an analysis of fatal crashes under dark conditions in the ... · driving at night is a common risk...
TRANSCRIPT
Shedding light on the nighttime driving risk
An analysis of fatal crashes under dark conditions in the U.S., 1999-2008
Russell Henk, P.E., Senior Research Engineer
Val Pezoldt, Research Scientist
Bernie Fette, Senior Research Specialist
Teens in the Driver Seat Center
May, 2010
Summary of Analysis
Researchers from the Texas Transportation Institute recently examined nighttime fatal crash
trends over the past decade. The analysis showed that the proportion of drivers involved in nighttime fatal
crashes nationwide has increased steadily from 1999 to 2008, even as the overall fatality rate (measured
as deaths per 100 million vehicle miles traveled) and the total number of fatalities have generally declined
nationwide over the same period.
The ten-year increase in nighttime fatal crashes for 16- to 19-year-old drivers is greater than for
drivers age 20 and older. The higher proportion of these crashes for older drivers can be attributed
primarily to increased alcohol use. However, alcohol as a crash factor did not increase for younger drivers
– and in fact decreased marginally – suggesting that other factors are responsible for the higher nighttime
fatal crash proportion for this age group. Information from various sources suggests that the increase for
younger drivers could largely be due to an interaction of driver distraction caused by talking and texting
on cell phones and other characteristics of nighttime driving.
Figure 1 ‐ The proportion of drivers involved in fatal crashes at night has increased nationwide over the past decade, even as the overall number of fatalities and fatal crashes has declined.
1
Driving at night is the most common documented crash-causing danger encountered by
inexperienced drivers, but surveys indicate that very few of those drivers are aware of the added risk
presented by nighttime conditions. Chances of a crash are further increased when other risk factors are
present, and cell phone use by teens represents a risk factor that has become increasingly pervasive over
the past ten years.
Figure 2 ‐ Statistics suggest that alcohol is contributing to the increase in nighttime fatal crashes for drivers age 20 and older, but the same is not true for teenage drivers.
Background
Driving at night is a common risk factor for all drivers, but it is particularly dangerous for young
drivers. Distractions, speeding, low seat belt use and alcohol are also among the most frequently-faced
dangers, but it is the nighttime risk that ranks at the top of the list for the youngest motorists on the road,
primarily due to a combination of the visibility challenges caused by dark conditions, slower response
time brought about by fatigue, and a lack of experience driving under such conditions. 2
3
Visibility and Fatigue
The average person’s field of vision is smaller without the aid of light, and glare from oncoming
headlights can further limit the ability to see clearly and avoid hazards. And according to the National
Sleep Foundation, the average teenager requires at least nine hours of sleep per night, but typically gets
less than seven hours. The resulting fatigue, especially late at night, can contribute to impairment that is
similar to being intoxicated. These visibility and fatigue issues are exacerbated by the limited amount of
experience possessed by teenage drivers. Without sufficient training and practice, young drivers are at
greater risk, risk that is further compounded by the challenges associated with driving at night.
License Restrictions
It is largely for these reasons that most states include a nighttime driving restriction in Graduated
Driver License (GDL) laws. The laws are designed in part to limit novice drivers’ exposure to the greatest
dangers they face. In most states with a GDL law, the nighttime restriction and a limit on the number of
passengers allowed are the most widely implemented features of that law.
GDL laws vary widely from state to state, and the same is true of the nighttime restriction that
constitutes a key component of those laws. In 2009, both the Highway Data Loss Institute (HDLI) and the
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) documented in separate reports the positive results that can
be expected from GDL laws that include a nighttime driving restriction.
In Graduated Driver Licensing Laws and Insurance Collision Claim Frequencies of Teenage
Drivers, the HDLI determined that the frequency of collision claims declined by 7.3 percent for 16- and
17-year-old drivers who faced a prohibition on driving after midnight. The report further stated that a
restriction beginning at 9 p.m. would produce a reduction of 11.4 percent. In Graduated Licensing Laws
and Fatal Crashes of Teenage Drivers: A National Study, the IIHS determined that a nighttime driving
restriction beginning at 1 a.m. produced a 9 percent reduction in the fatal crash rate for 15- to 17-year old
drivers in 100,000 teenagers associated with specific GDL components. Restrictions beginning at 8 p.m.
could be expected to produce a 20 percent reduction in the fatal crash rate for those drivers, although no
states currently have a restriction beginning at that hour.
Lack of Awareness
Despite its place at the top of the list for young drivers, the danger of nighttime driving is not well
recognized by young drivers. In surveys of nearly 20,000 Texas teenagers conducted by the Teens in the
Driver Seat Center of the Texas Transportation Institute, only 3 percent cited the nighttime risk. In the
4
same assessment, 21 percent of teens reported that they drive after 10 p.m. “sometimes,” and 28 percent
said that they do so “a lot.” Similar results have been noted in more limited survey samples in Georgia,
California and Connecticut.
Findings
Data for this analysis was drawn from the Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS), which is
maintained by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA). The years from 1999 to
2008 comprised the analysis period, reflecting the ten most recent years for which data are available. For
purposes of this analysis, the light conditions coded as “dark” and “dark but lighted” were combined to
reflect the percentage of crashes occurring under those conditions. The analysis examined nighttime fatal
crashes overall, as well as nighttime crashes in which alcohol was a contributing factor
Findings indicated:
The proportion of nighttime fatal crashes rose by 7.5 percent over the decade examined for
drivers age 20 and older, and by 10.2 percent for teen drivers.
This increase was concurrent with a general decline in traffic fatalities nationwide without
regard to age or time of day, which fell from 41,717 to 37,261 (a decrease of 10.6 percent) as
well as a similar decline in fatal crashes from 37,140 to 34,017 (a decrease of 8.4 percent).
The proportion of drivers in nighttime fatal crashes involving alcohol grew by 6 percent for
drivers age 20 and older, but fell by almost 1 percent among teen drivers.
While fatal motorcycle crashes increased sharply overall during the study period (111
percent), the percentage of those crashes happening at night declined by 8 percent.
Cell Phone Use and Texting
FARS data on cell phone use in fatal crashes are not yet substantial or complete enough to have
been considered in this analysis. Experience to date has shown that such data are difficult to collect
consistently, and that events are generally regarded as being substantially underreported. However,
several facts gathered from other sources point to a steady and rapid growth of cell phone ownership and
use, with a significant portion of that use taking place in motor vehicles:
According to CITA-The Wireless Association, the number of cell phone subscribers across
the U.S. grew from 86 million in 1999 to 262 million in 2008 – an increase of 204 percent.
During the same time, cell phone subscribers as a segment of the U.S. population grew from
38 percent to 87 percent.
Cell phone ownership among teens is growing roughly three times faster than it is for adults.
An August 2009 study by the Pew Research Center, Teens and Mobile Phones Over the Past
Five Years: Pew Internet Looks Back, found that cell phone ownership among adults grew
from 65 percent in 2004 to 77 percent in 2008 (18.4 percent increase), while it grew from 45
percent to 71 percent among teens (57.7 percent increase).
A review by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration demonstrates that hand-
held cell phone use by 16- to 24-year old drivers has been substantially higher than it has
been for drivers age 25 and older in each year from 2002 to 2008.
Figure 3 ‐ Cell phone use while driving is considerably more common for younger drivers than for older drivers.
5
6
A November 2009 study by the Pew Research Center, Teens and Distracted Driving, notes
that 82 percent of all U.S. teens own a cell phone; of those who use the phone for texting, 34
percent say they have texted while driving, and 52 percent say they have talked on the cell
phone while driving. The study also noted that 48 percent of all teens ages 12-17 say they
have been in a car when the driver was texting, and 40 percent say they have been in a car
when the driver used a cell phone in a way that put themselves or others in danger.
Recent research indicates that texting now takes place more frequently mongst teens that ever
before and is the communication method of choice for this age group, with 54 percent of
teens texting on a daily basis compared to 38 percent placing a call on a cell phone (daily).
The average teen sends and receives 1,500 text messages a month (3,000 per month for
female teens). Texting is an ingrained part of the teen communication culture.
A 2009 assessment of teen driving behavior in Texas by the Teens in the Driver Seat Center
of the Texas Transportation Institute produced the same finding as the second Pew study
noted above – that 52 percent of teens said they have talked on a cell phone while driving.
According to NHTSA, the highest incidence of distracted driving occurs in the under-20 age
group.
Other considerations
In addition to the distraction element, previous studies indicate that both speeding and seat belt
use should be considered among the factors contributing to all fatal crashes, but especially for those
happening after dark. Research conducted for NHTSA has shown that belt use varies by as much as 30
percent from daytime to nighttime. In addition, speed is present as a factor in nighttime fatal crashes
almost twice as often as it is in crashes during the day.
While motorcycle crashes increased substantially during the period examined in this analysis,
those crashes do not appear to have contributed to the nighttime trend. During those years, the number of
fatal motorcycle crashes did increase sharply, from 2,340 to 4,954. However, the proportion of those
crashes happening at night declined from 40 percent to 36.5 percent over the same period.
Conclusions
The findings of this analysis suggest that alcohol is contributing to an increase in nighttime fatal
crashes involving drivers age 20 and older. However, the same is not true for teenage drivers, suggesting
7
that factors other than alcohol are responsible for the trend of increased nighttime crashes for teens. It is
likely that distractions (a common driving risk factor for teenagers) in the form of talking or texting on
cell phones is prominent among those factors. Other dominant risk factors for teenage drivers (lack of
experience, additional teenage passengers, speeding, not wearing seat belts, and alcohol) have been
present and well recognized for many years, long before cellular communication became prevalent.
However, it is cell phone use – propelled by rapid technological advancement and increased affordability
– that is likely the most notable new driving risk factor for contemporary teens.
FARS data is not yet sufficiently comprehensive with regard to the use of in-vehicle technology
to support the suggested link between cell phone use and increased nighttime fatal crashes. There is,
however, substantial evidence demonstrating that cell phone use is growing rapidly (far more quickly for
teenagers than it is for individuals age 20 and older) and that much of that use takes place behind the
wheel. Furthermore, there are numerous studies documenting the negative influence that cell phone use
has on driving. Clearly, the use of a cell phone complicates the driving task substantially for all drivers.
The effects of this risk factor are compounded by the compromised vision and fatigue that characterize
the nighttime driving environment, and for teenagers, the problem is further exacerbated by a lack of
driving experience.
