an experimental study on strengthening of … · and compaction factor test) and mechanical...

VOL. 12, NO. 8, APRIL 2017 ISSN 1819-6608

ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences

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AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTHENING OF CONCRETE MIXED WITH GROUND GRANULATED BLAST FURNACE SLAG (GGBS)

K. Prasanna1, K S Anandh1 and S. Ravishankar2

1Department of Civil Engineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India 2Rigid Pavement Division, Central Road Research Institute, New Delhi, India

E-Mail: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Cement is the most generally utilized simulated material and numerous as a part of profundity looking showing that it will keep on being so in the years to come all inclusive. Such adaptability of cement is on account of is produced using the fixings accessible locally or inside a monetary separation, viz., concrete, aggregates, and water. Progresses in solid innovation have prepared for making the best utilization of locally accessible materials by a sensible blend proportioning and appropriate workmanship, coming about, specifically, fulfilling execution prerequisite. In this assurance the different trademark quality properties s of M20 review blends with 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and half supplanting bond by mineral admixture Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag by receiving the water-binder proportion of 0.45. Conplast SP337 utilized as a super plasticizer for the better workability of cement. The tests after an effect of the solid example demonstrates the different attributes quality of cement were improved with the addition of GGBS as a partial substitution of bond. The power of workability of cement was enhanced with the expansion of GGBS in concrete as the entirety. To the extent a conservative purpose of concern the cost of GGBS in the market including bundling and transport is two times not as much as that of OPC. Hence in one cum of concrete, half supplanting of GGBS with OPC brings about 13.6% diminishment in the cost of cement. In the meantime solidness of genuine increments, because of an inborn property of GGBS to ensure concrete against substance erosion. Keywords: ground granulated blast furnace slag, concrete. 1. INTRODUCTION

Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) is a pneumatic folio, i.e. concrete, which has been known and utilized for a sesquicentenaries. It upgrades the quality and toughness of cement, and its generation is essentially CO2 free. Its numerous points of interest in delivering feasible, higher-quality cement, remain undervalued and underused. In an inexorably assets ecological obliged in the mindful world, all that is going to change. The impact heater slag is an after effect of the steel large scale manufacturing industry. Press metal, coke, and limestone were supported into the heater and the subsequent liquid slag glides over the liquid metal at a temperature of around 1500oC to 1600oC. The different synthetic structures of various proportions. After intensive washing the siliceous and aluminous opening is bringing about the production of a glass crush. At that point the substance is got dried out and ground to the suitable size, which is known as Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS). The creation of GGBS requires insufficient extra vitality as contrasted and the vitality required for the produce of Portland concrete. The reestablishment of Portland concrete with GGBS will lead an earth advantageous development material. It can be utilized to supplant as much as 80% of the Portland bond utilized as a part of cement.

a) Reduction in Co2 emissions

The producer of standard concrete results in the outflow of 930 kg of CO2/t of bond (British Cement Association, 2009) generally a large portion of a rate from de-carbonation of the limestone crude material (process discharges), 40% of fossil fuel utilization and 10% from

fulfilling the power utilized as a part of the procedure. GGBS make normally discharges 35 kg of CO2 for each ton of GGBS i.e., under 4% of the carbon impression of cement bond.

b) Solar reflectance

Concrete made with GGBS will have a high impact of reluctantly: numerous studies in the worldwide have indicated increments of 20% in an impression of daylight by cement with GGBS. It will lessen the "warmth island" impact in urban improvements, and in addition act different advantages (decreased requirement for manufactured lighting around evening time, more secure streets from better perceivability). Fundamentally, the copied daylight is not infrared radiation, thus may not being caught by the nursery impact of the earth’s atmosphere.

c) Durability

Durability is irreplaceable to the long serviceable traverse of cement. Practically speaking, solid will break down after some time. The variables effectively taking this into decay can be inward (e.g. antacid silica response) or because of contentious outside situations (e.g. sulfate assault, or the impacts of chlorides on fortified concrete).GGBS significantly enhances the capacity of cement to keep crumbling from all the basic dangers to long administration life. Requiring the utilization of GGBS is presently settled the best practice where long administration lives must be accomplished, even in the most forceful situations. GGBS solid will even give better imperviousness to fire.

