an architectural experience through natural light …
TRANSCRIPT
-AN ARCHITECTURAL EXPERIENCE THROUGH NATURAL LIGHT
LIGHT BESTOWS LIFE THROUGH OUR SENSE OF SIGHT. TOUCH. AND SPIRIT.
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BOYS AND GIRLS YOUTH CLUB
A Center Focused or1 Teens
by Esther Acosta
A THESIS IN ARCHITECTURE
Submitted to the Architecture faculty of the College of Arch itect ure of Texas Tech University in
partial Fulfillment for the degree of
ARCH 4395 Programming Instructor Prof. D. Driskill
Accepted
ii 1 9 6 3, 5 5 3 5 I L £ t £'.!k 7
Dean College of Architect ure
I dedicate this to my loving parents, Raul and Trini Acosta, for instilling their
spirit in me which guides, educates, and supports me throughout all my life. I
thank them, my sister Terrie, my friend Anna Causey, my aunt Femia, and my
loving grandmother Maria for their financial support that has helped me greatly
with my college expenses. I thank Jimmy for easing t he pressure in typing this
program for me. I also thank my best friend Dolores who has been very close to me,
supported me, and had been a special friend throughout my education. I especially
thank Rick for his personal guidance, love, patience, and talent that motivated
and encouraged me to go on with my education. Thank you for being there when I
needed you.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS~
ABSTRACT
CONCEPTUAL ISSUE
FACILITY ISSUES • Potential Design Response
• Activity/Spatial Analysis
• Space Relationships
CONTEXTUAL ISSUES
• Psychological Context • Natural Context
• Cultural Context
• Built Context
SPACE SUM MARY
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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ABSTRACT:
THESIS
Light presents existence and the
opportunity to enrich our human initiative by
its life giving energy. This energy can be
harnessed through architecture to express the
presence of human act ivities of freedom.
creativity and play.
FACILITY TYPE
BOYS and GIRLS YOUTH CLUB
A center focused on creating a positive influence on teens.
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CONTEXT STATEMENT:
This facility will be in El Paso, Texas in
the Ysleta district. El Paso is in close
boundaries with Juarez, Mexico and New
Mexico. Juarez is easily seen across the Rio
Grande where as New Mexico has no visual
separation and is seen as part of the city.
Therefore, El Paso has strong cultural ties
with both Mexico and New Mexico. The Franklin
Mountains which are seen in the heart of El
Paso distinguish this city most. Ysleta is said
to be the oldest town in Texas. It is known for
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its historical sites of t he Ysleta mission and
the Tigua Indian Reservation. The Ysleta
district is an area that consists of many low
income famil ies with a great need of
environmental development. It is also in this
area where t he dropout rate is most high
among students. For these reasons the site
was chosen in this area .
PROJECT SCOPE:
This facility will fit 300 youth members in
a total area of approx. 24,105 sq.ft. It will
consist of a Gymnasium for basketball and
volleyball. This facility will also hold an Arts and
Crafts room, a Dance room, a Computer room,
a Martial Arts/Weight lifting/Boxing room, a
Snack Bar, a Game room, a Lounging area, a
Gaflery and a Multipurpose room. The facility
will also have areas for the running and up
keeping of the center. A park area will st.trround
the facility and include areas for Basketball
courts, a Soccer field, and a Baseball field.
... CONCEPTUAL ISSUES
Light
The presence of light brings illuminated
objects to life. Each morning brings light and
with it comes a sense of excitement and living.
As the night grows near that excitement and
sense of life diminishes. When a space
encompasses light, it promotes electricity and
excitement. The presence of light releases
primal yearnings and impulses of hope and
inspiration. According to Bachelard it appears
to have "Vigilance," as he states, "A lighted
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window at night 'is waiting', so that through it's
light alone, the house becomes human. It seeks
like a man. It is an eye opened at night."