The nighttime risk is the most common one faced by novice drivers, yet only 3 percent of
teenagers are aware of the dangers presented by driving at night. Consequently, efforts to reverse the
nighttime fatal crash trend face considerable obstacles until greater awareness and understanding of the
nighttime driving danger can be achieved, not only among teenage drivers, but also among parents and
others who influence those drivers.
StatePercent of
Fatal Crashes at Night
Percent of Night Crashes with Drinking Driver
Percent of all Fatal Crashes
at Night
Percent of Night Crashes with Drinking Driver
Change in Proportion at
Night
Change in Proportion of Night Crashes with
Drinking Driver
1999‐2008 1999‐2008
US Total 45.1 22.4% 49.7 22.2% 10.2% ‐0.7%
Alabama 48.2% 18.3% 47.8% 16.4% ‐0.8% ‐10.5%
Alaska 53.3% 37.5% 50.0% 0.0% ‐6.3% ‐100.0%
Arizona 41.3% 33.9% 51.9% 31.5% 25.6% ‐7.1%
Arkansas 41.8% 42.1% 42.1% 21.9% 0.8% ‐48.0%
California 51.4% 19.3% 51.6% 26.6% 0.3% 37.5%
Colorado 44.5% 30.2% 43.1% 28.0% ‐3.2% ‐7.2%
Connecticut 50.0% 27.8% 56.5% 23.1% 13.0% ‐16.9%
Delaware 64.3% 0.0% 41.7% 40.0% ‐35.2% na
District of Columbia 50.0% 0.0% na na na na
Florida 52.3% 4.6% 63.2% 17.9% 20.8% 288.2%
Georgia 37.3% 10.3% 44.2% 8.2% 18.5% ‐20.5%
Hawaii 53.8% 14.3% 46.7% 0.0% ‐13.3% ‐100.0%
Idaho 43.6% 16.7% 39.4% 26.1% ‐9.7% 56.5%
Illinois 49.6% 19.8% 56.0% 28.6% 13.0% 44.2%
Indiana 42.6% 29.3% 43.4% 10.2% 1.8% ‐65.2%
Iowa 41.2% 42.9% 48.9% 18.2% 18.7% ‐57.6%
Kansas 49.5% 40.0% 51.1% 52.2% 3.4% 30.4%
Kentucky 37.4% 34.7% 43.5% 8.1% 16.4% ‐76.6%
Louisiana 52 8% 16 4% 51 1% 20 8% ‐3 2% 26 9%
Percentage of Fatal Crashes Occurring at Night ‐ drivers 16‐19
1999 2008
Louisiana 52.8% 16.4% 51.1% 20.8% ‐3.2% 26.9%
Maine 34.4% 27.3% 42.9% 0.0% 24.7% ‐100.0%
Maryland 50.4% 12.1% 52.0% 17.9% 3.1% 48.7%
Massachusetts 58.2% 23.1% 55.6% 16.0% ‐4.6% ‐30.7%
Michigan 36.9% 23.2% 50.8% 25.8% 37.4% 11.2%
Minnesota 33.9% 14.3% 31.9% 13.3% ‐5.8% ‐6.7%
Mississippi 45.3% 24.2% 48.1% 8.1% 6.2% ‐66.5%
Missouri 51.8% 27.5% 47.5% 24.1% ‐8.2% ‐12.1%
Montana 45.0% 55.6% 62.5% 46.7% 38.9% ‐16.0%
Nebraska 41.8% 13.0% 43.2% 50.0% 3.4% 283.3%
Nevada 31.7% 15.4% 59.5% 31.8% 87.5% 106.8%
New Hampshire 47.1% 25.0% 38.9% 28.6% ‐17.4% 14.3%
New Jersey 50.0% 22.2% 58.1% 14.0% 16.2% ‐37.2%
New Mexico 38.0% 48.1% 47.8% 36.4% 25.8% ‐24.5%
New York 42.1% 19.3% 47.1% 25.0% 11.8% 29.4%
North Carolina 34.1% 16.0% 57.4% 13.9% 68.3% ‐13.4%
North Dakota 33.3% 66.7% 50.0% 42.9% 50.0% ‐35.7%
Ohio 46.2% 19.7% 37.7% 24.6% ‐18.6% 25.1%
Oklahoma 41.2% 27.8% 51.0% 11.8% 23.7% ‐57.6%
Oregon 48.0% 33.3% 33.3% 0.0% ‐30.6% ‐100.0%
Pennsylvania 47.3% 27.0% 38.6% 26.6% ‐18.5% ‐1.5%
Rhode Island 16.7% 0.0% 28.6% 50.0% 71.4% na
8
StatePercent of
Fatal Crashes at Night
Percent of Night Crashes with Drinking Driver
Percent of all Fatal Crashes
at Night
Percent of Night Crashes with Drinking Driver
Change in Proportion at
Night
Change in Proportion of Night Crashes with
Drinking Driver
1999‐2008 1999‐2008
Percentage of Fatal Crashes Occurring at Night ‐ drivers 16‐19
1999 2008
South Carolina 39.1% 15.9% 57.4% 37.9% 46.8% 139.0%
South Dakota 50.0% 58.3% 33.3% 33.3% ‐33.3% ‐42.9%
Tennessee 41.2% 24.2% 52.3% 22.1% 27.0% ‐8.8%
Texas 50.5% 24.5% 53.3% 26.4% 5.4% 7.4%
Utah 26.1% 5.6% 40.0% 0.0% 53.3% ‐100.0%
Vermont 28.6% 0.0% 7.7% 0.0% ‐73.1% na
Virginia 52.4% 18.2% 50.0% 19.3% ‐4.5% 6.1%
Washington 50.6% 25.0% 45.3% 12.5% ‐10.5% ‐50.0%
West Virginia 55.6% 40.0% 37.5% 25.0% ‐32.5% ‐37.5%
Wisconsin 31.4% 24.3% 46.3% 26.3% 47.8% 8.2%
Wyoming 40.0% 50.0% 30.8% 25.0% ‐23.1% ‐50.0%
9
Percent of Fatal Crashes
at Night
Percent of Night Crashes with Drinking Driver
Percent of all Fatal Crashes
at Night
Percent of Night Crashes with Drinking Driver
Change in Proportion at
Night
Change in Proportion of Night Crashes with
Drinking Driver
State 1999 to 2008 1999 to 2008
US Total 38.6% 26.3% 41.5% 27.9% 7.6% 6.0%
Alabama 40.2% 26.2% 40.7% 25.3% 1.4% ‐3.5%
Alaska 33.7% 36.7% 31.1% 26.1% ‐7.8% ‐28.9%
Arizona 38.5% 27.7% 35.4% 24.9% ‐8.0% ‐10.1%
Arkansas 39.5% 37.3% 35.4% 39.9% ‐10.3% 7.0%
California 42.2% 26.3% 45.0% 25.8% 6.7% ‐1.9%
Colorado 30.4% 46.5% 37.9% 39.8% 24.8% ‐14.5%
Connecticut 40.2% 26.6% 36.8% 25.0% ‐8.4% ‐5.9%
Delaware 44.9% 31.1% 55.8% 46.8% 24.4% 50.1%
District of Columbia 71.4% 5.7% 61.9% 15.4% ‐13.3% 169.2%
Florida 42.4% 7.5% 48.2% 27.3% 13.7% 262.2%
Georgia 35.1% 12.6% 39.4% 15.0% 12.2% 18.8%
Hawaii 46.0% 31.6% 51.6% 28.6% 12.3% ‐9.5%
Idaho 28.2% 38.5% 38.6% 41.2% 37.2% 7.1%
Illinois 42.4% 21.8% 41.1% 31.1% ‐3.0% 42.5%
Indiana 33.4% 35.2% 36.3% 16.7% 8.7% ‐52.7%
Iowa 34.6% 35.5% 35.5% 22.8% 2.3% ‐35.8%
Kansas 37.8% 43.0% 44.8% 44.2% 18.5% 2.9%
Kentucky 30.4% 36.0% 36.5% 31.8% 20.3% ‐11.6%
Louisiana 45 8% 21 5% 50 2% 32 0% 9 7% 49 1%
Percentage of Fatal Crashes Occurring at Night ‐ drivers 20 and older
1999 2008
Louisiana 45.8% 21.5% 50.2% 32.0% 9.7% 49.1%
Maine 30.8% 44.9% 30.7% 29.3% ‐0.4% ‐34.8%
Maryland 43.1% 29.6% 45.2% 22.6% 4.9% ‐23.6%
Massachusetts 46.5% 18.3% 39.7% 7.1% ‐14.7% ‐61.1%
Michigan 38.9% 34.3% 35.4% 30.2% ‐8.9% ‐12.0%
Minnesota 30.1% 30.9% 34.1% 29.6% 13.3% ‐4.1%
Mississippi 39.4% 33.4% 38.1% 13.8% ‐3.3% ‐58.7%
Missouri 36.2% 24.9% 40.7% 36.0% 12.2% 44.6%
Montana 40.6% 47.6% 38.9% 48.0% ‐4.1% 0.8%
Nebraska 35.8% 32.2% 31.8% 39.0% ‐11.1% 20.9%
Nevada 37.8% 21.1% 46.1% 33.7% 22.0% 60.1%
New Hampshire 33.9% 50.9% 32.8% 32.8% ‐3.4% ‐35.6%
New Jersey 36.1% 19.6% 46.1% 23.5% 27.4% 20.0%
New Mexico 42.0% 26.8% 39.3% 32.7% ‐6.3% 21.9%
New York 35.6% 18.3% 38.5% 18.2% 8.0% ‐0.5%
North Carolina 35.4% 22.2% 42.0% 26.9% 18.7% 21.4%
North Dakota 39.3% 56.3% 44.1% 50.0% 12.0% ‐11.1%
Ohio 34.8% 24.7% 39.9% 28.4% 14.7% 15.2%
Oklahoma 36.3% 26.4% 35.6% 24.7% ‐1.9% ‐6.3%
Oregon 35.8% 19.8% 39.1% 18.3% 9.2% ‐7.4%
Pennsylvania 40.1% 30.2% 40.5% 38.1% 1.0% 26.1%
Rhode Island 42.3% 17.0% 56.9% 34.1% 34.5% 100.6%
10
Percent of Fatal Crashes
at Night
Percent of Night Crashes with Drinking Driver
Percent of all Fatal Crashes
at Night
Percent of Night Crashes with Drinking Driver
Change in Proportion at
Night
Change in Proportion of Night Crashes with
Drinking Driver
State 1999 to 2008 1999 to 2008
Percentage of Fatal Crashes Occurring at Night ‐ drivers 20 and older
1999 2008
South Carolina 40.4% 20.3% 47.9% 35.4% 18.5% 74.3%
South Dakota 34.4% 50.0% 27.4% 61.8% ‐20.2% 23.5%
Tennessee 37.4% 30.0% 37.9% 26.9% 1.3% ‐10.2%
Texas 42.7% 32.4% 47.2% 28.1% 10.5% ‐13.3%
Utah 31.7% 25.7% 33.1% 15.5% 4.3% ‐39.5%
Vermont 33.7% 54.5% 15.7% 35.7% ‐53.3% ‐34.5%
Virginia 37.6% 27.7% 42.7% 27.0% 13.6% ‐2.4%
Washington 36.3% 29.5% 37.8% 25.7% 4.1% ‐12.9%
West Virginia 37.4% 47.3% 37.4% 41.5% ‐0.2% ‐12.3%
Wisconsin 34.0% 30.9% 35.9% 30.3% 5.7% ‐2.0%
Wyoming 35.3% 37.9% 38.2% 43.9% 8.1% 16.0%
11
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Driv
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Ligh
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Ligh
t Con
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13
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Mon
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US
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5240
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2440
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46.6
3750
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4842
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4556
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Car
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444
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Age
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Con
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S L
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2004
Fina
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47.6
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1555
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2638
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by
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sb20
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S L
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Fina
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Year
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741
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Virg
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6445
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3552
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Wis
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29
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
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by
Age
& L
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Con
d.xl
sb20
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S L
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Con
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%19
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Driv
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2004
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6238
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764
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759
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Ligh
t Con
ditio
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25.4
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829
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6127
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318
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544
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935
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315
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229
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364
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41,
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038
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178
160
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8 Fa
tal C
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by
Age
& L
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Con
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S L
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Con
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of 4
0
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ear-
old
Driv
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atal
Cra
shes
2004
Fina
l FA
RS
20-9
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ear-
old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
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shes
2004
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
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ark
+ D
ark
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Li
ghte
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f To
tal
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ht%
of
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l
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tal
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t Con
ditio
n Fr
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ncy
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nt (A
ll Li
ght C
ondi
tions
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ght C
ondi
tion
Freq
uenc
y &
Per
cent
(Gro
uped
Lig
ht C
ondi
tions
)
Mon
tana
102
42.0
131
53.9
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124
310
0.0
8836
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ska
8929
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432
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50
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th C
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3227
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811
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a31
936
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692
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237
12.8
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241.
