D. MillerT. PatelJ. A. West

Subgroup on General Requirements (BPV-SVR)

D. B. DeMichael, ChairJ. F. BallG. BrazierJ. Burgess

S. T. FrenchJ. P. GlaspieJ. W. RichardsonD. E. Tuttle

Subgroup on Testing (BPV-SVR)

J. A. Cox, ChairJ. E. BrittS. CammeresiJ. W. DicksonG. D. Goodson

W. F. HartB. K. NutterC. SharpeZ. WangA. Wilson

U.S. Technical Advisory Group ISO/TC 185 Safety Relief Valves

T. J. Bevilacqua, ChairC. E. O’Brien, Staff SecretaryJ. F. BallG. Brazier

D. B. DeMichaelD. MillerB. K. NutterJ. A. West

xxxi

ð13Þ INTRODUCTION

The following is provided as a brief introduction to Section IX, and cannot be considered as a substitute for the actualreview of the document. However, this introduction is intended to give the reader a better understanding of the purposeand organization of Section IX.Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code relates to the qualification of welders, welding operators, bra-

zers, brazing operators, and fusing machine operators, and the procedures employed in welding, brazing, or plastic fusingin accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code and the ASME B31 Code for Pressure Piping. As such, this isan active document subject to constant review, interpretation, and improvement to recognize new developments and re-search data. Section IX is a document referenced for the qualification of material joining processes by various constructioncodes such as Section I, III, IV, VIII, XII, etc. These particular construction codes apply to specific types of fabrication andmay impose additional requirements or exemptions to Section IX qualifications. Qualification in accordance with SectionIX is not a guarantee that procedures and performance qualifications will be acceptable to a particular construction code.Section IX does not contain rules for production joining, nor does it contain rules to cover all factors affecting produc-

tion material joining properties under all circumstances. Where such factors are determined by the organization to affectmaterial joining properties, the organization shall address those factors in the Procedure Specification to ensure that therequired properties are achieved in the production material joining process.The purpose of the Procedure Specification and the Procedure Qualification Record (PQR) is to ensure the material join-

ing process proposed for construction is capable of producing joints having the required mechanical properties for theintended application. Personnel performing the material joining procedure qualification test shall be sufficiently skilled.The purpose of the procedure qualification test is to establish the mechanical properties of the joint produced by the ma-terial joining process and not the skill of the personnel using the material joining process. In addition, special considera-tion is given when toughness testing is required by other Sections of the Code. The toughness supplementary essentialvariables do not apply unless referenced by the construction codes.The purpose of Performance Qualification is to determine the ability of the person using a material joining process to

produce a sound joint. In Operator Performance Qualification, the basic criterion is to determine the ability of the operatorto properly operate the equipment to produce a sound joint.In developing Section IX, each material joining process that is included was reviewed with regard to those factors

(called variables) which have an effect upon the material joining operations as applied to procedure or performancecriteria.The user of Section IX should be aware of how Section IX is organized. It is divided into four Parts: general require-

ments, welding, brazing, and plastic fusing. Each Part addressing a material joining process is then divided into Articles.The Articles for each material joining process deal with the following:(a) general requirements specifically applicable to the material joining process (Article I Welding, Article XI Brazing,

and Article XXI Plastic Fusing)(b) procedure qualifications (Article II Welding, Article XII Brazing, and Article XXII Plastic Fusing)(c) performance qualifications (Article III Welding, Article XIII Brazing, and Article XXIII Plastic Fusing)(d) data (Article IV Welding, Article XIV Brazing, and Article XXIV Plastic Fusing)(e) standard welding procedure specifications (Article V Welding)These articles contain general references and guides that apply to procedure and performance qualifications such as

positions, type and purpose of various mechanical tests, acceptance criteria, and the applicability of Section IX, whichpreviously appeared in the Preamble of the 1980 Edition of Section IX (the Preamble has since been deleted). The generalrequirement articles reference the data articles for specific details of the testing equipment and removal of the mechanicaltest specimens.

