i

AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON PREPOSITION OF PLACE IN, ON, AND AT

USED BY THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMPN 3 BATU

THESIS

By : Rissca Yullinda Effendi

201310100311140

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAININGAND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2018

ii

AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON PREPOSITION OF PLACE IN, ON, AND AT

USED BY THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMPN 3 BATU

THESIS

This thesis is submitted to fulfill one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree in English Language Education Department

By : Rissca Yullinda Effendi

201310100311140

ENGLISH LANGUAGE EDUCATION DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF TEACHER TRAININGAND EDUCATION

UNIVERSITY OF MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG 2018

iii

This thesis was written by Rissca Yullinda Effendi and was approved

on January 27th, 2018

By:

Advisor II, Advisor I,

Agista Nidya Wardani, M.A

iv

This thesis was defended in front of examiners of the Faculty of Teacher Training

and Education of University of Muhammadiyah Malang and accepted as

one of the requirements to achieve Sarjana Degree

in English Language Education Department

on February 1st , 2018

Approved by:

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Examiners:

1. Kharisma Naidi W.S., M.Pd

2. Santi Prastiyowati, M.Pd

3. Rinjani Bonavidi, M.Ed., Ph.D

4. Agista Nidya Wardani, M.A

v

MOTTO AND DEDICATION

Take risks. If you win, you will be happy.

If you lose, you will be wise.

(Anonymous)

This thesis is dedicated to:

My super mom and dad

My beloved family

My great advisors( Rinjani Bonavidi, M.Ed., Ph.D.

and Agista N. Wardani, M.A)

All my lecturers in ELED

My lovely sisters

MFF (Bayu, Amma, Si Udin, Busan, Nurel

Anilan Anilun, Endah and Mbok Di)

My Longlasting Kwek Kwek (Dewi, Rosi, Tri)

DFQ Squad

And all my ELED friends

Thank you for everything that you have given for me (support, prayer, love, help,

loyalty, trust and suggestion)

vi

AUTHOR’S DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

The undersigned below:

Name : Rissca Yullinda Effendi

Students ID Number : 201310100311140

Study Program : English Language Education Department

Faculty : Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

I hereby declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of

my own work and has not been submitted to any other University or institution.

I certify that, to the best of my knowledge, my thesis does not infringe

upon anyone’s copyrights nor violate any proprietary rights and that any ideas,

techniques, quotations, or any other material form the work of other people

included in my thesis, published or otherwise, are fully acknowledged in

accordance with the standard referencing practices.

I also declare that this is a true copy of my thesis, as approved by my

thesis committee and the English Language Education Department office.

vii

AN ERROR ANALYSIS ON PREPOSITION OF PLACE IN, ON, AND AT USED BY THE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS AT SMPN 3 BATU

ABSTRACT

Learning preposition of place is important because they act as vital markers to the structure of sentence in indicating the specific location, position, and place. Putting the preposition word incorrectly would change the certain meaning of its content. This study is aimed to analyze the types of errors made by the eighth grade students at SMPN 3 Batu in using preposition of place and to know how the teacher coped with the errors made by the students.

In this study, the researcher used qualitative research design. The data was presented in form of descriptive analysis to describe the types of errors and the way how the teacher helped the students to cope with the errors. The subjects of this study were the eighth grade students of class H which consisted of thirty students and the English teacher. The data was gained through test, interview, and open-ended questionnaire. The steps of data analysis were preparing and organizing the data, exploring and coding, representing and reporting findings, interpreting the findings, and drawing conclusion.

The results of this study have shown that there were many students who still found difficulties in using preposition and committed errors. The total frequency of errors in short answer test were 351 and 62 errors in sentences making test. The types of errors were omission errors as much as two errors, addition errors were thirteen errors, misformation errors were 43 errors, and misordering errors were four errors. Moreover, the way how the teacher helped their students to cope with the error were using jigsaw as a learning model and giving enrichment task along with individual explanation. Keywords: Error, Error analysis, Preposition of place

,

viii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

In the name of Allah, The Most Gracious and The Most Merciful, The

Lord of Universe. All of praises belong to Allah SWT for blessing, guidance, and

strength, so the writer can finish this thesis as one of the requirements for Sarjana

Degree in English Language Education Department. Also, peace and salutation

always be given to our Prophet Muhammad SAW who guided us from the

darkness to the lightness.