313
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1,84
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hode
Isla
nd45
44.6
5150
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101
100.
015
14.9
3029
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50.5
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04
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00.
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1S
outh
Car
olin
a56
646
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549
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310
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127
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00.
01,
213
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thD
akot
a62
302
130
634
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00
5426
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39
130
634
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6230
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063
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100.
054
26.3
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913
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42
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205
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e61
038
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156
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200
12.7
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56.5
271.
736
2.3
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327
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26.3
298.
919
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10
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Ver
mon
t32
29.4
7266
.15
4.6
109
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028
25.7
43.
772
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83
2.8
00.
010
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irgin
ia40
738
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857
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4.3
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0.0
300
28.6
107
10.2
598
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132
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10.
11,
050
Was
hing
ton
268
39.8
373
55.3
334.
967
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178
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9013
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176
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302
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255.
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310
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255.
030
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61
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503
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cons
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535
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360
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7.7
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6434
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12
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31
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
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& L
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sb20
03 U
S L
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Con
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eq &
%
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2003
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RS
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+ D
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Li
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d
% o
f To
tal
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lig
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of
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l
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tal
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of
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tal
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tal
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of
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US
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931
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522
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0.0
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bam
a85
54.8
6340
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4.5
155
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1811
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40.6
42.
63
1.9
00.
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5A
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5142
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3529
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Cal
iforn
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452
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015
629
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822
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.27
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01
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o46
45.5
5150
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101
100.
023
22.8
2322
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50.5
22.
02
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1C
onne
ctic
ut20
57.1
1337
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5.7
3510
0.0
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0.0
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70
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1453
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011
42.3
311
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00.
02
7.7
00.
026
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trict
of C
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bia
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05
100.
02
40.0
240
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20.0
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Flor
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207
48.9
206
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102.
442
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26.2
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648
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Geo
rgia
8236
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258
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313
258
.15
2.2
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50
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16-1
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ld D
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al C
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Year
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Driv
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Ligh
t Con
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Ligh
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50.0
1544
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5.9
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90
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646
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6545
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a24
35.8
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5043
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1136
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Mar
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d51
58.6
3641
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0.0
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5066
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3040
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n91
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52.5
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010
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6733
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4943
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51.3
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311
310
0.0
3531
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4441
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610
0.0
3533
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8.5
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109
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9
32
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
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sb20
03 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
%
22 o
f 40
2003
Fina
l FA
RS
2003
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
teD
ark
+ D
ark
But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
tal
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lig
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of
Tota
l
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k+
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nk
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of
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tal
Dar
k B
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tal
Day
lig
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of
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% o
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k%
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lS
tate
To
tal
16-1
9 Ye
ar-o
ld D
river
s in
Fat
al C
rash
es16
-19
Year
-old
Driv
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in F
atal
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shes
Ligh
t Con
ditio
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eque
ncy
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erce
nt (G
roup
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Ligh
t Con
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n Fr
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ncy
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nt (A
ll Li
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)
Mon
tana
1850
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44.4
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636
100.
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44.4
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00
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Neb
rask
a17
43.6
1948
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7.7
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1025
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1948
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00.
00
0.0
39N
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a27
51.9
2344
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Per
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)
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Ala
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a67
44.4
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151
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379
52.3
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02
1.3
00.
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lask
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60.0
440
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0.0
330
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00
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rizon
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47.7
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22.5
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3439
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786
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Cal
iforn
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950
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015
927
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023
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144
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72
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Col
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49.5
4743
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031
28.4
2321
.147
43.1
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74
3.7
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9C
onne
ctic
ut39
69.6
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0.0
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0.0
2239
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30.4
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00
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56D
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627
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122
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05
22.7
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514
63.6
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Dis
trict
of C
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28.4
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9342
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355
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40
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16-1
9 Ye
ar-o
ld D
river
s in
Fat
al C
rash
es16
-19
Year
-old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (G
roup
ed L
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Con
ditio
ns)
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
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nt (A
ll Li
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ondi
tions
)
Haw
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810
0.0
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00
0.0
810
0.0
225
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00
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131
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6In
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44.1
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34.6
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2443
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018
32.7
610
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4145
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31.1
1314
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76
6.7
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Ken
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y66
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5.0
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37.9
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187
54.0
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54
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1Lo
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6148
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48.8
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710
0.0
4535
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12.6
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80
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Mai
ne13
40.6
1959
.40
0.0
3210
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1134
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6.3
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32M
aryl
and
4550
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290
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20.0
2730
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20
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Mas
sach
uset
ts48
65.8
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4.1
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35.6
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70
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9343
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850
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066
30.8
2712
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850
.53
1.4
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21
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Min
neso
ta46
39.0
6454
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034
28.8
1210
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54.2
43.
44
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00.
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8M
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ssip
pi45
38.8
6556
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041
35.3
43.
465
56.0
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6M
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uri
9344
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555
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0.0
208
100.
073
35.1
209.
611
555
.30
0.0
00.
00
0.0
208
36
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
d.xl
sb20
02 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
%26
of 4
0
2002
Fina
l FA
RS
2002
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
teD
ark
+ D
ark
But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
l
Daw
n+
Dus
k+
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/bla
nk
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tal
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te
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of
Tota
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ark
% o
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tal
Dar
k B
ut
Ligh
ted
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
lD
awn
% o
f To
tal
Dus
k%
of
Tota
lU
nk+
Bla
nk%
of
Tota
lS
tate
To
tal
16-1
9 Ye
ar-o
ld D
river
s in
Fat
al C
rash
es16
-19
Year
-old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (G
roup
ed L
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Con
ditio
ns)
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
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nt (A
ll Li
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)
Mon
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1653
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33.3
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33.3
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Neb
rask
a22
47.8
1839
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13.0
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1737
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10.9
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New
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sey
4350
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786
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18.6
2731
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22
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New
Mex
ico
3855
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33.8
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39.7
1116
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22.
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068
New
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45.6
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4721
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28.6
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217
Nor
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8239
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Nor
th D
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8837
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40.4
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37.6
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9O
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48.3
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6.9
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107
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47.6
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8336
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9R
hode
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nd14
82.4
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0.0
317
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Car
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41.5
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123
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43
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3S
outh
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1250
09
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312
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100
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417
28
39
375
14
21
42
14
224
Sou
th D
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a12
50.0
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12.5
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9850
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2750
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14.8
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7953
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0.0
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ton
5648
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3631
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17.4
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2953
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Wis
cons
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40.9
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633
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612
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00
0.0
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37
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
d.xl
sb20
02 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
%27
of 4
0
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ear-
old
Driv
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in F
atal
Cra
shes
2002
Fina
l FA
RS
20-9
7+ Y
ear-
old
Driv
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in F
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2002
Fina
l FA
RS
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+ D
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But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
tal
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lig
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of
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l
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of
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% o
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tal
Day
lig
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of
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awn
% o
f To
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k%
of
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nk+
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of
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lS
tate
To
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US
Tota
l20
,185
40.0
28,1
1455
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14.5
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18,1
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00.
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0A
rizon
a48
039
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7.5
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0.0
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s21
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2.5
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770
9C
alifo
rnia
1,98
141
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533
53.3
240
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722
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319
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0.0
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15.9
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738
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248
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14.4
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34.1
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5D
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6342
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80
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Dis
trict
of C
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bia
3351
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06
9.4
2742
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11
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1,70
543
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0.0
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Geo
rgia
651
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24.1
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4
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
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ll Li
ght C
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tions
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ght C
ondi
tion
Freq
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y &
Per
cent
(Gro
uped
Lig
ht C
ondi
tions
)
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8453
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39.7
106.
