Nationalism

An Era of Good FeelingsCoined by a Boston newspaper 1817Nationalism

From the administration of Jefferson to 1840, the power of the central government increased at the expense of the states. Politically, economically and socially, to what extent is this a true statement?War of 1812Great period of nationalism following the War of 1812Survived 2 wars with Britain; gained respectWar heroes emerge: Andrew Jackson, W. H. HarrisonU.S. begins to take a more prominent role in the worldU.S. manufacturing grew-more industrial self-sufficiencyFuture begins to lie in the West; Natives lose land (abandoned by the British)Canada becomes an acceptable neighbor as part of Britain

Federalist DemiseFederalists lose power after the War of 1812They were openly opposed to the war (N/NE)Hartford Convention: talks of separate treaties and secession (become a precedent for the South)Democratic Republicans operate with basically no opposition PresidentsJames Madison (1809-1817)James Monroe (1817-1825)John Quincy Adams (1825-1829)

Economic legislationHenry Clay-American SystemWanted federal govt. to build new roads and canals- internal improvements to tie regions togetherInsisted on tariffs-promote Amer. Manuf.Favored national bank-common currencyWanted to make the nation economically self-sufficient

Economic legislationSecond National Bank1811-charter of the First National Bank expiresWithout the Bank, states could not provide a uniform nor sound currency, nor a safe depository for federal funds-state banks were clumsy with loans1816-Congress and Madison chartered the Second National Bank

Economic LegislationProtective Tariff of 18161st protective tariff in U.S. HistoryDesigned to help protect American industriesSmall industries prospered before and during the War, as competition abroad declined; after the war, American manufacturers face renewed competition; British can lower prices to shut down new industriesTariff of 1816-protective rates that would result in higher prices for all goods, but support for Amer. manufacturers

VS.Supreme Ct. and NationalismJohn Marshall Court-Chief JusticeSupreme Ct. favored a strong federal govt. and a national economyMarbury vs. Madison-judicial reviewGibbons v. Ogden-prepared way for federal regulation of rr, buses, airlines, radio, etc.Dartmouth College v. Woodward-sanctity of contracts-states cant pass laws impairing the obligation of contracts: power from the statesAnd.McCulloch v. Maryland

Supreme Ct. andNationalismMcCulloch v. MarylandMaryland was upset about the National Bank; state imposed a heavy ($15,000) operations tax on the banks Baltimore branchMcCulloch, branch manager, refused to pay the taxMarshall denied the power of a state to tax an agency chartered by the federal govt.National Bank is constitutionalState has no right to destroy that which the federal govt. has put into placeSupports loose construction and implied powers of the ConstitutionSocial/Culture DevelopmentsArtists celebrate Americas beautiful landscape, patriotic themes, heroes of the Revolution, etc.Novelists express great pride in the nations immense potential-Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, Weems, Noah Webster (patriotic theme)Hudson River School-majestic landscape paintings reflecting reverence toward nature and the spirit of nationalism

New LandsAdams-Onis Treaty: FL. (1818-1819)FL. Housed pirates, smugglers, runaway slaves, Seminoles, etc.Seminoles often clashed with white settlers, Spain rarely controlled them (had agreed to)1818, A. Jackson leads a force in and crushes the Seminoles; showed Spanish control of FL. Was weakSec. of St. J.Q. Adams and Spanish minister Onis agree to sell FL. To the U.S. for $5 millionU.S. agrees to give up claims to TexasSet 42nd parallel as boundary between Spanish territory and Oregon Country-Spain gives up claims to the Oregon CountryU.S. and Great Britain will agree to share the contested Oregon Country they both claim

New LandsOregon dispute between the British and Americans from the Adams-Onis TreatyImproved relations between the British and Americans: Treaty of 1818Share fishing rights off NewfoundlandJoint occupation of the Oregon Territory for 10 yearsNorthern limits of the LA. Territory at the 49th parallel

CompromisesMissouri Compromise (1819-1820)Crisis began when Missouri was admitted as a slave state; prior, there were an equal number of slave and free states (MO. would tip that balance)Henry Clay drafted the compromiseNorthern district of MA. Would enter the Union as a free state-Maine, to balance MO. Entering as a slave stateDrew a line across the country from the sw corner of MO. To the nations western boundary (LA. Territory): 36 30; north=free, south=slave

The West/FrontierRapid growthNative lands acquired with the War: William Henry Harrison and Andrew Jackson (FL/South)Economic pressure: prior embargo, the war on NE, new land for crops in the SouthImproved transportationCheap landInternal ImprovementsWar years demonstrated the internal transportation system was inadequate for national needsSince improvements bound the nation together, should be supported by federal govt.Early turnpikes and public roads dev.National/Cumberland Road, 1816, across Appalachians (Maryland to Illinois initially)Wilderness Road/Cumberland Gap, mountain pass from N.C. into TN. And KY. (Daniel Boone)Steamboats-Robert FultonCanals-Erie Canal (1825)Western frontiersmen (little attachments to particular state or region) migrated west; looked for the federal govt. to provide cheap land, internal improvements and protection vs. Indians

Foreign PolicyMonroe Doctrine (1823)U.S. would not get involved in internal affairs of Euro. Countries, nor take sides in wars among themU.S. recognized the existing colonies and states in the western hemisphere and would not interfere with themU.S. would not permit any further colonization of the western hemisphereAny attempt by a Euro. Power to control any nation in the western hemisphere would be viewed as a hostile act toward the U.S.Bold statement, but no way to really enforce it