Henry Plummer stated that light on a
surface can be seen as energy experienced as a
"sensed motion-in-place, a movement-at-rest,
and as breathing activity that is also relaxed."
A space can then be seen as inheriting emotion
by its "optical charge" and existence both
"perceptually and artistically."
Sunlight can be the greater existence of
lights. Its energy will not only generate action
or feeling, but can also store this energy into
material and later be released. Plummer
further states that a nonorganic material such
as a rock absorbs the sunlight and is
stimulated by its energy by warming up and
expanding. An organic material absorbs and
captures its daily light and grows as t ime
passes. The energy absorbed is then released
when eaten by animals and people. Thus,
passing its energy through humans.
He continues to state that the most
light sensitive parts of the body are the eyes.
When lit up by light, the eyes sparkle with
awareness and alertness of our surrounding
world . The eyes, touched by light, express the
ability to feel and think.
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"Natural light carries the very inspiriting
energy-the vital spark which is the mainstay of
all life on earth. It is difficult to say how much
of our sense of luminous things as 'animate'
and 'presencing' is contributed by this biological
power.11 (Plummer)
Light is seen as energy which transfers
feelings of excitement, hope, inspiration, and
causes us to feel and think. Thus, a space,
illuminated with natural light, withholds life,
emotion, and intelligence. Therefore, natural
light will be integrated throughout the facility
providing architecture with all the
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A+ U E87 I 2 Poetics of Listhl 129 311~1'*1il Detail of celling.
characteristics of light and deliver inspiration
and awareness to youths.
Potential Design Response:
• Materials that can transfer natural light
into the facility will be used. The entrance
will display a sense of energy and movement
in teens when entering the facility by using
large glass windows and sky lights to
stimulate youths with all the
characteristics of light,
• The Gymnasium will also consist of
skylights and windows for viewing the
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outdoors. This will allow the natural light
and its energy illuminate the space and give
the overwhelming size of a gymnasium a
warmer and comfort feeling.
• The Gallery in the lobby will consist of
indirect natural lighting for the protection
of the displayed art work. The light will be
subdued, yet it will be enough to stimulate
and inspire the viewer when studding a
display of creative works done by teens.
• Comfort will be expressed in the lounging
area by using large windows that will provide
a view of the outdoors and the presence of
the north light. The large windows will
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display an openness to the space and
influence the awareness of the nature
outdoors. This space, surrounded by nature
and the north light, will stimulate one to feel
and think and be seen as a space for
meditation.
• In the administration offices, defused
natural lighting will be administered to
provide adequate lighting for the work
space. The defused light will be a
stimulating light that will bring energy and
motion into the space. This energy can then
influence the administration and then be
passed onto the teachings of the youths.
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• The computer room, arts/crafts, and
multipurpose rooms, will consist of large
amounts of glass that will admit indirect
natural light into the space. This illuminated
space will express enlightenment and
awareness, and influence teens to feel and
think as they work.
• Areas where the activities consist of
weight lifting, martial arts, boxing, and
dance will also consist of indirect natural
light. The indirect natural light will instill a
sense of energized matter into the space to
evoke motion and activity.
• The snack bar and game room areas will
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also consist of large amounts of glass and
indirect lighting. Its light will stimulate the
human practice of living and influence
socialization within the space. Therefore,
creating a teen society.
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FACILllY ISSUES
Image
A need for creating a symbolic meaning
through this facility is important. This
commun ity needs a source of pride to
reestablish the fact that they have self worth .
This facility will not only provide a place where
teens get together but it will also act as an
icon in the community. It will be seen as an icon
by giving teens a memorable space t hat
expresses significance and importance of a
society.
3::o>&I/ Jardin du Roi.
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llo>*f)' •':nlti. ( ?> ?C/ Light lrickllng tlYough chestnut trees.
According to Ladislao Vicencio and Raul
Martinez from community centers in El Paso,
teens are a llured t o outdoor activities more
than indoor. Therefore, nature will play an
important part of this facility.