415
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0.0
2918
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35.3
6239
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01
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156
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28.6
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62.8
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630
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7625
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730
1Ill
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4.5
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35.3
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58.6
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11,
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8.4
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330
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165
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4.1
536
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823
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761
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4.1
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225
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912
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5K
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339
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a46
142
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14.4
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420
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41,
074
Mai
ne51
21.3
176
73.6
125.
023
910
0.0
4016
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4.6
176
73.6
31.
39
3.8
00.
023
9M
aryl
and
341
40.0
505
59.2
70.
885
310
0.0
164
19.2
177
20.8
505
59.2
50.
60
0.0
20.
285
3M
assa
chus
etts
263
48.1
257
47.0
274.
954
710
0.0
102
18.6
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29.4
257
47.0
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518
3.3
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254
7M
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608
38.4
905
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724.
51,
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314
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557
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1.8
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5M
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278
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55.7
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0.0
209
27.3
699.
042
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3.7
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84
0.5
765
Mis
siss
ippi
348
36.0
571
59.1
474.
996
610
0.0
307
31.8
414.
257
159
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1.1
313.
25
0.5
966
Mis
sour
i56
240
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959
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0.9
1,40
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0.0
416
29.6
146
10.4
829
59.0
00.
00
0.0
130.
91,
404
38
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
d.xl
sb20
02 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
%28
of 4
0
20-9
7+ Y
ear-
old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
2002
Fina
l FA
RS
20-9
7+ Y
ear-
old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
2002
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
teD
ark
+ D
ark
But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
l
Daw
n+
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k+
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/bla
nk
% o
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tal
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te
Tota
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of
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ark
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tal
Dar
k B
ut
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ted
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
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of
Tota
lD
awn
% o
f To
tal
Dus
k%
of
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nk+
Bla
nk%
of
Tota
lS
tate
To
tal
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (A
ll Li
ght C
ondi
tions
)Li
ght C
ondi
tion
Freq
uenc
y &
Per
cent
(Gro
uped
Lig
ht C
ondi
tions
)
Mon
tana
114
42.5
142
53.0
124.
526
810
0.0
100
37.3
145.
214
253
.02
0.7
83.
02
0.7
268
Neb
rask
a13
136
.721
058
.816
4.5
357
100.
081
22.7
5014
.021
058
.84
1.1
102.
82
0.6
357
Nev
ada
195
42.7
260
56.9
20.
445
710
0.0
9019
.710
523
.026
056
.90
0.0
20.
40
0.0
457
New
Ham
pshi
re69
40.6
9656
.55
2.9
170
100.
053
31.2
169.
496
56.5
21.
23
1.8
00.
017
0N
ew J
erse
y40
743
.848
952
.633
3.6
929
100.
010
911
.729
832
.148
952
.618
1.9
101.
15
0.5
929
New
Mex
ico
192
40.2
269
56.3
173.
647
810
0.0
149
31.2
439.
026
956
.34
0.8
132.
70
0.0
478
New
Yor
k72
840
.799
655
.764
3.6
1,78
810
0.0
285
15.9
443
24.8
996
55.7
352.
028
1.6
10.
11,
788
Nor
th C
arol
ina
735
38.8
1,07
356
.687
4.6
1,89
510
0.0
593
31.3
142
7.5
1,07
356
.653
2.8
321.
72
0.1
1,89
5N
orth
Dak
ota
3431
.273
67.0
21.
810
910
0.0
2926
.65
4.6
7367
.01
0.9
10.
90
0.0
109
Ohi
o65
337
.71,
005
58.0
754.
31,
733
100.
040
723
.524
614
.210
0558
.023
1.3
452.
67
0.4
1,73
3O
klah
oma
317
36.8
517
60.0
283.
286
210
0.0
286
33.2
313.
651
760
.013
1.5
131.
52
0.2
862
Ore
gon
169
34.3
290
58.9
336.
749
210
0.0
119
24.2
5010
.229
058
.913
2.6
153.
05
1.0
492
Pen
nsyl
vani
a75
739
.21,
078
55.9
954.
91,
930
100.
049
825
.825
913
.41,
078
55.9
341.
853
2.7
80.
41,
930
Rho
de Is
land
5152
.046
46.9
11.
098
100.
09
9.2
4242
.946
46.9
00.
01
1.0
00.
098
Sou
th C
arol
ina
491
40.0
682
55.6
544.
41,
227
100.
048
239
.39
0.7
682
55.6
272.
227
2.2
00.
01,
227
Sou
thD
akot
a67
366
107
585
94
918
310
00
5530
112
66
107
585
42
24
22
10
518
3S
outh
Dak
ota
6736
.610
758
.59
4.9
183
100.
055
30.1
126.
610
758
.54
2.2
42.
21
0.5
183
Tenn
esse
e52
238
.976
456
.956
4.2
1,34
210
0.0
376
28.0
146
10.9
764
56.9
251.
924
1.8
70.
51,
342
Uta
h11
333
.619
558
.028
8.3
336
100.
075
22.3
3811
.319
558
.014
4.2
133.
91
0.3
336
Ver
mon
t26
27.4
6366
.36
6.3
9510
0.0
2021
.16
6.3
6366
.32
2.1
22.
12
2.1
95V
irgin
ia44
242
.356
453
.940
3.8
1,04
610
0.0
333
31.8
109
10.4
564
53.9
131.
226
2.5
10.
11,
046
Was
hing
ton
314
42.5
386
52.2
395.
373
910
0.0
206
27.9
108
14.6
386
52.2
172.
319
2.6
30.
473
9W
est V
irgin
ia18
736
.531
661
.610
1.9
513
100.
016
632
.421
4.1
316
61.6
51.
05
1.0
00.
051
3W
isco
nsin
364
37.1
569
58.1
474.
898
010
0.0
294
30.0
707.
156
958
.122
2.2
222.
23
0.3
980
Wyo
min
g60
33.0
112
61.5
105.
518
210
0.0
4826
.412
6.6
112
61.5
63.
34
2.2
00.
018
2
39
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
d.xl
sb20
01 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
%29
of 4
0
2001
Fina
l FA
RS
2001
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
teD
ark
+ D
ark
But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
l
Daw
n+
Dus
k+
Unk
/bla
nk
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l%
of
Tota
lD
ark
% o
f To
tal
Dar
k B
ut
Ligh
ted
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
lD
awn
% o
f To
tal
Dus
k%
of
Tota
l
Unk
+ B
lan
k
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l
US
Tota
l2,
946
47.3
3,01
648
.427
14.
36,
233
100.
01,
978
31.7
968
15.5
3,01
648
.495
1.5
162
2.6
140.
26,
233
US
Tot
al le
ss T
X2,
610
46.5
2,74
448
.925
44.
55,
608
100.
01,
767
31.5
843
15.0
2,74
448
.986
1.5
154
2.7
140.
25,
608
Texa
s33
653
.827
243
.517
2.7
625
100.
021
133
.812
520
.027
243
.59
1.4
81.
30
0.0
625
Ala
bam
a61
39.9
8555
.67
4.6
153
100.
052
34.0
95.
985
55.6
53.
32
1.3
00.
015
3A
lask
a6
42.9
642
.92
14.3
1410
0.0
321
.43
21.4
642
.92
14.3
00.
00
0.0
14A
rizon
a67
51.5
5542
.38
6.2
130
100.
023
17.7
4433
.855
42.3
10.
86
4.6
10.
813
0A
rkan
sas
3136
.950
59.5
33.
684
100.
031
36.9
00.
050
59.5
22.
41
1.2
00.
084
Cal
iforn
ia27
151
.522
843
.327
5.1
526
100.
014
427
.412
724
.122
843
.310
1.9
152.
92
0.4
526
Col
orad
o51
46.8
5045
.98
7.3
109
100.
032
29.4
1917
.450
45.9
21.
86
5.5
00.
010
9C
onne
ctic
ut34
69.4
1428
.61
2.0
4910
0.0
1224
.522
44.9
1428
.60
0.0
12.
00
0.0
49D
elaw
are
1052
.69
47.4
00.
019
100.
06
31.6
421
.19
47.4
00.
00
0.0
00.
019
Dis
trict
of C
olum
bia
210
0.0
00.
00
0.0
210
0.0
150
.01
50.0
00.
00
0.0
00.
00
0.0
2Fl
orid
a19
049
.118
247
.015
3.9
387
100.
010
025
.890
23.3
182
47.0
61.
69
2.3
00.
038
7G
eorg
ia10
942
.113
853
.312
4.6
259
100.
078
30.1
3112
.013
853
.35
1.9
62.
31
0.4
259
16-1
9 Ye
ar-o
ld D
river
s in
Fat
al C
rash
es16
-19
Year
-old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (G
roup
ed L
ight
Con
ditio
ns)
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (A
ll Li
ght C
ondi
tions
)
Haw
aii
1164
.73
17.6
317
.617
100.
06
35.3
529
.43
17.6
15.
91
5.9
15.
917
Idah
o19
37.3
2854
.94
7.8
5110
0.0
1529
.44
7.8
2854
.91
2.0
35.
90
0.0
51Ill
inoi
s12
754
.599
42.5
73.
023
310
0.0
8034
.347
20.2
9942
.53
1.3
41.
70
0.0
233
Indi
ana
7041
.291
53.5
95.
317
010
0.0
5230
.618
10.6
9153
.53
1.8
63.
50
0.0
170
Iow
a30
43.5
3753
.62
2.9
6910
0.0
2333
.37
10.1
3753
.61
1.4
11.
40
0.0
69K
ansa
s55
51.4
5046
.72
1.9
107
100.
038
35.5
1715
.950
46.7
10.
91
0.9
00.
010
7K
entu
cky
4935
.381
58.3
96.
513
910
0.0
4230
.27
5.0
8158
.31
0.7
85.
80
0.0
139
Loui
sian
a73
48.7
7046
.77
4.7
150
100.
059
39.3
149.
370
46.7
10.
76
4.0
00.
015
0M
aine
1443
.817
53.1
13.
132
100.
011
34.4
39.
417
53.1
00.
01
3.1
00.
032
Mar
ylan
d60
57.7
4341
.31
1.0
104
100.
030
28.8
3028
.843
41.3
11.
00
0.0
00.
010
4M
assa
chus
etts
4054
.131
41.9
34.
174
100.
019
25.7
2128
.431
41.9
11.
42
2.7
00.