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d) GGBS in concrete GGBS has the accompanying points of interest,

and the solid maker can advance the extent of GGBS as indicated by the specialized/natural prerequisites to impact and GGBS dispatched straightforwardly to the solid plant will have bring down typified CO2 (staying away from vitality use in extra transference, bond plant and blending in a concrete plant). For the most reduced epitomized CO2, GGBS utilize is to be favoured. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

The examination remain for the Compressive Strength of M20 review Concrete supplanting bond with GGBS, of different proportions of substitution (10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and half substitution) and further mechanical and physical qualities of M20 review Concrete blended with 40% and half rebuilding of Cement with GGBS and do expansion of Super Plasticizer . It has been threw 48 solid shapes of size 150mm x 150mm x 150mm for compressive quality test, 18 barrels of size 150mm distance across and stature 300mm for split malleable test and 18 Beams of size 100mm (B) x 100mm (D) x 500mm (L) for flexural quality test. a) GGBS

Ground Granulated Blast heater was utilized for this specific work. The qualities given in the Table-1 demonstrates the physical and compound properties of the Ground Granulated Blast heater Slag and which are given by the Ground Granulated Blast heater Slag provider and every one of the qualities are fulfilling the benchmarks of standards codal arrangements. BS: 6699 – 1992 and IS: 12089 – 1987. It shows that the selected GGBS material satisfies the code requirements and can be used for our experimental project work. Table-1. Physical and chemical characteristic of GGBS.

It shows that the selected GGBS material satisfies the code requirements and can be used for our experimental project work. b) Preliminary tests

The preliminary tests are used to identify the characteristic of cement, fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and it is consider while design calculation. The details of test were conducted is discussed in the paper.

c) Testing methods

The adapted procedure describes the testing methods to determine the workability (Slump cone test and compaction factor test) and mechanical properties of the concrete (Compressible strength test, Split tensile strength test and flexural strength) as per the Indian standard code specifications.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The test results of the experiments carried out for the concrete were given below and the test results were discussed and analysed.

a) Slump cone test

The slump value for the diverse substitution of GGBS was conveyed about and the outcomes were classified in the Table-2 and the relating workability qualities are arranged and can be contrasted and the customary cement.

The above Table-2 unmistakably demonstrates the level of workability of cement has been enhanced with the including of GGBS with M20 review concrete. Additionally, the option of superplasticizer as admixture into the 40% and half GGBS supplanted concrete likewise this place fundamental part to enhance the workability of the solid. So GGBS can be utilized as a substitute for bond which will diminish the cost of concrete in cement furthermore trims the use of concrete. From the underneath Figure-1 demonstrates the graphical representation of blend extent and droop esteem

The above Table-2 clearly shows the degree of workability of concrete has been improved with the adding of GGBS with M20 grade concrete. Also, the addition of superplasticizer as admixture into the 40% and 50% GGBS replaced concrete also this place vital role for enhancing the workability of the concrete. So GGBS can be used as a substitute for cement which will reduce the cost of cement in concrete and also trims the utilization of cement. From the below Figure-1 shows the graphical representation of mix proportion and slump value.

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Table-2. Slump value and degree of workability for concrete (M20).

Figure-1. Mix proportion vs slump value.

b) Compaction factor test Compacting variable of crisp cement is done to

make sense of the workability of new cement by compacting element test according to Seems to be: 1199. In the wake of completing the classification and other result, discover the compaction figure values by directing compaction calculate test. This test was led with various rate of GGBS blended cement for the substitution of bond and including super plasticiser as admixture, the underneath table-3 speak to the test outcome values for the compaction consider. It shows the workability of cement is high in the 40% and half of GGBS alongside super plasticiser. It demonstrates the sound rate of substitution of GGBS rather than Cement appears, similar result was found the pressure test additionally we get similar result in similar rate of substitution of bond by GGBS. Also, two more tests will be done in the solid that is part rigidity test and flexural quality trial of shafts, than just we found the ideal substance. From the above table we can achieve expansion of GGBS will build the level of workability of the solid.

The below Figure-2 shows the relation between the mix proportions and compaction factor. It is gradually increasing of compaction factor at the mixing ratio of 40% of GGBS. Table-3. Compaction factor and degree of workability for

concrete (M20).