PROCEDURE QUALIFICATIONS

Each material joining process that has been evaluated and adopted by Section IX is listed separately with the essentialand nonessential variables as they apply to that particular process. In general, the Procedure Specifications are requiredto list all essential and nonessential variables for each process that is included under that particular procedure specifica-tion. When an essential variable must be changed beyond the range qualified and the change is not an editorial revision to

xxxii

correct an error, requalification of the procedure specification is required. If a change is made in a nonessential variable,the procedure need only be revised or amended to address the nonessential variable change. When toughness testing isrequired for Welding Procedure Specification (WPS) qualification by the construction code, the supplementary essentialvariables become additional essential variables, and a change in these variables requires requalification of the procedurespecification.

In addition to covering various processes, there are also rules for procedure qualification of corrosion-resistant weldmetal overlay and hard-facing weld metal overlay.

Beginning with the 2000 Addenda, the use of Standard Welding Procedure Specifications (SWPSs) was permitted.Article V provides the requirements and limitations that govern the use of these documents. The SWPSs approved foruse are listed in Mandatory Appendix E.

In the 2004 Edition, rules for temper bead welding were added.With the incorporation of the new Creep-Strength Enhanced Ferritic (CSEF) alloys in the 1986 Edition, using the exist-

ing P-Number groupings to specify PWHT parameters can lead to variations in heat treatments that may significantly de-grade the mechanical properties of these alloys. CSEF alloys are a family of ferritic steels whose creep strength isenhanced by the creation of a precise condition of microstructure, specifically martensite or bainite, which is stabilizedduring tempering by controlled precipitation of temper-resistant carbides, carbo-nitrides, or other stable phases.

In the 2007 Edition of the Code, only P-No. 5B, Group 2 base metals met this definition and were approved for Codeconstruction. Looking forward, a number of CSEF alloys are already in use in Code Cases and drawing near to incorpora-tion. To facilitate addressing their special requirements, P-No. 15A through P-No. 15F have been established for CSEFalloys.

In the 2013 Edition, Part QG General Requirements and Part QF Plastic Fusing were added.

PERFORMANCE QUALIFICATIONS

These articles list separately the various processes with the essential variables that apply to the performance qualifica-tions of each process. The performance qualifications are limited by essential variables.

The performance qualification articles have numerous paragraphs describing general applicable variables for all pro-cesses. QW-350, QB-350, and QF-360 list additional essential variables that are applicable for specific processes. TheQW-350 variables do not apply to welding operators. QW-360 lists the additional essential variables for weldingoperators.

Generally, a welder or welding operator may be qualified by mechanical bending tests, or volumetric NDE of a test cou-pon, or the initial production weld. Brazers or brazing operators and fusing machine operators may not be qualified byvolumetric NDE.

WELDING, BRAZING, AND FUSING DATA

The data articles include the variables grouped into categories such as joints, base materials and filler materials, posi-tions, preheat/postweld heat treatment, gas, electrical characteristics, and technique. They are referenced from other ar-ticles as they apply to each process.

These articles are frequently misused by selecting variables that do not apply to a particular process. Variables onlyapply as referenced for the applicable process in Article II or III for welding, Article XII or XIII for brazing, andArticle XXII or XXIII for plastic fusing. The user of Section IX should not apply any variable that is not referenced for thatprocess.

These articles also include assignments of welding and brazing P-Numbers to particular base materials and F-Numbersto filler materials. Article IV also includes A-Number tables for reference by the Code user.

Beginning with the 1994 Addenda, welding P-Numbers, brazing P-Numbers, and nonmandatory S-Numbers were con-solidated into one table identified as QW/QB-422. Both the QB-422 table (brazing P-Numbers) and Appendix C table(S-Numbers) were deleted. The new Table QW/QB-422 was divided into ferrous and nonferrous sections. Metals werelisted in numerical order by material specification number to aid users in locating the appropriate grouping number.An abbreviated listing of metals grouped by P-Numbers, Nonmandatory Appendix D, has been included for users stillwishing to locate groupings of metals by welding P-Number.

In the 2009 Addenda, S-Number base metals listed in the QW/QB-422 table were reassigned as P-Numbers and theS-Number listings and references were deleted.