Roger Trancik states that the creation of a
symbolic space is formulated by a space
stimulating our senses, a space being pleasing
to us, and recognized as an important element
in our lives. Therefore, it can be acknowledged
as a monumental space. The articulation
between man and its need for open space and
nature expresses the message of a symbolic
space.
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Therefore, nature will be emphasized by the
bringing of natural materials into the facility
such as rock, sand, water, and plants. The
integration of these natural materials will
interact with the facility by allowing nature to
penetrate throughout the facility and provide
windows for views and access to the outdoors.
Thus, providing a connection between man and
nature. Nature expressing a meaningful space,
giving presence, and promoting dignity and
pride in the area.
"Space rather than signs should
communicate the values of a culture."
Roger Trancik
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Facili
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Promote Social Interaction
Interaction is a basis necessity of
society in how we as human beings
communicate with one another. Through
interaction we form organizations that fulfill
our inner desires to belong. Thus, having our
place in society.
Potential Design Response:
Interaction within the facility can be
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provided by the articulation of spaces.
• One method of articulating a space to
provide interaction can be introduced by
positioning a space within a &pace. This will
provide direct interaction of two activity
spaces and provide view and social contact
of the inner activity space.
• The interlockinq of spaces will provide an
overlapping of spaces and create an area of
$hared spape. Thus, influencing interaction
within that shared space.
• By placing spaces pdjacent to each other it
allows each space to retain its individuality
but still depend on its connecting plane. The
connecting plane separates and brings each
space together. This provides an informal
interact ion through the sharing of a
connecting plane.
• One other method in providing interaction
can be accomplished by 5pace5 linked by a
common 5pace. This can be done by linking
two spaces, at a distance, together by
adding a third space between. The third
space will be shared by both spaces. Thus,
creating social contact between two spaces
by the participation of the intermediate
space.
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• The relationship of paths and spaces can
also provide areas of interaction. Paths
that lead us to spaces can provide a place
of interaction within the path. One way of
creating direct interaction between teens is
by allowing paths penetrate throuqh spaces.
These possibilities will provide areas of
interaction within the facility by influencing
teens to exercise the role of an adult society
by creating teen socialization.
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2. INTJ~\J"'OCIUNG SPACES
.i}. SPACl~S J.JNI~EU H1r .A C01t0f ON SJ>J\.CJ~
2. B\SS THl\OUHH
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(Architecture: Form, Space, and Order)
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- -SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Place of Entry
The Entry should be pleasing, accessible
from the parking lot, and it should present an
inviting atmosphere for teens. Therefore, a view
of activities functioning in the center should be
seen to promote physical action and an active
teen society. Administration offices should
also be seen upon entering to promote the
close interaction between adults and teens.
The Entry will consist of 1,284 sq.ft. (Time
Saver Standard) which includes a Lobby, a
Lounging area, a Reception desk, and a Gallery
to provide an atmosphere of socialization. It
will express the articulation of instilling positive
values in a positive environment t hat
symbolizes dignity and pride among teens.
The Gallery consists of 484 sq.ft. (Time
Saver Standard) that will display art made by
teens of the area expressing cultural
awareness of the arts. An equipment and art
storage consisting of 30sq.ft. (Time-Saver
Standard) will be provided in this area. The
Reception desk of 48sq.ft. (Time-Saver
Standard) will need to be easily seen when
entering the building. It will provide all
information of the facility, the registering of all
the activities, and allow viewing of the overall
facility.
Entry
Lobby/
Gallery!