Figure-2. Mix proportion vs compaction factor.

c) Compressive strength test Compressive quality test was finished by

Compression Testing Machine; it is the main test to know the quality of cement. The examples are set in the pressure testing machine. Before putting of test 3D shapes the top surface will be slick and clean. This test is finished by the compressive testing machine by expanding the heap mechanically, when the example is getting break the needle won't move assist that perusing is recognize the outcome and this was organized by physically. The aggregate compressive load opposed by the 3D square

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separated by its surface zone will give the compressive estimation of the solid for the relating blend. The beneath Table-4 for the compressive quality after effects of 3D squares and the outcomes were the GGBS of proportion (40%& half) demonstrates high. The Table-4 unmistakably demonstrates the consequences of the supplanting of GGBS with variety extents of bond (40% and half) and including of super plasticiser as admixture shows the higher compressive quality at 7 and 28 days. Prior the same was found in the droop test results and compaction considers test comes about. The beneath Figure-3 demonstrates the connection between the blend extents and compressive quality. It is continuously expanding of compaction variable at the blending proportion of 40% of GGBS. At the point when the expansion of super plasticizer for more than 40 and half substitution of GGBS will likewise support up the compressive quality of cement.

Table-4. Compressive strength of concrete cubes (M20) 150 mm×150 mm×150 mm.

The Table-4 clearly indicates the results of the replacement of GGBS with variation proportions of cement (40% & 50%) and adding of super plasticiser as admixture displays the higher compressive strength at 7 and 28 days. Earlier the same was found in the slump test results and compaction factor test results. The below figure-3 shows the relation between the mix proportions and compressive strength. It is gradually increasing of compaction factor at the mixing ratio of 40% of GGBS. When the addition of super plasticizer for more than 40 and 50% replacement of GGBS will also boost up the compressive strength of concrete.

Figure-3. Mix proportion vs compressive strength. d) Split tensile strength test

According to the methodology given for the compression pressure testing machine and increment the heap step by step. The underneath table 5 for the split rigidity demonstrates the consequences of routine solid blend, 40% and half GGBS supplementing with admixture (Super plasticizer). The split elasticity qualities are expanding with the expansion of 40% and half GGBS supplanting with the bond. The Figure-4 unmistakably demonstrates the interconnection between the blend extents acting towards split rigidity. The split rigidity esteem is expanding with the expansion of GGBS and super plasticiser with the bond.

Table-5. Split tensile strength of concrete cylinders 150 mm× 300 mm.

Figure-4. Mix proportion vs split tensile strength.

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e) Flexural strength test Flexural test was direct to decide the flexural

quality of the solid bar, flexural test was finished by applying the heap at the mid of the bar, it is the main test to know the flexural quality of cement. The specimens region separated into three sections of its length set in the machine. The both top and base backings were tied with screw activity subsequent to altering the example shafts, begin the machine and expanding the heap slowly. The underneath table 6 portrays the consequence of flexural quality of the solid pillars

The outcomes demonstrate that halfway GGBS supplanting with the expansion of super plasticiser is high in flexural quality at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days of testing. Similar result found in similar 40 and 50 rate of substitution of GGBS and super plasticiser including the solid.

The Figure-5 demonstrates the connection between the properties of the solid flexural quality. It is step by step expanding of flexural quality of cement by curing period as per Indian standards at the blending proportion of (40% and half) of GGBS with expansion of super plasticiser. Table-6. Flexural strength of concrete beam 100×100×500

(mm).

The results show that partial GGBS replacement with the addition of super plasticiser is very high in flexural strength at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days of testing. The same result found in the same 40 and 50 percentage of replacement of GGBS and super plasticiser adding in the concrete. The Figure-5 shows the relation between the properties of the concrete flexural strength. In x axis mix proportion and y axis flexural strength results were taken. It is gradually increasing of flexural strength of concrete by 7days, 14 days and 28 days at the mixing ratio of (40% & 50%) of GGBS with addition of super plasticiser.

Figure-5. Mix proportion vs flexural strength.

4. CONCLUSIONS From the trial test comes about for the Concrete

Cubes, Cylinders and Beams it was found that the level of workability of cement was improved with the expansion of GGBS in cement. The greatest Compressive Strength was accomplished in M20 review of solid 3D squares for 40% substitution of bond by GGBS, without the expansion of any Super Plasticizer admixture. The institutionalized properties (Compressive quality, Split Tensile Strength, and Flexural quality) of cement are enhanced for 40% and half supplanting of GGBS for bond with the expansion of Super plasticizer as admixture. GGBS can be misused as surrogate for bond which will lessen the cost of bond in cement, by diminishing the utilization of concrete. Since its as of now in existing use of mechanical squanders, it shield us from the ecological contamination furthermore spares a great deal of common assets. REFERENCES [1] Adams Joe and A. Maria Rajesh (2014), “An

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[5] Mehta P.K, J. M. M. Paulo, “Concrete Microstructure Properties and Materials”, McGraw Hill Publishers, 1997

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