The QW-451 and QB-451 tables for procedure qualification thickness requirements and the QW-452 and QB-452 tablesfor performance qualification thickness are given and may be used only as referenced by other paragraphs. Generally, theappropriate essential variables reference these tables.

xxxiii

Revisions to the 1980 Edition of Section IX introduced new definitions for position and added a fillet-weld orientationsketch to complement the groove-weld orientation sketch. The new revision to position indicates that a welder qualifies inthe 1G, 2G, 3G, etc., position and is then qualified to weld, in production, in the F, V, H, or O positions as appropriate.QW-461.9 is a revised table that summarizes these new qualifications.The data articles also give sketches of coupon orientations, removal of test specimens, and test jig dimensions. These

are referenced by Articles I, XI, and XXI.QW-470 describes etching processes and reagents.Within Part QG is a list of general definitions applicable to Section IX–adopted material joining processes. These may

differ slightly from other welding documents.Nonmandatory Forms for documenting procedure and performance qualifications are provided for the aid of those who

do not wish to design their own forms. Any form(s) that address all applicable requirements of Section IX may be used.

xxxiv

SUMMARY OF CHANGES

The 2013 Edition of this Code contains revisions in addition to the 2010 Edition with 2011 Addenda.

After publication of the 2013 Edition, Errata to the BPV Code may be posted on the ASME Web site to provide correctionsto incorrectly published items, or to correct typographical or grammatical errors in the BPV Code. Such Errata shall beused on the date posted.

Information regarding Special Notices and Errata is published on the ASME Web site under the BPVC Resources page athttp://www.asme.org/kb/standards/publications/bpvc-resources.

Changes given below are identified on the pages by a margin note, (13), placed next to the affected area.

The Record Numbers listed below are explained in more detail in “List of Changes in Record Number Order” following thisSummary of Changes.

Page Location Change (Record Number)

Cover and Title Page Section title and subtitle revised (12-1134)

x List of Sections Revised (12-749)

xii Foreword Revised in its entirety (09-760)

xv Submittal of TechnicalInquiries to the Boilerand Pressure VesselStandards Committees

Revised (12-1641)

xvii Personnel Updated

xxxii Introduction Revised in its entirety (12-383)

xlii Cross-Referencing andStylistic Changes in theBoi ler and PressureVessel Code

Added

1 Part QG Added (12-383, 12-1956)

14 QW-100 Revised (12-159, 12-383)

20 QW-191.1.2.2 (1) Subparagraph (b)(3) revised (11-1697)(2) Figure QW-192.2.2.2(b)(4) added (formerly, in Appendix I)

21 QW-191.2.1 Subparagraph (b) revised (12-383)

22 QW-191.2.2 Subparagraph (a) revised (12-383)

23 QW-193.1 Revised (11-2142)

24 QW-194 Revised (11-1145)

26 Appendix I Illustration designated as Figure QW-191.1.2.2(b)(4) and placedafter QW-191.1.2.2(b)(3) (11-1697)

27 QW-200.1 First paragraph, second paragraph of subpara. (b), and subpara. (d)revised (12-383)

27 QW-200.2 Revised (12-383)

28 QW-201 Revised in its entirety (12-383)

xxxv

Page Location Change (Record Number)

29 QW-202.1 Fifth paragraph revised (12-383)

31 QW-220 Added (09-298)

31 QW-221 Added (11-996)

54 Table QW-261 Rows for QW-403 revised (11-507)

57 Table QW-264 Revised (12-404, 11-2028)

58 Table QW-264.1 Revised (11-2028)

61 Table QW-267 Added (08-265)

62 Table QW-268 Added (09-298)

64 Table QW-269 Added (11-996)

66 Table QW-269.1 Added (11-996)

72 QW-290.5 Subparagraph (c) revised (10-33, 11-2062)

74 QW-300 (1) QW-300.2 and QW-300.3 redesignated as QG-106.2 andQG-106.3, respectively (12-383)

(2) In QW-301.2, first sentence revised and last paragraph deleted(12-383)

(3) QW-301.3 revised (12-383)(4) In QW-302.2, seventh line revised (11-1008)(5) In QW-303.3, first line revised (12-383)(6) QW-304.1(b) and QW-305.1(b) revised (11-1008)