Recep
Lounge
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Place of Recreation
Recreational activities give youths the
opportunities of social interaction and the
encouragement of physical and mental
challenge that can fulfill the needs of today's
teens by self confidence, achievements, social
belonging, and satisfaction. The type of
physical recreation provided by this facility,
both indoors and outdoors, are those most
common in the Ysleta District. According to
Ladislao Vicencio and Raul Martinez from
community centers in that area, it will consist
of baseball, soccer, basketball, volleyball, weight
lifting, martial arts, and boxing. According to
the Time-Saver Standards, an outdoor
Baseball field will consist of 18,415 sq. ft. The
Soccer field will consist of 90,000 sq. ft. A
Gymnasium of 10,072 sq. ft. will hold seating of
350 people. It will consist of two basketball
courts that will convert into volleyball courts.
The Gymnasium will also provide for activities
such as recitals, lectures, and movies. A
storage of 60 sq. ft. will also be provided for
equipment in this area. The Weight
Lifting/Boxing/Martial Arts room will consist of
.1,849 sq.ft. with an equipment storage of 30
sq.ft. In reference to the John W. Wilson Boys
and Girls Club of Lubbock, the two outdoor
Basketball courts will consist of 4000 sq.ft.
that will also convert into two Volleyba ll courts.
Gym! ···:::"" Recital
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Volleyball Court
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Soccer Field
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A Place for Creativity
Cultural awareness is also a vital part of
the self actualization of youths and community
life. To play a vital role in the growth and
development of their community, there is a
need to inform our youth of their cultural
background, its acknowledgments, and
capabilities. This can be accomplished by giving
them opportunities to exercise their creativity.
Thus, providing them with arts and craft's
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activities such as painting, drawing, sculpture
making, ceramics, and dance. This Arts and
Crafts room of 900 sq. ft., (John W. Wilson
Boys and Girls Club) will include areas for
tables and chairs for such activities, lockers,
cabinets, a sink, and an area for the instructor.
This room will also have a storage space for
equipment of 30 sq. ft., according to Time
Saver Standards. The Dance room, which will
also act as an aerobics room, will consist of
1,250 sq. ft., (J.W.W. B.&G.C.) which will include
a small platform for the instructor. This room
will also include a storage for audio equipment
of 30 sq., ft. (Time-Saver Standard).
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Place for Growth
Teens, from the ages' 12 to 18, are in a
transformation period from childhood to
maturity. The teen period is a time of struggle
of finding out what he or she wants to be with
the possibil ities being infinite. A teenager
needs to experience adulthood, independence,
and real responsibilities of real life. Therefore,
an area in this facility will be provided for teens
where the opportunities of adulthood can be
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experienced with the guidance of adults. This
area wi ll be a Multipurpose room that will
consist of 2,072 sq. ft. (graphic standards).
This room wil l allow teens to be involved in
commun ity discussions and activities which
offer teens the freedom of expression, such as
banquets of achievements, parties, and other
activities. The Multi~rpose room will one room
of 281x741 for large activities, or i;an be divided
into two smaller rooms by a size of 281
x371
to
increase the quantity of rooms. An equipment
storage room of 30 sq. ft. (Time-Saver
Standard) for this area will also be provided.
A Computer room of 285 sq. ft. (J.W.W. B&GC)
--~~·~ wr:-:··I!!!~~~-----------------------. 1' -
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will give teens up-to-date information and self
enhancement. It will also consist of a storage
for computer equipment of 30 sq.ft. (Time
Saver Standards) and an area for an
instructor.
Place for Socialization
Teens' need areas of socialization
with people of their own age group to express
and exchange ideas and be an active, culturally
aware society. The realms that express teen
socialization are in the Snack Bar, and Game
room. The Snack Bar will consist of a small
kitchen for snacks, an area for sitting, and a
storage of 30 sq.ft. (Time-Saver Standards) .
The Game room will include a variety of games
such as pool and table tennis, with a storage of
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30 sq.ft. (Time-Saver Standard) for game
equipment. This area should be close to an
administration office for supervision.
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BILLIARDS
Billiard lable size 5'-3" 19'·5" ___ ,,,
TABLE TENNIS
Tennis lablc size 5'·0" 1 g•.o· __ __... _ _..
