working time in the 5 th ewcs: some findings from the overview report greet vermeylen conference:...

Working time in the 5Working time in the 5thth EWCS: EWCS:some findings from the some findings from the

overview reportoverview reportGreet Vermeylen

Conference: how to make a working environment more human?

Slovenia, 6 October 2011

Working time in context

• Evolution of working conditions Diversified work patterns Life course perspective: transitions Men and women on the labour market: availability for work

• Patterns of work and social model Different cultural, social models

male breadwinner, modified male breadwinner, dual earners

Work-life balance, gender… Social infrastructure: care, schools, etc

• European competitiveness in a global economy Companies try to cope with changing market demands Flexibility practices : working time flexibility (&other forms of flexibililty)

55thth EWCS and working time EWCS and working time

• working time duration Working time is decreasing on average

From 40.5 hrs/week in 1991 (EC12) to 37.5 hrs/week in EU27 (2010)- On average men work 7 hrs more than women in paid empl- However: paid + unpaid work: women work more

Time segregation (next to occupational/sectoral/pay segreg)- Women work more shorter hours - Men work more longer hours- But women do bulk of household work

• preferences Preferences do not always match with what we do:

Precariousness, overworked,…

Evolution of weekly working hours, Evolution of weekly working hours, 1991 – 2010, EC12, EU15 and EU27 (%)1991 – 2010, EC12, EU15 and EU27 (%)

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

1991

1995

2000

2005

2010

1991

1995

2000

2005

2010

EC

12 (

/EU

15

from

1995)

EU

27

20 or less 21 to 34 35 to 38 39 to 41 42 to 48 more than 48

Average working hours and Average working hours and distribution of working hours, per countrydistribution of working hours, per country

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

EL

RO

BG PL

SK

CZ

HU SI

MT

CY LT LV PT

EE LU ES

EU

27 SE FI

BE IT AT

DE

UK

FR IE DK NL

Working time duration Working time duration and stressand stress

• Long working hours : - Slightly decreasing but still

54% of self-employed with employees,

43% of self-employed without employees and

11 % of employees - work 48 + hours per week- -> Report more health problems, work life balance problems and work

intensity

- Short working hours (particularly short part time)- Increasing, mostly female phenomenon (gender segregation)- Can be linked with other psychosocial risks mainly related to job and

financial insecurity

Working long hours …Working long hours …

Working less than 48h Working 48 h or more

Problems with work life balance

16% 38%

Work affects my health negatively

23% 37%

Work intensity

(high speed > ½ time)

44% 54%

Work nearly every day in free time to meet work demands

3% 19%

Consulted for your work targets

22% 29%

I feel at home at work 22 % 33 %

Working hours preference, Working hours preference, by gender, age and employment status, 2010, EU27 (%)by gender, age and employment status, 2010, EU27 (%)

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70%

All

Men

Women

Less than 30 years of age

Between 30 and 49 years of age

50 or more years of age

Self-employed

Employed - permanent contract

Employed - Other

More The Same Less

Working hours preference, by country, 2010, EU27 (%)Working hours preference, by country, 2010, EU27 (%)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

BG

AT

RO

EE

KO

LU

BE

LT

HR

HU

PL

SI

CY

UK

NO

CZ

MT

NL

ES

FI

IT EU

FR

LV

MK

SK

DE

DK

PT

AL

IE ME

EL

TR

SE

Same as current Less than current More than current

Working all around the clock?Working all around the clock?

• Working time organisation Standard working time still the norm for the majority of workers (9 to

5 jobs / same hours/ same nr of days etc)This is more the case for women than for men…

But a considerable proportion of workers work at ‘other times’16% of the workers work long days (5+ times/month)10% of workers do night work (+ 3 times/month)17% of the workers do shift work20% work on call53% work at the weekend at least once a month

26% work at least one Sunday a month

Working shifts, on callWorking shifts, on call

Shift work

No shift work

On call Not on call

Problems with WLB

29% 15% 26% 17%

Work affect my health negatively

33% 23% 31% 23%

Work intensity

(high speed ½)

55% 44% 51% 44%

Consulted for your work targets

40% 48% 52% 46%

I feel at home at work

60% 62% 69% 69%

Work intensity at very high levels: Work intensity at very high levels: working to tight deadlines working to tight deadlines

EC12, EU15 and EU27, 1991-2010 (%)EC12, EU15 and EU27, 1991-2010 (%)

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

1991 1995 2000 2005 2010

EU12

EU15

EU27

Work intensity over time – country resultsWork intensity over time – country resultsworking at high speedworking at high speed

Q45a: Does your job involve working at very high speed?

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

2005

2010

Q45b Does your job involve working to tight deadlines?

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

2005

2010

Work intensity over time – country resultsWork intensity over time – country resultsworking to tight deadlinesworking to tight deadlines

Work life balanceWork life balance

Fit between working life and private life is influenced by a nr of elements… Working time arrangements

paid and unpaid work Working time capability

preferences and working hrs by gender/age/household structure

Working time fragmentation employment conditions and working time

Working time arrangements Flexitime, predictability & variability, being able

to take time off, work in free time … blurring fronteers between work and private life

Work life balanceWork life balance

• 18% of workers have problems with work-life balance Men > women esp. men 30-49 yrs old Dissatisfaction for women more evenly spread over career Children and the partner’s work situation is determinant

• But flexibility of workers and employers One third of the workers can easily take 1 hour off

Easier for men than for women More than one third of the workers work in their free time

Slightly more men and for womenNearly 20 % (both men and women) do this more

than once per week

Cinderella … the story continues…Cinderella … the story continues…

21.3

41.8

20.3

43.5

2.8

3.4

2.8

3.4

30.1

20.9

11.6

8.9

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

PT female

FT female

PT male

FT male

paid w ork commuting time second job unpaid w ork5th EWCS

Thank youThank you

More info: www.eurofound.europa.eu

Survey Map Tool, overview report, secondary analyses

Data will be available through Essex Data Archive

gve@eurofound.europa.eu