76 QW-310 In QW-310.2 and QW-310.3, “manufacturer” revised to read“organization” (12-383, 12-1903)

77 QW-321.3 (1) Third line of subpara. (a) revised (11-1008)(2) In suparas. (b) and (c), “manufacturer” revised to read

“organization” (12-383, 12-1903)

77 QW-322.1 Subparagraphs (a)(1) and (a)(2) revised (12-383, 12-1903)

78 Table QW-356 Entry for “Brief of Variables” revised for QW-404.23 and Legendadded editorially (12-338)

79 Table QW-357 Entry for “Brief of Variables” revised for QW-404.23 (12-338)

79 QW-361 (1) QW-361.1(d) revised (09-298)(2) QW-361.2(h) revised (11-996)

79 QW-362 Title revised (09-298)

82 QW-402 QW-402.27 through QW-402.30 added (08-265, 09-298)

85 QW-403.30 Added (08-265)

85 QW-403.31 Added (09-298)

87 QW-404.23 Revised (10-1589)

87 QW-404.30 Revised (11-1469)

88 QW-404.54 Added (09-298)

88 QW-405.4 First line of subpara. (b) revised (12-383)

90 QW-408.13 Deleted (11-2028)

90 QW-408.26 Added (08-265)

xxxvi

Page Location Change (Record Number)

92 QW-410 (1) QW-410.69 deleted (11-2028)(2) QW-410.73 through QW-410.76 added (08-265)(3) QW-410.77 through QW-410.80 added (09-298)(4) QW-410.81 through QW-410.84 added (11-996)

95 Table QW-416 Entry under “Brief of Variables” revised for QW-404.23 (12-338)

96 QW-420 Seventh paragraph revised (12-1794)

Table QW/QB-422 (1) Revised (09-237, 09-1775, 10-1926, 11-191, 11-622, 11-653,11-677, 11-876, 11-998, 11-999, 11-1122, 11-1151, 11-1275,11-1572, 11-1943, 11-2027, 12-481, 12-713, 12-740, 12-1367,12-1393, 12-1774, 12-1954, 12-1955)

(2) Corrected by errata (11-130, 11-729, 12-1305, 12-1506, 12-2090)

166 QW-423.1 In-text table revised (12-2167)

166 QW-424.2 Added (10-1463)

167 Table QW-432 (1) F-No. 23, SFA-5.10, rows for AWS Classification ER4943 UNS No.A94943 and AWS Classification R4943 UNS No. A94943 added(12-1352)

(2) For F-No. 43, SFA-5.14, AWS Classification ERNiCrFe-14 UNSN06043 row added (12-152)

176 Table QW-442 Revised (10-1741)

177 Table QW-451.1 Note (6) added (11-1146)

178 Table QW-451.4 General Note added (12-65)

190 Figure QW-461.10 Added (08-265)

190 QW-462 First sentence revised (12-383)

192 Figure QW-462.1(d) General Note (e) added (12-224)

208 Table QW-462.10(a) Revised (10-1774)

209 Table QW-462.10(b) Revised (10-1774)

210 Table QW-462.10(c) Revised (10-1774)

222 Figure QW-466.1 For both Customary and SI Units tables, second row of Materialcolumn revised (10-2021)

228 QW-471 Revised (12-1569)

229 QW-490 (1) Redesignated as QG-109 (12-383)(2) Definitions for control method (FSW); control method, force

(FSW); control method, position (FSW); control method, travel(FSW) ; metal transfer mode (gas metal -arc welding) ;organization ; welding, hybrid ; welding, hybrid, processseparation; and welding, hybrid, process sequence added(08-265, 09-298, 10-2104, 11-2031, 12-383)

(3) Figures QW/QB-492.1 and QW/QB-492.2 redesignated asQG-109.2.1 and QG-109.2.2, respectively (12-383)

230 QW-510 Revised (12-383)

231 QW-540 Revised (12-383)

232 QB-100 Revised in its entirety (12-159, 12-383)

233 QB-141.4 Revised (11-1175)

xxxvii

Page Location Change (Record Number)

236 QB-200 (1) In QB-200.1 and QB-200.2, “manufacturer or contractor” revisedto read “organization” (12-383)

(2) First line of QB-200.2 revised (12-383)(3) QB-201 revised in its entirety (12-383)(4) In QB-202.1, last sentence of last paragraph revised (12-383)