Game Room
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Place for Administration
With adult guidance to an adult society
both teens and adults can work together by
providing teens to take a part in the running
and the teaching of activities in the facility.
Teens will gain a responsibility to one another.
Thus, creating teen awareness and adult
learning by playing the role of an adult.
A foundation of respect and cultural
importance will be expressed in the
Administrat ion Offices, Dressing/Locker rooms
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and Supply/Issue room. There will be three Administration Offices consisting of 150 sq.ft. (Graphic Standards) each . One is for the Unit Director, which is responsible in running the facility. The second one will be for the Program
Director, who is in charge of the activities in the facility. The third one is for the P.E. Director who is in charge of all athletic
activities. An office supply storage will also be
incorporated of 30 sq.ft. (Time-Saver
Standard).
The Supply/Issue room of 250 sq.ft.
(Time-Saver Standard) will provide the
administering and storage of all sports
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equipment and lockers. fhe Dressing/Locker
room will consist of 550 sq.ft. (Time-Saver
Standard) for male and female with
restrooms. !his area should be of easy access.
A Maintenance and Custodial room will also be
added for the care and maintaining of the
facility. This room will consist of 250 sq.ft.
(Time-Saver Standard) for storage of cleaning
equipment, outdoor equipment, and tools. It will
also have an area for a lavatory, a water
closet, a clothes closet, and a large door to
provide passage of motorized equipment.
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Office Layout
LOCKERS
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LOCKERS
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Locker Rm.
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- -SPACIAL RELATIONSHIPS
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INPOOR ACTIVITIES
RestRm.
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OUTDOOR ACTIVITIES
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-CONTEXTUAL ISSUES
Psychological Context:
Youths are involved with violence and gangs more each year. In El Paso there has been a dramatic increase in juvenile crime.
]'ear #of Juvenile Arrest
1990 5,069
1991 5,782
1992 4,983
1993 9,509
1994 10,521
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In the years of 1993 and 1994 combined
there has been a 10.6% increase.
(El Paso Police Dept.)
Teens get a sense of belonging when involved
in gangs. An increase of teens involved in crime
is presented to us daily through the news
media. According to Alice Grey, from the
Ysleta Independent School District, most
discipline problems are from the sixth to twelve
grades. She also states that the lack of facilities, which provide recreational activities,
create opportunities for crime. Youths turning
to street violence for self esteem and
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importance presents the attention needed by
our teens today. Therefore, th is teen center will
be made available in the Ysleta Dist rict of El
Paso. It will provide a territorial presence for
teens in the area that will place them as a part
of society.
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Natural Context:
The natural context of El Paso consists of
the Chihuahua Desert to the north. The annual
percentage of rain fall consists of 8 inches,
which in the general portion falls in the months
of July, August, and September. The average
temperature high is 95 F in July to 55 F in
January. This creates a desert setting
consisting of typical desert brush and other
plants that can survive on a minimum amount
of water. The more exotic and green vegetation
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in the area belongs to residential properties.
Therefore, more green vegetation will be
incorporated. The use of trees will provide
shade from the hot summer days and allow a
more pleasing environment for outdoor
activities. The facil ity wil l be oriented to where
the access of natural light wil l come from the
north. Large overhangs and sun barriers will be
incorporated · on the south, east, and west
sides to provide shade from the hot sun.
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Cultural Context
The cultural context is the teen culture
that will inhibit the facility. A Pattern
Language defines the teen period as the time
of sexual transformation from childhood to
maturity. It is a time of self awareness and
preparation. It is also the time of a career
decision where the possibilities are endless. The
time of preparation in an adult world is a
sensitive period for teens.
This facility should not create an
institutional image. It should encourage being
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a part of society and opportunity. The facility
must give teens a miniature society of
maturity and the responsibilities of an adult
nature. Therefore, the facility will represent an
image of growth and opportunity through
vertical forms. The presence of option will be
expressed through the distinction of various
shapes on the facade. Formality and order of
playful forms will express an image as a part of
society.
