women entrepreneurship & trade
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Women Entrepreneurship & Trade: Addressing the barriers for increasing participation
Business Initiative Leading Development (BUILD)
1 April 2019
Women in Bangladesh
Economic Status
Female Labour Force-20 millionEmployed female population- 18.6 millionFemale labour force participation rate-36.3%Employment by informality-91.8%Women entrepreneurs- 0.56 million or 7.21% of the total
Female Employment by Sector
Industry-24.9%
Service-29%
The entrenched inequalities and discriminatory social norms that keep women restricted to low-paid, poor-quality jobs will likely be magnified by the impacts of the 4IR-WEF
Social Status
Literacy rate (7 years & over): 63.4%
HCR of incidence of poverty (2016) : less for the female headed; 19.9% for the female headed household, whereas, it is 24.8% for the male heads.
Women in Bangladesh: Changes in Status
• Industrial development in Bangladesh insufficiently absorbs female workers.
• Women’s enterprises were confined in sectors, such as food and beverage, beauty parlor, health, education, weaving, tailoring and wholesale and retail apparel trade.
• Situation is improving slowly; • Women increasingly take part in the labor force;
• possess top management post in private and public sector enterprises;
• sit in the most important policy making bodies of the country,
• Becoming entrepreneurs and owning enterprises.
• as owners and managers of cold storage, shipping lines, advertising firms, travel agencies, interior decoration, engineering workshops and even garment industries, etc.
Gender Gap
CountryGlobal Index
Economic Participation &
OpportunityEducational Attainment
Health & Survival
Political Empowerment
Iceland 1 16 39 121 1
Philippines 8 14 1 42 13
Bangladesh 48 133 116 117 5
Sri Lanka 100 125 90 1 65
India 108 142 114 147 19
Maldives 113 101 27 144 132
Bhutan 122 104 125 141 138
Pakistan 148 146 139 145 97
Source: The Global Gender Gap Report 2018, WEF
Economic Participation & Opportunity: Rankings by sub-index, 2018
Country Rank Score
Maldives 101 0.622
Bhutan 104 0.619
Nepal 110 0.608
Sri Lanka 125 0.549
Bangladesh 133 0.441
India 142 0.385
Pakistan 146 0.318
Source: The Global Gender Gap Report 2018, WEF
Women in Trade Organizations
• Initiatives and decisions are taken in these trade bodies: Support business community for ensuring better policy support from the government
• Lack of representation of women entrepreneurs in trade bodies: cannot raise their voices for the betterment of women in business community.
OrganizationTotal Board Member Women in Board
FBCCI 61 6
MCCI 13 2
DCCI 18 0
BGMEA 35 0
BKMEA 27 0
BTMA 27 2
REHAB 27 1
Challenges: Addressing Issues
Scale of Operation Small size of entrepreneurship
Lack of capacity• lack of skills in building marketing network,
trade negotiations etc); • Lack of technological skills and use of Old and Manual
Technology-based Production Procedures • Lack of capacity to deal with bureaucratic procedures in
handling businesses
Lack of access to information • lack of information about export markets and
international demand; • lack of information on trade procedures;
Challenges: Addressing Issues (Cont.)
Lack of resources• insufficient capital and difficulties in obtaining
bank loans;• Access to sufficient raw materials
Policy induced constraints and regulatorybarriers
• Challenges on the government policies andprocedures
• Limited participation of women in tradeassociations and chambers;
• Regulatory environment is complex for women tounderstand and deal with
Invisible Barriers Corruption & Briberies Social Taboo
Challenges: Technological Aspect
Online marketing is not popular
Information Ecosystem in the field oftechnology is not in favor of women;
WOB refrain from proper use of ICT andnot aware fully the benefits of its use;
There are a number of machineries/equipment available but because of lack ofinformation/ knowledge they cannot useit;
Cyber-crime discourages SMEs and WOBin this sector to do business, cybersecurities is not enough;
Branding & IPR is not popular
Gender Aspect in SDGs and 7th Five Year Plan
• Plan will strive for just, equitable and inclusive economic growth, gender equality and social development while protecting the environment.
• 7FYPTarget: Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls (SDG 5)
– Gender Parity Index in tertiary education to be raised from current 0.70 to 1.0.
– The ratio of literate female to male for age group 20-24 to be raised to 100%from the current 86%.
– Increase the share of female officers (Grade-9 and above) in
– the public sector to 25% by 2020.
• Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision making in political, economic and public life
• Devise Actions to achieve the targets within 7th FYP (2016-2020)
– Enhance access to and control over productive resources
– Increase participation and decision making
– Improve institutional capacity, accountability and oversight
About BUILD: Who we are & what we do?