242 QB-300 (1) QB-300.2 and QB-300.3 deleted (12-383)(2) QB-301.2, QB-301.3, and QB-303.4 revised (12-383)

245 QB-410.5 Revised (11-1537)

260 Figure QB-462.4 General Note revised (11-1175)

271 Part QF Added (11-568, 11-569, 11-570, 11-571, 12-159, 12-383, 12-1904,12-2292)

294 Mandatory Appendix A Deleted (12-1643)

296 Form QW-482 Revised (12-383, 11-1469)

298 Form QW-483 Revised (12-383)

300 Form QW-484A Revised (12-383)

301 Form QW-484B Revised (12-383)

302 Form QW-485 Revised (12-383)

304 Form QB-483 Revised (12-383)

305 Form QB-484 Revised (12-383)

306 Nonmandatory AppendixD

(1) Revised (09-237, 09-1775, 10-1926, 11-191, 11-622, 11-677,11-876, 11-998, 11-999, 11-1122, 11-1151, 11-1275, 11-1572,11-1943, 11-2027, 12-481, 12-713, 12-1367, 12-1393, 12-1506,12-1774, 12-1954)

(2) Corrected by errata (11-2201, 12-1506)

324 Mandatory Appendix E WPS replaced with SWPS throughout (11-1249)

332 H-500 First paragraph revised (12-383)

334 Nonmandatory AppendixK

Added (12-564)

NOTE: Volume 62 of the Interpretations to Section IX of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code follows the last page ofSection IX.

xxxviii

LIST OF CHANGES IN BC ORDER

Record Number Change

08-265 Added new Table QW-266 and paras. QW-402.27, QW-402.28, QW-402.29, QW-403.30,QW-410.73, QW-410.74, QW-410.75, and QW-410.76; added new definitions for control method(FSW), control method, force (FSW), control method, position (FSW), control method, travel (FSW),and welding, friction stir (FSW) in QW-492.

09-237 Added SA-387 9Cr-1Mo plate as Grade 9 Cl. 1 and Grade 9 Cl. 2 to Table QW/QB 422 and Ap-pendix D.

09-298 Added QW-220, QW-267, and QW-360 to incorporate hybrid laser welding.09-760 Added an introductory subtitle clarifying the purpose and limitations of the Foreword. Revised

history paragraph to recognize the realignment of the BPV into several BPV’s. Deleted the para-graph on tolerances. Made editorial changes to recognize the new committee structure. Deletedwords addressing governing code editions. Deleted paragraph concerning materials. Deleted theparagraph dealing with what the committee considers in the formulation of these rules.

09-1775 Revised QW/QB-422 and Nonmandatory Appendix D.10-33 Revised QW-290.5 and figures in QW-462.12.10-1463 Revised QW-424 to add a new para. QW-424.2 as shown in the proposal.10-1589 Revised QW-404.23 to add clarification.10-1741 Replaced ellipses with numeric values. Reduced significant figures to three for most elements,

and to two for Si. Added Note (2) to clarify intent of nonlisted elements.10-1774 Revised Tables QW-462.10(a), (b), and (c) to change the units from “kg” to “N.”10-1926 Revised SA/CSA-G40.21 Grades 44W and 50W material in QW/QB-422 and Appendix D.10-2021 Revised Table QW-466.1 to update P-Numbers.10-2104 Added the definition of “transfer mode” for GMAW to QW-492.11-130 Errata correction. See Summary of Changes for details.11-191 Assigned P-Numbers to SA-494 in QW/QB-422 and Appendix D.11-507 Revised QW-409.8 and QW-409.10.11-568 Incorporated new Article QF-100.11-569 Incorporated new Article QF-200.11-570 Incorporated new Article QF-300. Revised proposal includes QF-300 - Article redesignated from

QX to QF, rewrote QF-300.2 to be the same as QW-300.2 (welding requirements), revisedQF-302.2(a)(1) - changed QX-463 to QF-463(a), revised QF-302.2(a)(2) - changed QX-46X toQF-463(b), revised QF-302.2 - deleted QF-302.2(b) and removed FTT. Added QF-403.1 (2nd Col-umn) and Ø Pipe Material (3rd Column) in Table QF-360.