074
Mic
higa
n83
39.0
112
52.6
188.
521
310
0.0
5827
.225
11.7
112
52.6
41.
913
6.1
10.
521
3M
inne
sota
3434
.358
58.6
77.
199
100.
021
21.2
1313
.158
58.6
44.
03
3.0
00.
099
Mis
siss
ippi
4947
.652
50.5
21.
910
310
0.0
4341
.76
5.8
5250
.51
1.0
11.
00
0.0
103
Mis
sour
i99
51.6
9348
.40
0.0
192
100.
078
40.6
2110
.993
48.4
00.
00
0.0
00.
019
2
40
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
d.xl
sb20
01 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
%30
of 4
0
2001
Fina
l FA
RS
2001
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
teD
ark
+ D
ark
But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
l
Daw
n+
Dus
k+
Unk
/bla
nk
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l%
of
Tota
lD
ark
% o
f To
tal
Dar
k B
ut
Ligh
ted
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
lD
awn
% o
f To
tal
Dus
k%
of
Tota
l
Unk
+ B
lan
k
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l
16-1
9 Ye
ar-o
ld D
river
s in
Fat
al C
rash
es16
-19
Year
-old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (G
roup
ed L
ight
Con
ditio
ns)
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (A
ll Li
ght C
ondi
tions
)
Mon
tana
738
.99
50.0
211
.118
100.
05
27.8
211
.19
50.0
15.
61
5.6
00.
018
Neb
rask
a21
45.7
2452
.21
2.2
4610
0.0
1532
.66
13.0
2452
.20
0.0
00.
01
2.2
46N
evad
a20
58.8
1338
.21
2.9
3410
0.0
1235
.38
23.5
1338
.20
0.0
12.
90
0.0
34N
ew H
amps
hire
838
.113
61.9
00.
021
100.
06
28.6
29.
513
61.9
00.
00
0.0
00.
021
New
Jer
sey
4648
.945
47.9
33.
294
100.
011
11.7
3537
.245
47.9
22.
11
1.1
00.
094
New
Mex
ico
3153
.426
44.8
11.
758
100.
028
48.3
35.
226
44.8
00.
01
1.7
00.
058
New
Yor
k90
42.1
116
54.2
83.
721
410
0.0
5425
.236
16.8
116
54.2
20.
95
2.3
10.
521
4N
orth
Car
olin
a73
39.5
9953
.513
7.0
185
100.
065
35.1
84.
399
53.5
42.
28
4.3
10.
518
5N
orth
Dak
ota
850
.06
37.5
212
.516
100.
08
50.0
00.
06
37.5
00.
02
12.5
00.
016
Ohi
o94
43.7
110
51.2
115.
121
510
0.0
6731
.227
12.6
110
51.2
31.
48
3.7
00.
021
5O
klah
oma
4642
.656
51.9
65.
610
810
0.0
4339
.83
2.8
5651
.93
2.8
32.
80
0.0
108
Ore
gon
2138
.232
58.2
23.
655
100.
016
29.1
59.
132
58.2
11.
81
1.8
00.
055
Pen
nsyl
vani
a11
152
.187
40.8
157.
021
310
0.0
7434
.737
17.4
8740
.84
1.9
104.
71
0.5
213
Rho
de Is
land
866
.74
33.3
00.
012
100.
01
8.3
758
.34
33.3
00.
00
0.0
00.
012
Sou
th C
arol
ina
7151
.465
47.1
21.
413
810
0.0
6647
.85
3.6
6547
.12
1.4
00.
00
0.0
138
Sou
thD
akot
a12
444
1451
91
37
2710
00
1140
71
37
1451
90
00
13
70
00
27S
outh
Dak
ota
1244
.414
51.9
13.
727
100.
011
40.7
13.
714
51.9
00.
01
3.7
00.
027
Tenn
esse
e92
47.4
9146
.911
5.7
194
100.
073
37.6
199.
891
46.9
21.
05
2.6
42.
119
4U
tah
1838
.327
57.4
24.
347
100.
08
17.0
1021
.327
57.4
00.
02
4.3
00.
047
Ver
mon
t2
18.2
981
.80
0.0
1110
0.0
218
.20
0.0
981
.80
0.0
00.
00
0.0
11V
irgin
ia54
37.5
8559
.05
3.5
144
100.
040
27.8
149.
785
59.0
10.
74
2.8
00.
014
4W
ashi
ngto
n58
59.2
3636
.74
4.1
9810
0.0
4141
.817
17.3
3636
.72
2.0
22.
00
0.0
98W
est V
irgin
ia24
49.0
2346
.92
4.1
4910
0.0
2346
.91
2.0
2346
.90
0.0
24.
10
0.0
49W
isco
nsin
4842
.562
54.9
32.
711
310
0.0
3934
.59
8.0
6254
.92
1.8
10.
90
0.0
113
Wyo
min
g2
15.4
1076
.91
7.7
1310
0.0
215
.40
0.0
1076
.91
7.7
00.
00
0.0
13
41
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
d.xl
sb20
01 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
%31
of 4
0
20-9
7+ Y
ear-
old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
2001
Fina
l FA
RS
20-9
7+ Y
ear-
old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
2001
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
teD
ark
+ D
ark
But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
l
Daw
n+
Dus
k+
Unk
/bla
nk
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l%
of
Tota
lD
ark
% o
f To
tal
Dar
k B
ut
Ligh
ted
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
lD
awn
% o
f To
tal
Dus
k%
of
Tota
l
Unk
+ B
lan
k
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l
US
Tota
l19
,223
38.3
28,7
5657
.32,
168
4.3
50,1
4710
0.0
12,1
8624
.37,
037
14.0
28,7
5657
.395
11.
91,
100
2.2
117
0.2
50,1
47U
S T
otal
less
TX
17,4
0338
.026
,346
57.6
2,00
84.
445
,757
100.
011
,120
24.3
6,28
313
.726
,346
57.6
872
1.9
1,02
52.
211
10.
245
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5,10
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1,82
041
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410
54.9
160
3.6
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0.0
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624
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417
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410
54.9
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875
1.7
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14,
390
Ala
bam
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937
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359
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3.8
1,18
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0.0
360
30.3
796.
770
359
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1.9
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90
0.0
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6155
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9.9
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026
23.4
1311
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55.0
54.
56
5.4
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011
1A
rizon
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842
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450
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7.0
1,19
610
0.0
248
20.7
260
21.7
604
50.5
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451
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31,
196
Ark
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s22
331
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565
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2.5
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100.
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729
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2.3
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09
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370
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1,88
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530
54.9
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21.5
896
19.5
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303
35.6
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58.9
475.
585
210
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202
23.7
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242
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353
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6137
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Dis
trict
of C
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380
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01
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Flor
ida
1,60
342
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23.3
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18.8
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51
0.0
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eorg
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134
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250
60.6
102
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310
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060
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2.7
422.
04
0.2
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3
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (A
ll Li
ght C
ondi
tions
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ght C
ondi
tion
Freq
uenc
y &
Per
cent
(Gro
uped
Lig
ht C
ondi
tions
)
Haw
aii
8148
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45.8
106.
016
810
0.0
2313
.758
34.5
7745
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1.8
53.
02
1.2
168
Idah
o73
27.9
180
68.7
93.
426
210
0.0
5621
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6.5
180
68.7
41.
54
1.5
10.
426
2Ill
inoi
s71
842
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554
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2.6
1,67
710
0.0
387
23.1
331
19.7
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54.6
281.
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0.9
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11,
677
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352
31.9
696
63.2
544.
91,
102
100.
024
322
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99.
969
663
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211.
90
0.0
1,10
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191
36.2
321
60.8
163.
052
810
0.0
146
27.7
458.
532
160
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1.3
81.
51
0.2
528
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sas
197
37.7
300
57.4
265.
052
310
0.0
147
28.1
509.
630
057
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1.5
163.
12
0.4
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Ken
tuck
y28
828
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764
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7.1
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0.0
241
23.7
474.
665
764
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3.5
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50
0.0
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507
45.9
573
51.9
242.
21,
104
100.
032
629
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116
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351
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0.5
181.
61
0.1
1,10
4M
aine
5925
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567
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6.6
229
100.
042
18.3
177.
415
567
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0.4
146.
10
0.0
229
Mar
ylan
d33
641
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457
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1.1
819
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015
218
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422
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0.9
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20
0.0
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Mas
sach
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ts25
447
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547
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5.2
537
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079
14.7
175
32.6
255
47.5
112.
013
2.4
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753
7M
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591
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996
59.6
845.
01,
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100.
035
221
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914
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659
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37
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1M
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236
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400
58.7
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668
110
0.0
157
23.1
7911
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19
1.3
681
Mis
siss
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305
34.3
550
61.8
353.
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010
0.0
253
28.4
525.
855
061
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1.7
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20
0.0
890
Mis
sour
i53
743
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255
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0.3
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310
0.0
422
34.5
115
9.4
682
55.8
00.
01
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30.
21,
223
42
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
d.xl
sb20
01 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
%32
of 4
0
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7+ Y
ear-
old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
2001
Fina
l FA
RS
20-9
7+ Y
ear-
old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
2001
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
teD
ark
+ D
ark
But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
l
Daw
n+
Dus
k+
Unk
/bla
nk
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l%
of
Tota
lD
ark
% o
f To
tal
Dar
k B
ut
Ligh
ted
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
lD
awn
% o
f To
tal
Dus
k%
of
Tota
l
Unk
+ B
lan
k
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (A
ll Li
ght C
ondi
tions
)Li
ght C
ondi
tion
Freq
uenc
y &
Per
cent
(Gro
uped
Lig
ht C
ondi
tions
)
Mon
tana
9539
.113
756
.411
4.5
243
100.
089
36.6
62.
513
756
.46
2.5
41.
61
0.4
243
Neb
rask
a99
33.4
189
63.9
82.
729
610
0.0
7726
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7.4
189
63.9
31.
05
1.7
00.
029
6N
evad
a17
243
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556
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0.5
399
100.
091
22.8
8120
.322
556
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0.3
10.
30
0.0
399
New
Ham
pshi
re52
29.9
110
63.2
126.
917
410
0.0
4525
.97
4.0
110
63.2
10.
66
3.4
52.
917
4N
ew J
erse
y36
738
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757
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4.1
953
100.
093
9.8
274
28.8
547
57.4
161.