• A PPD Platform working since 2011- a
joint Initiative of DCCI, MCCI & CCCI
• Registered under Trust Deed
• Receives support from IFC-WBG in
partnership with the UK Govt. & the EU
• Focused on concrete & demonstrable
business reforms, backed by sound
research and analysis & supported by
strong advocacy
• Established as a structured mechanism
to advocate for private sector through
thematic Working Committees
• Recognized as the strategic partner &
providing Secretarial services to the PSD
PCC at PMO
• Working for regulatory simplification &
unlocking investment potentials,
partnership through MOUs with national
& international organizations.
Report to the PSDPCC at PMO
- Adviser to the Hon’ble PM
- Principal Secretary
Proposed Reforms & Success
Proposed Approved Implemented In process To review
690 341 203 122 333
19
65
63
138
131
87
187
19
57
41
74
46
46
58
13
35
23
43
28
29
32
6
22
18
30
14
17
15
0
3
21
61
77
39
132
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Proposed 19 65 63 138 131 87 187
Approved 19 57 41 74 46 46 58
Implemented 13 35 23 43 28 29 32
In-process 6 22 18 30 14 17 15
To review 0 3 21 61 77 39 132
BUILD'S RECOMMENDATIONS STATUS (2012-2018)
Objectives of BUILD: Inclusion of Gender in sectoral studies
Inclusive platform
Linking industry to academia
Leadership by Tier-1 and Brands
Networking with WE and identify socio-economic barriers for developing entrepreneurship
Acting as Inclusive platform for
including women in
national institutions, policies & agendas
Supporting women entrepreneurs in the private sector through developing recommendations for policy reforms
Capacity building of women entrepreneurs to actively participate in economic operations and developing entrepreneurship
Objectives of IncludingGender Issues in Research
BUILD Studies on Gender Related Issues
Collateral Free Loan for Women Entrepreneurs
Objective: Reasons why the Banks and FI are not allowing WEs to get the collateral free financing that allowed for them by Bangladesh Bank
Recommendations developed on the basis of stakeholders’ consultation
Further research in progress
Developed policy recommendations based on identified problems and findings
Objective: Find out the constraints of access to technology for women entrepreneurs;
Suggest some policy prescriptions for enabling women entrepreneurs to an increased access to technology
Access to technology for Women Entrepreneurs: A Study on Women SME Entrepreneurs in Bangladesh
BUILD Studies on Gender Related Issues (Cont.)
Public Procurement Policy & Gender Perspectives
• Sources of public expenditure, key areas & ministries responsible; Policies on procurement; Weaknesses of general procurement system etc.
•Gendered Public Procurement Policies in Different Countries
•Prevailing Scope for Women & barriers faced
• Developed report: Recommendations with proposed actions
• Policy Recommendation to CPTU
Further collaboration with CPTU for training and awareness building among
women entrepreneurs
BUILD Studies on Gender Related Issues (Cont.)
Baseline Survey to Measure Time, Cost and Process Requirements related to Export and Import for Women-Owned Enterprises
•Identify the process map of exportand import of majorsectors/products;Analyze time/ cost/ processrequirements/ stages/documentation procedure forexport and import of the selectedsectors/products;
Identify the gender discrimination in the process requirement and stages of export and import
Stakeholder consultation on trade related barriers for women entrepreneurs
Initiatives Unveiling Future Scopes
• BIDA, BB, FBCCI, DU, UNDP, Chemonics International Ltd. Advantage Austria, Business New Zealand etc.
Supports & Networking with International & National organization for more research, surveys for WED
• Need assessment workshops to be organized in collaboration of the partners for taking inputs from relevant stakeholders
• Two workshops to be organised on challenges facing the SME sector (Focusing on WE): Marketing Strategy for SMEs & Product Development- Quality & Technological Issues,
• Focusing on promotion of ICT applications to SMEs with adoption of technologies• Future agenda: More issues to be addressed related to SME and WE; policy level
recommendations to be developed at sectoral level
Ministry of Industries/ PRISM/Ministry of Commerce
• Sectoral Studies: Leather & Leather Goods, Footwear, Plastic, Engineering & Electronic Goods
Ministry of Commerce for Sectoral Research
Some Future Agenda
• Awareness building among women entrepreneurs in Bangladesh on SCP in their production operation for sustenance
• SCP Assessment Report for Bangladesh & Road map/ Vision 2030
Growing Awareness Among Women Entrepreneurs on Sustainable Production & Consumption
• Analysis of previous national budgets of the government for identifying the extent of gender related allocation
• Identify areas of gender allocation• Research on identifying areas requiring allocation for women
Gender Budget
• Public Procurement, SME Policy• Business Start-up License Guide
Research for Advocacy for Policy Support for WED
Thank you
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