11-571 Incorporated new Article QF-400.11-622 Assigned welding and brazing P-Numbers (P-8, Grp. 4 and 102) along with ISO 15608 Group

(8.2) (QW/QB-422 and Appendix D) to (10) of the specifications referenced by Table 3 of theCode Case. P-Numbers were not assigned for SA-193 (Bolting) and SA-194 (Nuts).

11-653 Deleted current reference to SA-240 UNS 31050 Type 310MoLN from QW/QB 422 as shown inthe proposal file and added the dual reference for SA-240 UNS 31050 Type 310MoLN with ulti-mate tensile strengths of 78 and 84 ksi to QW/QB 422 as shown in the proposal file.

11-677 Assigned welding and brazing P-Numbers (P-10H, Grp. 1, and 102) along with ISO 15608 Group(10.1) (QW/QB-422 and Appendix D) to the (6) specifications referenced by the Code Case.

11-729 Errata correction. See Summary of Changes for details.11-876 Deleted SA-695 from Table QW/QB-422 and Appendix D.11-996 Added QW-221 and Table QW-468 to incorporate hybrid plasma GMAW. Revised text and tables

to incorporate ballot comments and input from Nashville 2012 meetings.Observed that para-graph QW-251.1 should be revised (see Project Manager notes, below).

11-998 Revised QW/QB-422 and Nonmandatory Appendix D.11-999 Assigned proposed Welding and brazing P-Numbers (P-10H, Grp. 1 and 102) along with ISO

15608 Group (10.1) (QW/QB-422 and Appendix D) to the (3) specifications referenced by theCode Case.

xxxix

Record Number Change

11-1008 Revised QW-302.2, QW-304.1, QW-305.1, and QW-321.3(a) to improve consistency and applymore logical requirements for volumetric examination when used for welder and welding opera-tor performance qualification.

11-1122 Added GB 713 Grades Q370R and 15CrMoR to QW/QB-422 and Appendix D.11-1145 Proposed additional acceptance criteria for visual examination of performance coupons.11-1146 Revised QW-451.1.11-1151 Revised A-213 and A-312 tube and pipe alloys P-numbers in Table QW/QB-422 and Appendix D.11-1175 Revised QB-141.4 and Figure QB-462.4.11-1249 Revised Appendix E to updated references.11-1275 Modified Table QW/QB-422 and Nonmandatory Appendix D.11-1469 Revised QW-404.30 and QW-482.11-1537 Revised QB-410.5.11-1572 Revised Table QW/QB-422 and Nonmandatory Appendix D.11-1697 Errata correction. See Summary of Changes for details.11-1943 Added ASTM A859 as SA-859 and assigned a P-No. to Table QW/QB-422 and Appendix D.11-2027 Added SA/NF A 36-215 Grade P440 NJ4 to QW/QB-422 and Appendix D.11-2028 Revised QW-264 and QW-264.1, and deleted QW-408.13 and QW-410.69.11-2031 Added definitions to QW/QB-492.11-2062 Added paragraph to QW-209.5(c).11-2142 Revised QW-193.1.11-2201 Errata correction. See Summary of Changes for details.12-65 Added General Note to Table QW-451.4.12-152 Added ERNiCrFe-14 to QW-432.12-159 Revised Scope paragraphs QW-101, QB-101, and QF-101.12-224 Added Note (e) to QW-462.1(d).12-338 Revised QW-356, QW-357, and QW-416.12-383 Added Part QG, General Requirements. Revised the Introduction, Part QW, and Part QB to elim-

inate redundancy with Part QG. Added a definition for the term organization. Globally revisedSection IX to replace the termsmanufacturer, contractor, assembler, installer, and fabricatorwiththe term organization.

