where are the women?

WHERE ARE THE WOMEN?GENDER, GOVERNMENTS AND GRADUATES

THE QUESTION

50

04

93

73

50

0

WHY?

• Development in a country• Motives in lower-income countries are less

• Quotas• Civic Participation• Private Sector Experience• Willingness To Run

50

04

93

50

04

55

50

0 6

ACTUAL QUESTION

Does female education change women’s representation in governments?

HYPOTHESIS

HYPOTHESIS

Increased representation of females in college level education Increased representation of females in

national parliaments

METHOD

DATA

• WDI• Independent Variable• 4,000 Observations of Tertiary Education Ratios

• Dependent Variable• 3,000 Observations of Parliamentary Ratios

GENERAL INFO

• 91 females for every 100 males with tertiary level education• Standard Deviation: 59.58• Minimum: 0• Maximum: 689.3 (St. Vincent and the Grenadines)

• 14% of parliamentary occupied by females• Standard Deviation: 10.3• Minimum: 0• Max: 56.3 (Rwanda)

CHALLENGES

• Gender Ratios• GDP and Development• Social Biases

ADDRESSING CHALLENGES

• More on this soon• Open to suggestions

RWANDA, UGANDA, SWEDEN, KUWAIT, HONDURAS

CASE STUDIES

RESULTS

CORRELATION

College Ratio Parliament Ratio

College Ratio 1

Parliament Ratio 0.0966 1

REGRESSION

College Ratio

Coefficient

Standard

Error

t P > |t| 95% Conf.Lower

95% Conf.Upper

Parliament Ratio

.486 .127 3.83 0.000 .238 .735

_cons 103.567 2.366 43.77 0.000 98.926 108.208

MORE RESULTS COMING SOON!

QUANTUM CONCLUSIONBOTH RIGHT AND WRONG

WHAT TO EXPECT

• Promising Data but selection problems

IF RIGHT

• Current Approaches• Political Changes• Funding• Awareness

• Solution• Education = Starting Point

IF WRONG

• New Approach• Don’t make Women better Leaders• Make people better voters

WHY DO WE CARE

EQUITABLE GOVERNMENT -> EQUITABLE SOCIETIES

• Female Friendly Social Policies?• Overall Education• Healthcare