723
2.4
00.
095
3N
ew M
exic
o17
936
.928
859
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3.7
485
100.
013
928
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8.2
288
59.4
91.
96
1.2
30.
648
5N
ew Y
ork
671
36.7
1,05
657
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5.4
1,82
610
0.0
255
14.0
416
22.8
1,05
657
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2.2
583.
20
0.0
1,82
6N
orth
Car
olin
a65
234
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139
60.6
884.
71,
879
100.
052
427
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86.
81,
139
60.6
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146
2.4
20.
11,
879
Nor
th D
akot
a37
32.7
6355
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11.5
113
100.
029
25.7
87.
163
55.8
54.
48
7.1
00.
011
3O
hio
619
36.5
1,01
359
.863
3.7
1,69
510
0.0
391
23.1
228
13.5
1,01
359
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1.5
362.
12
0.1
1,69
5O
klah
oma
294
38.3
444
57.9
293.
876
710
0.0
260
33.9
344.
444
457
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0.8
202.
63
0.4
767
Ore
gon
178
31.5
364
64.4
234.
156
510
0.0
137
24.2
417.
336
464
.49
1.6
111.
93
0.5
565
Pen
nsyl
vani
a70
637
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074
57.0
104
5.5
1,88
410
0.0
447
23.7
259
13.7
1,07
457
.044
2.3
542.
96
0.3
1,88
4R
hode
Isla
nd45
43.7
5553
.43
2.9
103
100.
010
9.7
3534
.055
53.4
00.
03
2.9
00.
010
3S
outh
Car
olin
a53
443
.660
149
.190
7.3
1,22
510
0.0
511
41.7
231.
960
149
.145
3.7
443.
61
0.1
1,22
5S
outh
Dak
ota
6234
311
664
13
17
181
100
053
293
95
011
664
10
00
31
70
00
181
Sou
th D
akot
a62
34.3
116
64.1
31.
718
110
0.0
5329
.39
5.0
116
64.1
00.
03
1.7
00.
018
1Te
nnes
see
576
38.6
839
56.3
765.
11,
491
100.
039
026
.218
612
.583
956
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2.3
322.
19
0.6
1,49
1U
tah
102
30.3
218
64.7
175.
033
710
0.0
7422
.028
8.3
218
64.7
61.
810
3.0
10.
333
7V
erm
ont
3936
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58.9
54.
710
710
0.0
3633
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2.8
6358
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1.9
21.
91
0.9
107
Virg
inia
349
29.9
789
67.7
282.
41,
166
100.
021
918
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011
.178
967
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1.2
131.
11
0.1
1,16
6W
ashi
ngto
n30
340
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053
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5.8
746
100.
019
426
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914
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053
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3.1
192.
51
0.1
746
Wes
t Virg
inia
153
33.6
285
62.6
173.
745
510
0.0
138
30.3
153.
328
562
.68
1.8
92.
00
0.0
455
Wis
cons
in32
536
.252
358
.251
5.7
899
100.
025
127
.974
8.2
523
58.2
222.
421
2.3
80.
989
9W
yom
ing
7438
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856
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5.2
192
100.
063
32.8
115.
710
856
.37
3.6
21.
01
0.5
192
43
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
d.xl
sb20
00 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
%33
of 4
0
2000
Fina
l FA
RS
2000
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
teD
ark
+ D
ark
But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
l
Daw
n+
Dus
k+
Unk
/bla
nk
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l%
of
Tota
lD
ark
% o
f To
tal
Dar
k B
ut
Ligh
ted
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
lD
awn
% o
f To
tal
Dus
k%
of
Tota
l
Unk
+ B
lan
k
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l
US
Tota
l2,
933
46.7
3,06
748
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44.
56,
284
100.
01,
866
29.7
1,06
717
.03,
067
48.8
113
1.8
151
2.4
200.
36,
284
US
Tot
al le
ss T
X2,
668
46.8
2,77
248
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34.
65,
703
100.
01,
709
30.0
959
16.8
2,77
248
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31.
814
42.
516
0.3
5,70
3
Texa
s26
545
.629
550
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3.6
581
100.
015
727
.010
818
.629
550
.810
1.7
71.
24
0.7
581
Ala
bam
a59
36.2
9357
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6.7
163
100.
044
27.0
159.
293
57.1
31.
87
4.3
10.
616
3A
lask
a11
50.0
1150
.00
0.0
2210
0.0
627
.35
22.7
1150
.00
0.0
00.
00
0.0
22A
rizon
a63
52.9
5445
.42
1.7
119
100.
032
26.9
3126
.154
45.4
10.
81
0.8
00.
011
9A
rkan
sas
3540
.249
56.3
33.
487
100.
032
36.8
33.
449
56.3
11.
12
2.3
00.
087
Cal
iforn
ia24
050
.821
545
.617
3.6
472
100.
012
426
.311
624
.621
545
.69
1.9
81.
70
0.0
472
Col
orad
o41
43.2
5052
.64
4.2
9510
0.0
2021
.121
22.1
5052
.62
2.1
22.
10
0.0
95C
onne
ctic
ut24
55.8
1637
.23
7.0
4310
0.0
1023
.314
32.6
1637
.21
2.3
24.
70
0.0
43D
elaw
are
1458
.39
37.5
14.
224
100.
012
50.0
28.
39
37.5
14.
20
0.0
00.
024
Dis
trict
of C
olum
bia
571
.42
28.6
00.
07
100.
03
42.9
228
.62
28.6
00.
00
0.0
00.
07
Flor
ida
204
46.8
209
47.9
235.
343
610
0.0
9622
.010
824
.820
947
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2.5
122.
80
0.0
436
Geo
rgia
104
46.8
113
50.9
52.
322
210
0.0
8839
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7.2
113
50.9
20.
93
1.4
00.
022
2
16-1
9 Ye
ar-o
ld D
river
s in
Fat
al C
rash
es16
-19
Year
-old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (G
roup
ed L
ight
Con
ditio
ns)
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (A
ll Li
ght C
ondi
tions
)
Haw
aii
735
.013
65.0
00.
020
100.
01
5.0
630
.013
65.0
00.
00
0.0
00.
020
Idah
o21
45.7
2145
.74
8.7
4610
0.0
1941
.32
4.3
2145
.71
2.2
36.
50
0.0
46Ill
inoi
s11
051
.698
46.0
52.
321
310
0.0
6229
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22.5
9846
.01
0.5
41.
90
0.0
213
Indi
ana
6137
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60.0
53.
016
510
0.0
4024
.221
12.7
9960
.01
0.6
10.
63
1.8
165
Iow
a31
36.5
4856
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7.1
8510
0.0
2529
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7.1
4856
.51
1.2
44.
71
1.2
85K
ansa
s49
52.7
4346
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1.1
9310
0.0
3335
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17.2
4346
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1.1
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00
0.0
93K
entu
cky
5947
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48.0
64.
812
510
0.0
5040
.09
7.2
6048
.04
3.2
21.
60
0.0
125
Loui
sian
a59
44.7
6650
.07
5.3
132
100.
047
35.6
129.
166
50.0
21.
53
2.3
21.
513
2M
aine
1246
.213
50.0
13.
826
100.
010
38.5
27.
713
50.0
13.
80
0.0
00.
026
Mar
ylan
d53
55.2
4243
.81
1.0
9610
0.0
2324
.030
31.3
4243
.81
1.0
00.
00
0.0
96M
assa
chus
etts
4668
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28.4
23.
067
100.
013
19.4
3349
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28.4
00.
02
3.0
00.
067
Mic
higa
n99
39.3
127
50.4
2610
.325
210
0.0
6425
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13.9
127
50.4
124.
88
3.2
62.
425
2M
inne
sota
4136
.361
54.0
119.
711
310
0.0
2824
.813
11.5
6154
.05
4.4
65.
30
0.0
113
Mis
siss
ippi
6850
.762
46.3
43.
013
410
0.0
5339
.615
11.2
6246
.31
0.7
32.
20
0.0
134
Mis
sour
i11
655
.095
45.0
00.
021
110
0.0
8741
.229
13.7
9545
.00
0.0
00.
00
0.0
211
44
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
d.xl
sb20
00 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
%34
of 4
0
2000
Fina
l FA
RS
2000
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
teD
ark
+ D
ark
But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
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16-1
9 Ye
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ld D
river
s in
Fat
al C
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es16
-19
Year
-old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (G
roup
ed L
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Con
ditio
ns)
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
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nt (A
ll Li
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)
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1235
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934
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58.8
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rask
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46.9
2653
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0.0
4910
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1632
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00
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6159
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Mex
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1015
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11.4
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th D
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426
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13.3
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9440
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28.9
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2O
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47.8
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1.4
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0.0
2434
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3550
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1.4
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00
0.0
69P
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nia
109
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9843
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8.8
227
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33.5
3314
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43.2
52.
215
6.6
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7R
hode
Isla
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83.3
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325
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Car
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34.8
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259
51.3
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7.8
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5S
outh
Dak
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627
312
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273
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545
29
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91
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Sou
th D
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a6
27.3
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.54
18.2
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9048
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6340
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6053
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Wis
cons
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45
99-0
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tal C
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by
Age
& L
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Con
d.xl
sb20
00 U
S L
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Con
d-Fr
eq &
%35
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0
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old
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atal
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2000
Fina
l FA
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20-9
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old
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in F
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2000
Fina
l FA
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But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
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lig
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of
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% o
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tal
Day
lig
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f To
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US
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2525
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ll Li
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tion
Freq
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Per
cent
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uped
Lig
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)
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7144
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1811
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3622
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13.6
152
28.7
287
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78
1.5
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11,
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46
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
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by
Age
& L
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Con
d.xl
sb20
00 U
S L
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Con
d-Fr
eq &
%36
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old
Driv
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atal
Cra
shes
2000
Fina
l FA
RS
20-9
7+ Y
ear-
old
Driv
ers
in F
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Cra
shes
2000
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
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Li
ghte
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% o
f To
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lig
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of
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l
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of
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Ligh
t Con
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nt (A
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tions
)Li
ght C
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tion
Freq
uenc
y &
Per
cent
(Gro
uped
Lig
ht C
ondi
tions
)
Mon
tana
8333
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859
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6.5
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100.