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Built Context:
As mentioned in the Context Statement,
the built environment consists of middle to low
income housing, small business to large grocery
chains, and large department stores to fast
food chains. The residential and small business
areas are in need of contextual development.
Most individually owned businesses consist
of old, simplified structures designed to be put
up quickly and inexpensively. Each containing
its own presence due to the owners'
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individuality. This individuality creates a
diversity of buildings in the area. Each
business is still in need of development where
the structures may be deteriorating.
The residential area is diverse as well. Each
house creates its own identity by not following
a typical method of construction, style, or the
same amount of set backs from the street. In
some areas, residential housing has been
t urned into private businesses.
For these reasons the Ysleta District is in
serious need of community development and
beautification . Therefore, a park setting will be
incorporated in the exterior. It will consist of
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trees, grass, and rural plants to encourage the
preservation of the environment. A park setting
will help eliminate pollution, reduce noise in the
area, and influence efforts in community
participation in redevelopment.
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Vehicular Pat hs -""':...;...= :.:::! D. Residential Areas
I I Commercial Areas
Q[canal
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---7' \
,.. ~·
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-SPACE SUMMARY
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SUMMARY OF ENTRY
Capacity# of Area Participants (USF)
Lobby/Lounge/ 350 1,314
Gallery Reception 2 48
Total 352 1,362
TOTAL 1362 x1.2
GSF 1634.4
-SUMMARY OF ACTIVITIES
Capacity# of Area Participants (USF)
Gym 350 10,102 Weight Lifting 63 1,849 Arts/Crafts 26 930
Dance 63 1,280 Multi Purp. 100 4,174 Computer Rm. 14 288
Total 616 18,623
TOTAL 18,623 x1.2
GSF 22,347.6
SUMMARY OF ADMINIS1RAllON
Offices Supply Issue Locker Room Custodial
lotal
USF
Capacity# of Area (USF) Participants
3 2
300 2
308
1233 x l.2
1479.6
183 250 550 250
1233
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-GRAND SUMMARY OF SPACES
Capacity# of Area
Participants (USF)
Activities 616 18,653
Administration 7 1,530
Entry 352 1,362
Activities 90 2,560
Total 1,065 24,105
TOTAL 24,105 x 1.2
GSF 28,926
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Bibliography:
• Plummer, Henry. Poetics of Light. Architecture and
Urbanism (Dec 1987)
• Day, Christopher. Places of the Soul. The Aquarian
Press, London 1990
• Alexander, Christopher. Pattern Language. Oxford
University Press, 1977
• Ching, Frances D.K. Architecture: Form Space and
Order. Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1979
• Kamm, J. Lloyd. Lighting; To Stimulate People. The
Christapher Publishing House, Boston, 1948
• Gold, Seymour M. Recreation Planning and Design.
McGraw-Hill Book Co., 1980
• Trancik, Roger. Finding Lost Space Van Nostrand
Reinhold, 1986.
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• De Chiara, Joseph; Panero, Julius; Zelik, Martin.
Time-Saver Standards for Interior Desi1:;1n and
Space Plannin1:;1. McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York,
1991.
• De Chiara, Joseph. Time-Saver Standards for
Buildinia Types. McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1973.
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PICTURE CREDITS
• Plummer, Henry. Poetics of Light
• Birren, Faber. New Horizons In Color
• Architectural Record 6/95 • Hart, Spencer. Frank Lloyd
Wright • Ching, Francis D. K.
Architecture: Form. Space & Order
• Progressive Architecture, September 1993
• El Paso graffiti photograph and city street taken by Adena Alarcon
• El Paso site photographed by Raul Acosta
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• Architectural Dieest 8190 • De Chiara, Joseph Time- Saver
Standards. • Proeressive Architecture May
1995 • Jenks, Charles Frank 0. Gehry • Proe ressive
March 1995
Architecture
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