12-404 Errata correction. See Summary of Changes for details.12-481 Added SA 533 Type E Cl 1 & 2 to Appendix D, and added SA 533 Type E Cl 1 & 2 to Table QW/

QB-422.12-564 Added Nonmandatory Appendix on Guidance on Invoking SC IX Requirements.12-713 Revised Table QW/QB-422 and Appendix D to include a number of ASTM specifications. The

changes to be voted on in the recirculation ballot are as follows:• changed “N08637” to “N08367” on pages 10, 12, 16, 17, 23, 24, and 35• changed “pipe” to “tube” for A789 S32205 on page 21• deleted the addition of “10H. . . .1. . . .A182. . . .S32205” on page 32 because it is already listed

as F6012-740 Added ISO 15608 Group numbers for SA/GB713 Q370R and SA/GB713 15CrMoR materials to

Table QW/QB-42212-1134 Added “Fusing” to title of Section IX Code Book.12-1305 Errata correction. See Summary of Changes for details..12-1352 Adopted AWS A5.10/A5.10M:2012 (ISO 18273:2004 MOD) in Modification to QW-432 to add

alloys to the F-number table.12-1367 Added and revised API 5L grades in QW/QB-422 and Appendix D.12-1393 Revised entire Table QW/QB-422 and Appendix D. Replaced all “SA-” with “A/SA-” and all “SB-”

with “B/SB-”. Deleted redundant ASTM A and B spec no.’s. Replaced ASTM A and B spec no’s with“A/SA-” and “B/SB-” for materials listed in Section II Part A and Part B.

12-1506 Errata correction. See Summary of Changes for details.12-1569 Revised QW-471.12-1643 Deleted Appendix A and added the requirements to the front matter.12-1774 Added A/SA 350 LF6 Cl 2 material to Table QW/QB-422 and Appendix D as a P-No 1 Group 3

material.

xl

Record Number Change

12-1794 Revised 7th paragraph of QW-420.12-1903 Revised QW-322.1(a)(1) and (a)(2).12-1904 Revised Part QF to incorporate Part QG.12-1954 Added UNS numbers in Table QW/QB 422 to SA-53 Type F, SA-134 (SA283GrA) and

(SA283GrB), SA-135 A and B, A139 A, SA-178 D, SA-182 F3VCb and F92, SA-336 F3VCb,A351 CE20N, SA-369 FP92, A451 CPE20N, SA-508 3VCb, SA-541 3VCb, SA-542 E, Cl. 4a, B361WP Alclad 3003, and B547 Alclad 3003. Deleted and replaced material grades with UNS num-bers in Appendix D for B361 and B547.

12-1955 Revised Table QW/QB-422 by deleting tensile strengths from A519.12-1956 Revise QG-106.3 and QG-106.3(f).12-2090 Errata correction. See Summary of Changes for details.12-2167 Errata correction. See Summary of Changes for details.12-2292 Errata correction. See Summary of Changes for details.

xli

ð13Þ CROSS-REFERENCING AND STYLISTIC CHANGES IN THE BOILERAND PRESSURE VESSEL CODE

There have been structural and stylistic changes to BPVC, starting with the 2011 Addenda, that should be noted to aidnavigating the contents. The following is an overview of the changes:

Subparagraph Breakdowns/Nested Lists Hierarchy

• First-level breakdowns are designated as (a), (b), (c), etc., as in the past.• Second-level breakdowns are designated as (1), (2), (3), etc., as in the past.• Third-level breakdowns are now designated as (-a), (-b), (-c), etc.• Fourth-level breakdowns are now designated as (-1), (-2), (-3), etc.• Fifth-level breakdowns are now designated as (+a), (+b), (+c), etc.• Sixth-level breakdowns are now designated as (+1), (+2), etc.

Footnotes

With the exception of those included in the front matter (roman-numbered pages), all footnotes are treated as end-notes. The endnotes are referenced in numeric order and appear at the end of each BPVC section/subsection.

Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees

Submittal of Technical Inquiries to the Boiler and Pressure Vessel Standards Committees has been moved to the frontmatter. This information now appears in all Boiler Code Sections (except for Code Case books).

Cross-References

It is our intention to establish cross-reference link functionality in the current edition and moving forward. To facilitatethis, cross-reference style has changed. Cross-references within a subsection or subarticle will not include the designator/identifier of that subsection/subarticle. Examples follow:• (Sub-)Paragraph Cross-References. The cross-references to subparagraph breakdowns will follow the hierarchy of the

designators under which the breakdown appears.– If subparagraph (-a) appears in X.1(c)(1) and is referenced in X.1(c)(1), it will be referenced as (-a).– If subparagraph (-a) appears in X.1(c)(1) but is referenced in X.1(c)(2), it will be referenced as (1)(-a).– If subparagraph (-a) appears in X.1(c)(1) but is referenced in X.1(e)(1), it will be referenced as (c)(1)(-a).– If subparagraph (-a) appears in X.1(c)(1) but is referenced in X.2(c)(2), it will be referenced as X.1(c)(1)(-a).