Firstly, the writer would like to dedicate the deepest gratitude to her first

advisor, Rinjani Bonavidi, M.Ed., Ph.D. and the second advisor, Agista N.

Wardani, M.A. for their guidance, suggestions, advices, supports, also their

comment and correction during the consultation period from the beginning until

the writer finished her thesis. Moreover, the gratitude and appreciation belong to

all the lecturers of English Language Education Department who educated and

taught the writer during the learning process in the university.

Second, the writer’s gratefulness goes to her super mom and dad who

always give the sincere support to achieve a high education up to this level. Also

their cares, loves, prayers, and encouragements that make the writer could finish

this thesis. Then, thank for beloved family and sisters who always give the

support and motivation to finish her thesis.

And the last, special thanks for writer’s friends, MFF, and DFQ for their

support, motivation, and loyalty. Thank you for being a part of writer’s life during

the last four years. Also my Kwek Kwek, I am so grateful for the last eleven years

friendship. Thank you for helping the writer when she needed some suggestions

and support in doing her thesis.

ix

TABLE OF CONTENTS

APPROVAL ......................................................................................................... iii

LEGALIZATION ................................................................................................. iv

MOTTO AND DEDICATION ............................................................................... v

LETTER OF AUTHENTICITY ............................................................................ vi

ABSTRACT ........................................................................................................ vii

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ............................................................................... viii

TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................................................................... ix

LIST OF APPENDICES ........................................................................................ xi

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background of Study ............................................................................... 1

1.2. Research Problems ................................................................................... 5

1.3. Research Objectives .................................................................................. 5

1.4. Scope and Limitation ............................................................................... 5

1.5. Research Significance .............................................................................. 6

1.6. Definitions of Key Terms ........................................................................ 6

CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

2.1. Definition of Errors .................................................................................. 8

2.2. Error and Mistake .................................................................................... 9

2.3. Classification of Errors .......................................................................... 10

2.3.1. Error Type Based on Linguistic Category ........................................ 10

2.3.2. Error Type Based on Surface Strategy Taxonomy ........................... 10

2.3.3. Error Type Based on Comparative Taxonomy ................................ 14

2.3.4. Error Type Based on Communicative Effect Taxonomy ................. 15

2.4. Source of Error ....................................................................................... 15

2.5. Error Analysis ......................................................................................... 16

2.6. Definition of Grammar ............................................................................ 17

2.7. Definition of Preposition .......................................................................... 18

2.8. Preposition of Place ................................................................................ 18

2.8.1. Preposition of Place In .................................................................... 18

2.8.2. Preposition of Place On ................................................................... 19

2.8.3. Preposition of Place At .................................................................... 20

x

CHAPTER III RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

3.1. Research Design ..................................................................................... 22

3.2. Research Subject .................................................................................... 22

3.3. Data Collection ....................................................................................... 23

3.3.1 Data Collection Technique and Instrument .................................. 23

3.4. Data Collection Procedures .................................................................... 26

3.4. Data Analysis ......................................................................................... 27

CHAPTER IV RESEARCH FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 Research Findings ................................................................................... 29

4.1.1 The students’ Error in Using Preposition of Place in Short Answer

Test ................................................................................................. 29

4.1.2. Types of Errors Made by the Eighth Grade Students in Sentence

Making Test ................................................................................... 37

4.1.2.1. Omission Errors ................................................................ 38

4.1.2.2. Addition Errors ................................................................. 39

4.1.2.3. Misformation Errors ......................................................... 40

4.1.2.4. Misordering Errors ........................................................... 41

4.1.2 The Way How the Teacher Helped the Students to Cope with Their

Error in Using Preposition of Place in, on, and at ......................... 41

4.2 Discussion ............................................................................................... 42

CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION

5.1 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 54

5.2 Suggestion ............................................................................................... 55

REFERENCES

APPENDICES

xi

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX 1 : STUDENTS’ TEST ITEMS ....................................................... 58

APPENDIX 2 : STUDENTS’ ERROR ANALYSIS ............................................ 60

APPENDIX 3 : INTERVIEW TRANSCRIPT ..................................................... 73

APPENDIX 4 : THE RESULT OF STUDENTS’ OPEN – ENDED

QUESTIONNAIRE ....................................................................... 76

APPENDIX 5 : STUDENTS’ TEST ..................................................................... 80

APPENDIX 6 : STUDENTS’ QUESTIONNAIRE .............................................. 90

APPENDIX 7 : SURAT KETERANGAN ............................................................ 93

xii

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