words (native and borrowed)

Words: Native and Borrowed

by Camila Cuevas A.

Old English and before

Pronunciation

Spelling Usage

Grammar

Meaning Vocabulary

Aspects of

language that change through

time

The most sensitive to the external social

and historical forces

Durable

Non-durable

which is why some words are

Cultural necessity has forced other words into the language by

Borrowing Derivation Creation

Which explains why some words can

resemble one another from language to

language

Words must have been inhertied from

some common ancestor and

graducally changed.

Origin of words

Relationship of Indo-European Languages

Indo-Europea

n

Eastern Europea

n

Balto-Slavic

Indo-Iranian

Western Europea

n

Hellenic Italic Celtic Germanic

Germanic languages

Germanic

East Germanic

Gothic

North Germanic

Icelandic, Norwegian and

Faeroesean

Danish and Swedish

West Germanic

Dutch, Flemish, Afrikaans, Low

German, modest

standard German,

Yiddish, Frisian and English

Invasions and their influence on the language Every invasion

brought changes in the language which still remain in the

present.

Germanic Tribes

Normands

Vikings

Romans

Celts

Conversion of England to Christianity

Re-introduced Latin

Created monastic environments in which

learning and scholarship dlourished.

Old English poetry

flowered

Beowulf

The Wanderer

The Seafarer

The Caedmonian

Cynewulfian

Danish Invasions

King Alfred ‘The Great’

Anglo-Saxon chronicles

Importation of European scholars

and books

Created the first public schools

Translations from Latin to English

The rise of London

The most important commercial city in

EnglandStandard English