• Equation Cross-References. The cross-references to equations will follow the same logic. For example, if eq. (1)appears in X.1(a)(1) but is referenced in X.1(b), it will be referenced as eq. (a)(1)(1). If eq. (1) appears in X.1(a)(1) but is referenced in a different subsection/subarticle/paragraph, it will be referenced as eq. X.1(a)(1)(1).

xlii

ð13Þ PART QGGENERAL REQUIREMENTS

QG-100 SCOPE

(a) This Section contains requirements for the qualifi-cation of welders, welding operators, brazers, brazing op-erators, plastic fusing machine operators, and the materialjoining processes they use during welding, brazing, andfusing operations for the construction of components un-der the rules of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code,the ASME B31 Codes for Pressure Piping, and other Codes,standards, and specifications that reference this Section.This Section is divided into four parts.

(1) Part QG contains general requirements for allmaterial-joining processes.

(2) Part QW contains requirements for welding.(3) Part QB contains requirements for brazing.(4) Part QF contains requirements for plastic fusing.

(b) Whenever the referencing Code, standard, or speci-fication imposes requirements different than those givenin this Section, the requirements of the referencing Code,standard, or specification shall take precedence over therequirements of this Section.

(c) Some of the more common terms relating to mate-rial joining processes are defined in QG-109. Wheneverthe word “pipe” is used, “tube” shall also be applicable.

QG-101 PROCEDURE SPECIFICATION

A procedure specification is a written document provid-ing direction to the person applying the material joiningprocess. Details for the preparation and qualification ofprocedure specifications for welding (WPS), brazing(BPS), and fusing (FPS) are given in the respective Partsaddressing those processes. Procedure specifications usedby an organization (see QG-109.2) having responsibilityfor operational control of material joining processes shallhave been qualified by that organization, or shall be a stan-dard procedure specification acceptable under the rules ofthe applicable Part for the joining process to be used.

Procedure specifications address the conditions (in-cluding ranges, if any) under which the material joiningprocess must be performed. These conditions are referredto in this Section as “variables.”When a procedure specifi-cation is prepared by the organization, it shall address, asa minimum, the specific essential and nonessential vari-ables that are applicable to the material joining processto be used in production. When the referencing Code, stan-dard, or specification requires toughness qualification of

the material joining procedure, the applicable supplemen-tary essential variables shall also be addressed in theprocedure specification.

Procedure specifications written and qualified in accor-dance with the rules of this Section and personnel whoseperformance has been qualified to use the procedurespecification in accordance with these rules may be usedto construct components that comply with the require-ments of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code orthe ASME B31 Codes for Pressure Piping.

However, other Sections of the Code state the rules un-der which Section IX requirements are mandatory, inwhole or in part, and may give additional requirements.The reader is advised to take these provisions into consid-eration when using this Section.

QG-102 PROCEDURE QUALIFICATION RECORD

The purpose of qualifying the procedure specification isto demonstrate that the joining process proposed for con-struction is capable of producing joints having the re-quired mechanical propert ies for the intendedapplication. Qualification of the procedure specificationdemonstrates the mechanical properties of the joint madeusing a joining process, and not the skill of the personusing the joining process.

The procedure qualification record (PQR) documentswhat occurred during the production of a procedure qua-lification test coupon and the results of testing that cou-pon. As a minimum, the PQR shall document theessential procedure qualification test variables appliedduring production of the test joint, and the results of therequired tests. When toughness testing is required forqualification of the procedure specification, the applicablesupplementary essential variables shall be recorded foreach process. The organization shall certify the PQR by asignature or other means as described in the organiza-tion’s Quality Control System. The PQR shall be accessibleto the Authorized Inspector. A procedure specificationmay be supported by one or more PQR(s), and onePQR may be used to support one or more procedurespecification(s).

2013 SECTION IX

1