076
30.8
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814
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71
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937
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5.1
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087
27.7
3210
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2.5
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21
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314
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42.9
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54.9
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235
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5515
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27.5
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5032
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3.2
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037
23.9
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410
064
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New
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362
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58.2
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329
531
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175
36.5
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60.6
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948
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26.0
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928
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357
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11,
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47.7
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4.7
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1,67
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32.9
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310
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Pen
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327
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914
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1.9
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22
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1,85
3R
hode
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45.8
4250
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3.6
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630
36.1
4250
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60
0.0
83S
outh
Car
olin
a50
439
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557
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2.9
1,26
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0.0
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35.2
584.
672
557
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1.5
171.
31
0.1
1,26
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Dak
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6534
611
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188
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324
42
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27
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Sou
th D
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34.6
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47
99-0
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tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
d.xl
sb19
99 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
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0
1999
Fina
l FA
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1999
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
teD
ark
+ D
ark
But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
l
Daw
n+
Dus
k+
Unk
/bla
nk
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l%
of
Tota
lD
ark
% o
f To
tal
Dar
k B
ut
Ligh
ted
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
lD
awn
% o
f To
tal
Dus
k%
of
Tota
lU
nk+
Bla
nk%
of
Tota
lS
tate
To
tal
US
Tota
l2,
875
45.1
3,22
750
.726
64.
26,
368
100.
01,
963
30.8
912
14.3
3,22
750
.799
1.6
156
2.4
110.
26,
368
US
Tot
al le
ss T
X2,
598
44.6
2,97
151
.025
14.
35,
820
100.
01,
782
30.6
816
14.0
2,97
151
.092
1.6
148
2.5
110.
25,
820
Texa
s27
750
.525
646
.715
2.7
548
100.
018
133
.096
17.5
256
46.7
71.
38
1.5
00.
054
8A
laba
ma
8248
.281
47.6
74.
117
010
0.0
6135
.921
12.4
8147
.65
2.9
21.
20
0.0
170
Ala
ska
853
.36
40.0
16.
715
100.
04
26.7
426
.76
40.0
16.
70
0.0
00.
015
Ariz
ona
6241
.379
52.7
96.
015
010
0.0
3020
.032
21.3
7952
.71
0.7
85.
30
0.0
150
Ark
ansa
s38
41.8
5257
.11
1.1
9110
0.0
3740
.71
1.1
5257
.10
0.0
11.
10
0.0
91C
alifo
rnia
233
51.4
205
45.3
153.
345
310
0.0
113
24.9
120
26.5
205
45.3
61.
39
2.0
00.
045
3C
olor
ado
5344
.560
50.4
65.
011
910
0.0
2621
.827
22.7
6050
.44
3.4
21.
70
0.0
119
Con
nect
icut
1850
.016
44.4
25.
636
100.
08
22.2
1027
.816
44.4
00.
02
5.6
00.
036
Del
awar
e9
64.3
428
.61
7.1
1410
0.0
535
.74
28.6
428
.61
7.1
00.
00
0.0
14D
istri
ct o
f Col
umbi
a1
50.0
150
.00
0.0
210
0.0
00.
01
50.0
150
.00
0.0
00.
00
0.0
2Fl
orid
a21
752
.318
043
.418
4.3
415
100.
011
126
.710
625
.518
043
.48
1.9
102.
40
0.0
415
Geo
rgia
8737
.314
260
.94
1.7
233
100.
065
27.9
229.
414
260
.93
1.3
10.
40
0.0
233
16-1
9 Ye
ar-o
ld D
river
s in
Fat
al C
rash
es16
-19
Year
-old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (G
roup
ed L
ight
Con
ditio
ns)
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (A
ll Li
ght C
ondi
tions
)
Haw
aii
753
.85
38.5
17.
713
100.
03
23.1
430
.85
38.5
00.
01
7.7
00.
013
Idah
o24
43.6
2850
.93
5.5
5510
0.0
2138
.23
5.5
2850
.91
1.8
23.
60
0.0
55Ill
inoi
s11
149
.610
747
.86
2.7
224
100.
082
36.6
2912
.910
747
.81
0.4
52.
20
0.0
224
Indi
ana
7542
.695
54.0
63.
417
610
0.0
5833
.017
9.7
9554
.03
1.7
31.
70
0.0
176
Iow
a35
41.2
4552
.95
5.9
8510
0.0
2832
.97
8.2
4552
.91
1.2
44.
70
0.0
85K
ansa
s45
49.5
4448
.42
2.2
9110
0.0
3336
.312
13.2
4448
.41
1.1
11.
10
0.0
91K
entu
cky
4937
.480
61.1
21.
513
110
0.0
4534
.44
3.1
8061
.11
0.8
10.
80
0.0
131
Loui
sian
a67
52.8
5744
.93
2.4
127
100.
049
38.6
1814
.257
44.9
10.
80
0.0
21.
612
7M
aine
1134
.419
59.4
26.
332
100.
010
31.3
13.
119
59.4
00.
02
6.3
00.
032
Mar
ylan
d58
50.4
5043
.57
6.1
115
100.
027
23.5
3127
.050
43.5
43.
53
2.6
00.
011
5M
assa
chus
etts
3958
.224
35.8
46.
067
100.
010
14.9
2943
.324
35.8
23.
02
3.0
00.
067
Mic
higa
n82
36.9
120
54.1
209.
022
210
0.0
5123
.031
14.0
120
54.1
62.
79
4.1
52.
322
2M
inne
sota
4233
.972
58.1
108.
112
410
0.0
3024
.212
9.7
7258
.14
3.2
64.
80
0.0
124
Mis
siss
ippi
6245
.369
50.4
64.
413
710
0.0
5338
.79
6.6
6950
.42
1.5
42.
90
0.0
137
Mis
sour
i10
251
.894
47.7
10.
519
710
0.0
8543
.117
8.6
9447
.70
0.0
00.
01
0.5
197
48
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
d.xl
sb19
99 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
%38
of 4
0
1999
Fina
l FA
RS
1999
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
teD
ark
+ D
ark
But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
l
Daw
n+
Dus
k+
Unk
/bla
nk
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l%
of
Tota
lD
ark
% o
f To
tal
Dar
k B
ut
Ligh
ted
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
lD
awn
% o
f To
tal
Dus
k%
of
Tota
lU
nk+
Bla
nk%
of
Tota
lS
tate
To
tal
16-1
9 Ye
ar-o
ld D
river
s in
Fat
al C
rash
es16
-19
Year
-old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (G
roup
ed L
ight
Con
ditio
ns)
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (A
ll Li
ght C
ondi
tions
)
Mon
tana
1845
.021
52.5
12.
540
100.
018
45.0
00.
021
52.5
00.
01
2.5
00.
040
Neb
rask
a23
41.8
2850
.94
7.3
5510
0.0
1730
.96
10.9
2850
.90
0.0
47.
30
0.0
55N
evad
a13
31.7
2765
.91
2.4
4110
0.0
1024
.43
7.3
2765
.90
0.0
12.
40
0.0
41N
ew H
amps
hire
847
.17
41.2
211
.817
100.
07
41.2
15.
97
41.2
15.
91
5.9
00.
017
New
Jer
sey
4550
.040
44.4
55.
690
100.
011
12.2
3437
.840
44.4
33.
32
2.2
00.
090
New
Mex
ico
2738
.040
56.3
45.
671
100.
022
31.0
57.
040
56.3
34.
20
0.0
11.
471
New
Yor
k88
42.1
109
52.2
125.
720
910
0.0
4019
.148
23.0
109
52.2
52.
46
2.9
10.
520
9N
orth
Car
olin
a75
34.1
133
60.5
125.
522
010
0.0
7132
.34
1.8
133
60.5
31.
49
4.1
00.
022
0N
orth
Dak
ota
633
.312
66.7
00.
018
100.
06
33.3
00.
012
66.7
00.
00
0.0
00.
018
Ohi
o11
746
.212
951
.07
2.8
253
100.
091
36.0
2610
.312
951
.00
0.0
72.
80
0.0
253
Okl
ahom
a54
41.2
7255
.05
3.8
131
100.
049
37.4
53.
872
55.0
10.
84
3.1
00.
013
1O
rego
n24
48.0
2142
.05
10.0
5010
0.0
1938
.05
10.0
2142
.02
4.0
36.
00
0.0
50P
enns
ylva
nia
115
47.3
118
48.6
104.
124
310
0.0
8032
.935
14.4
118
48.6
41.
66
2.5
00.
024
3R
hode
Isla
nd1
16.7
466
.71
16.7
610
0.0
00.
01
16.7
466
.70
0.0
116
.70
0.0
6S
outh
Car
olin
a63
39.1
8754
.011
6.8
161
100.
059
36.6
42.
587
54.0
21.
29
5.6
00.
016
1S
outh
Dak
ota
1250
011
458
14
224
100
09
375
312
511
458
00
01
42
00
024
Sou
th D
akot
a12
50.0
1145
.81
4.2
2410
0.0
937
.53
12.5
1145
.80
0.0
14.
20
0.0
24Te
nnes
see
9141
.211
652
.514
6.3
221
100.
069
31.2
2210
.011
652
.57
3.2
62.
71
0.5
221
Uta
h18
26.1
4768
.14
5.8
6910
0.0
1420
.34
5.8
4768
.12
2.9
22.
90
0.0
69V
erm
ont
428
.69
64.3
17.
114
100.
04
28.6
00.
09
64.3
00.
01
7.1
00.
014
Virg
inia
5552
.448
45.7
21.
910
510
0.0
4441
.911
10.5
4845
.70
0.0
21.
90
0.0
105
Was
hing
ton
4450
.643
49.4
00.
087
100.
032
36.8
1213
.843
49.4
00.
00
0.0
00.
087
Wes
t Virg
inia
3555
.626
41.3
23.
263
100.
031
49.2
46.
326
41.3
11.
61
1.6
00.
063
Wis
cons
in37
31.4
7765
.34
3.4
118
100.
028
23.7
97.
677
65.3
10.
83
2.5
00.
011
8W
yom
ing
840
.011
55.0
15.
020
100.
06
30.0
210
.011
55.0
15.
00
0.0
00.
020
49
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
d.xl
sb19
99 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
%39
of 4
0
20-9
7+ Y
ear-
old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
1999
Fina
l FA
RS
20-9
7+ Y
ear-
old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
1999
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
teD
ark
+ D
ark
But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
l
Daw
n+
Dus
k+
Unk
/bla
nk
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l%
of
Tota
lD
ark
% o
f To
tal
Dar
k B
ut
Ligh
ted
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
lD
awn
% o
f To
tal
Dus
k%
of
Tota
lU
nk+
Bla
nk%
of
Tota
lS
tate
To
tal
US
Tota
l18
,899
38.6
27,8
6256
.92,
230
4.6
48,9
9110
0.0
12,3
6725
.26,
532
13.3
27,8
6256
.994
71.
91,
186
2.4
970.
248
,991
US
Tot
al le
ss T
X17
,144
38.2
25,6
6557
.22,
071
4.6
44,8
8010
0.0
11,2
8625
.15,
858
13.1
25,6
6557
.287
11.
91,
106
2.5
940.
244
,880
Texa
s1,
755
42.7
2,19
753
.415
93.
94,
111
100.
01,
081
26.3
674
16.4
2,19
753
.476
1.8
801.
93
0.1
4,11
1A
laba
ma
530
40.2
722
54.7
685.
21,
320
100.
041
031
.112
09.
172
254
.742
3.2
262.
00
0.0
1,32
0A
lask
a30
33.7
5359
.66
6.7
8910
0.0
2022
.510
11.2
5359
.61
1.1
55.
60
0.0
89A
rizon
a44
738
.564
055
.175
6.5
1,16
210
0.0
224
19.3
223
19.2
640
55.1
272.
338
3.3
100.
91,
162
Ark
ansa
s26
839
.537
955
.832
4.7
679
100.
024
836
.520
2.9
379
55.8
152.
216
2.4
10.
167
9C
alifo
rnia
1,67
842
.22,
131
53.5
172
4.3
3,98
110
0.0
917
23.0
761
19.1
2,13
153
.568
1.7
922.
312
0.3
3,98
1C
olor
ado
215
30.4
463
65.5
294.
170
710
0.0
135
19.1
8011
.346
365
.510
1.4
192.
70
0.0
707
Con
nect
icut
143
40.2
192
53.9
215.
935
610
0.0
4011
.210
328
.919
253
.96
1.7
133.
72
0.6
356
Del
awar
e61
44.9
6547
.810
7.4
136
100.
044
32.4
1712
.565
47.8
21.
58
5.9
00.
013
6D
istri
ct o
f Col
umbi
a35
71.4
1326
.51
2.0
4910
0.0
2244
.913
26.5
1326
.50
0.0
12.
00
0.0
49Fl
orid
a1,
563
42.4
1,92
752
.319
55.
33,
685
100.
085
523
.270
819
.21,
927
52.3
892.
410
22.
84
0.1
3,68
5G
eorg
ia63
435
.11,
103
61.0
713.
91,
808
100.
047
726
.415
78.
71,
103
61.0
251.
444
2.4
20.
11,
808
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (A
ll Li
ght C
ondi
tions
)Li
ght C
ondi
tion
Freq
uenc
y &
Per
cent
(Gro
uped
Lig
ht C
ondi
tions
)
Haw
aii
5746
.059
47.6
86.
512
410
0.0
2318
.534
27.4
5947
.65
4.0
32.
40
0.0
124
Idah
o78
28.2
185
66.8
145.
127
710
0.0
7226
.06
2.2
185
66.8
41.
49
3.2
10.
427
7Ill
inoi
s74
642
.494
353
.671
4.0
1,76
010
0.0
444
25.2
302
17.2
943
53.6
331.
936
2.0
20.
11,
760
Indi
ana
406
33.4
764
62.8
463.
81,
216
100.
029
524
.311
19.
176
462
.820
1.6
242.
02
0.2
1,21
6Io
wa
211
34.6
374
61.4
243.
960
910
0.0
160
26.3
518.
437
461
.415
2.5
91.
50
0.0
609
Kan
sas
228
37.8
355
58.9
203.
360
310
0.0
180
29.9
488.
035
558
.94
0.7
162.
70
0.0
603
Ken
tuck
y27
830
.459
965
.538
4.2
915
100.
023
725
.941
4.5
599
65.5
171.
921
2.3
00.
091
5Lo
uisi
ana
489
45.8
531
49.7
484.
51,
068
100.
031
729
.717
216
.153
149
.717
1.6
181.
713
1.2
1,06
8M
aine
6930
.813
660
.719
8.5
224
100.
052
23.2
177.
613
660
.711
4.9
83.
60
0.0
224
Mar
ylan
d31
443
.138
953
.426
3.6
729
100.
015
421
.116
021
.938
953
.413
1.8
101.
43
0.4
729
Mas
sach
uset
ts22
946
.524
549
.818
3.7
492
100.
073
14.8
156
31.7
245
49.8
40.
813
2.6
10.
249
2M
ichi
gan
677
38.9
971
55.7
945.
41,
742
100.
040
723
.427
015
.597
155
.734
2.0
573.
33
0.2
1,74
2M
inne
sota
233
30.1
491
63.4
516.
677
510
0.0
168
21.7
658.
449
163
.433
4.3
141.
84
0.5
775
Mis
siss
ippi
419
39.4
588
55.3
565.
31,
063
100.
036
033
.959
5.6
588
55.3
282.
626
2.4
20.
21,
063
Mis
sour
i46
236
.280
963
.54
0.3
1,27
510
0.0
364
28.5
987.
780
963
.50
0.0
00.
04
0.3
1,27
5
50
99-0
8 Fa
tal C
rash
by
Age
& L
ight
Con
d.xl
sb19
99 U
S L
ight
Con
d-Fr
eq &
%40
of 4
0
20-9
7+ Y
ear-
old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
1999
Fina
l FA
RS
20-9
7+ Y
ear-
old
Driv
ers
in F
atal
Cra
shes
1999
Fina
l FA
RS
Sta
teD
ark
+ D
ark
But
Li
ghte
d
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
l
Daw
n+
Dus
k+
Unk
/bla
nk
% o
f To
tal
Sta
te
Tota
l%
of
Tota
lD
ark
% o
f To
tal
Dar
k B
ut
Ligh
ted
% o
f To
tal
Day
lig
ht%
of
Tota
lD
awn
% o
f To
tal
Dus
k%
of
Tota
lU
nk+
Bla
nk%
of
Tota
lS
tate
To
tal
Ligh
t Con
ditio
n Fr
eque
ncy
& P
erce
nt (A
ll Li
ght C
ondi
tions
)Li
ght C
ondi
tion
Freq
uenc
y &
Per
cent
(Gro
uped
Lig
ht C
ondi
tions
)
Mon
tana
8440
.611
354
.610
4.8
207
100.
079
38.2
52.
411
354
.61
0.5
94.
30
0.0
207
Neb
rask
a12
135
.819
858
.619
5.6
338
100.
085
25.1
3610
.719
858
.61
0.3
175.
01
0.3
338
Nev
ada
152
37.8
248
61.7
20.
540
210
0.0
8220
.470
17.4
248
61.7
10.
21
0.2
00.
040
2N
ew H
amps
hire
5733
.910
562
.56
3.6
168
100.
029
17.3
2816
.710
562
.54
2.4
21.
20
0.0
168
New
Jer
sey
317
36.1
501
57.1
596.
787
710
0.0
687.
824
928
.450
157
.119
2.2
384.
32
0.2
877
New
Mex
ico
194
42.0
242
52.4
265.
646
210
0.0
161
34.8
337.
124
252
.410
2.2
153.
21
0.2
462
New
Yor
k67
235
.61,
134
60.2
794.
21,
885
100.
027
114
.440
121
.31,
134
60.2
321.
747
2.5
00.
01,
885
Nor
th C
arol
ina
663
35.4
1,09
358
.311
86.
31,
874
100.
055
629
.710
75.
71,
093
58.3
613.
357
3.0
00.
01,
874
Nor
th D
akot
a48
39.3
7259
.02
1.6
122
100.
042
34.4
64.
972
59.0
00.
02
1.6
00.
012
2O
hio
604
34.8
1,06
461
.368
3.9
1,73
610
0.0
434
25.0
170
9.8
1064
61.3
382.
228
1.6
20.
11,
736
Okl
ahom
a29
636
.349
260
.328
3.4
816
100.
025
831
.638
4.7
492
60.3
111.
317
2.1
00.
081
6O
rego
n18
235
.829
057
.037
7.3
509
100.
012
624
.856
11.0
290
57.0
163.
117
3.3
40.
850
9P
enns
ylva
nia
739
40.1
1,01
354
.992
5.0
1,84
410
0.0
451
24.5
288
15.6
1,01
354
.936
2.0
522.
84
0.2
1,84
4R
hode
Isla
nd47
42.3
5953
.25
4.5
111
100.
01
0.9
4641
.459
53.2
32.
72
1.8
00.
011
1S
outh
Car
olin
a49
740
.467
755
.056
4.6
1,23
010
0.0
463
37.6
342.
867
755
.029
2.4
272.
20
0.0
1,23
0S
outh
Dak
ota
5634
499
607
84
916
310
00
5332
53
18
9960
73
18
53
10
00
163
Sou
th D
akot
a56
34.4
9960
.78
4.9
163
100.
053
32.5
31.
899
60.7
31.
85
3.1
00.
016
3Te
nnes
see
574
37.4
889
57.9
734.
81,
536
100.
040
526
.416
911
.088
957
.928
1.8
372.
48
0.5
1,53
6U
tah
113
31.7
227
63.8
164.
535
610
0.0
7220
.241
11.5
227
63.8
82.
28
2.2
00.
035
6V
erm
ont
3333
.758
59.2
77.
198
100.
032
32.7
11.
058
59.2
33.
13
3.1
11.
098
Virg
inia
390
37.6
614
59.2
333.
21,
037
100.
028
827
.810
29.
861
459
.23
0.3
292.
81
0.1
1,03
7W
ashi
ngto
n27
136
.342
557
.050
6.7
746
100.
016
722
.410
413
.942
557
.020
2.7
283.
82
0.3
746
Wes
t Virg
inia
167
37.4
258
57.8
214.
744
610
0.0
150
33.6
173.
825
857
.87
1.6
143.
10
0.0
446
Wis
cons
in30
134
.055
462
.531
3.5
886
100.
025
428
.747
5.3
554
62.5
101.
119
2.1
20.
288
6W
yom
ing
6635
.311
360
.48
4.3
187
100.
061
32.6
52.
711
360
.44
2.1
42.
10
0.0
187
51