what a little less sizzle at work
Post on 10-Apr-2018
225 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 1/28
What a little less Sizzle at Work
Well than teach your employeesWell than teach your employeeselectrical safety practiceselectrical safety practices
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 2/28
ELE
CTRICAL
SAFE
TY HAZARDSArc-Flash and Shock Hazard
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 3/28
Q uestions
Do you have workers install power cables on energized panels? (example:
running new circuit for server rack?)
Do you have work/modifications performed on energized electrical
systems? (example: upgrading power, UPS, generator systems?)
Do you commission live electrical systems (example: UPS, batteries,generators, PDUs)
Do your UPS vendors service equipment while energized?
Do your employees have unrestricted access to areas where energized
electrical equipment is open or being worked on?
Is you data center designed to allow electrical equipment to be de-energized without shutting down the IT loads?
Do you understand the potential risks, hazards and liabilities associated
with these questions?
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 4/28
Observations
Compliance with existing safety laws mayrequire you to change how you manage,operate and design your data center
Data centers require large amounts of power and this increases safety risks Data centers do not like to shut down and
this increases electrical safety risks Many people choose to ignore, deny or
dismiss their responsibilities when itcomes to electrical safety and thisincreases risks and liabilities
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 5/28
Electrical Facts
Electricity will take path of any resistance including you!!
Electric current will always return to the source (utility
transformer or separately derived source)
Electricity flows in complete paths, if you complete the path you
will get shocked!
The earth is a ground fault current path!
The earth can conduct enough electrical current to
electrocute a person The earth shall not be considered as an effective ground-
fault path. (An earth ground could or could not cause
overcurrent devices to open)
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 6/28
Electricity Risk Areas
Electrical Shock Hazards ± Existing standards and practices address many of
these risks
Arc Flash/Burn Hazards ± Existing Standards and practices address some
these risks
Arc Blast Hazards ± Existing standards and practices address very few
of these risks
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 7/28
Risk issues
Both employer and employee risks
Injury or death to personnel
Rehab / disabilities
Lost / damaged equipment
Unplanned outages and repairs
Increased insurance and workercompensation costs
Expensive lawsuits
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 8/28
Shock Hazards
Most personnel are aware that there is a dangerof electrical shock, even electrocution. Its theone electrical hazard around which mostelectrical safety standards have been built.
However, few people really understand just howlittle current is required to cause injury, evendeath. Actually, the current drawn by a 7.5W,
120V lamp, passing across the chest, from hand-to-hand or hand-to-foot, is enough to causedeath by electrocution.
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 9/28
Shock Hazards
The human body will conduct electrical current! A circuitpath can be through both arms, through an arm or leg toground, or through any body surface to ground. There is acertain current level at which an individual cannotvoluntarily release from the circuit. This is the "no let gocurrent" from which burns and death by electrocution canresult.
When the current increases to about 0.015 to 0.020 amperes,it becomes impossible to let go of the circuit. At higher
values of current, e.g. above about 0.100 amperes,ventricular fibrillation and/or heart stoppage will causecertain death.
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 10/28
Arc-Flash Hazards
Arc-Fl ash is an unexpected sudden release of heatand light energy produced by electricity travelingthrough air.
This explosive condition includes a broad spectrum
of electromagnetic energy, plasma, fragments anda spray of molten materials.
Temperatures at the arc terminals can exceed35,000 deg F, (4 times hotter than the surface of the sun)
Air and gases surrounding the arc are instantlyheated and the conductors are vaporized causing apressure wave called an Arc Bl ast .
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 11/28
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 12/28
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 13/28
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 14/28
Arc-Flash Hazards
Burns from direct heat exposure orclothing ignition. At distances of morethan 10 feet, arc flash is capable of causingserious burns requiring skin grafts.
Loss of eyesight from UV light emitted byvaporized metal
Death
Equipment damage/outages
Fire
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 15/28
Burn Hazard
First-degree burns are limited to the top layer of skin: ± Signs and symptoms: These burns produce redness, pain,
and minor swelling. The skin is dry without blisters.
± Heal i ng t i me: Healing time is about 3 to 6 days; the
superficial skin layer over the burn may peel off in 1 or 2days.
Second-degree burns are more serious and involve theskin layers beneath the top layer: ±
Signs and symptoms: These burns produce blisters, severepain, and redness. The blisters sometimes break open andthe area is wet looking with a bright pink to cherry red color.
± Heal i ng t i me: Healing time varies depending on the severityof the burn
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 16/28
Burn Hazard
Third-degree burns are the most serious type of burn and involveall the layers of the skin and underlying tissue: ± Signs and symptoms: The surface appears dry and can look waxy
white, leathery, brown, or charred. There may be little or no pain orthe area may feel numb at first because of nerve damage.
±Heal i ng t i me: Healing time depends on the severity of the burn.Deep second- and third-degree burns (called full-thickness burns)will likely need to be treated with skin grafts, in which healthy skin istaken from another part of the body and surgically placed over theburn wound to help the area heal.
Internal burns muscle, organs, veins, ± Could continue to burn after shock event due to internal heating
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 17/28
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
Photos
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 18/28
Arc-Flash Metrics
The amount of instantaneous heat energyreleased by an Arc-Flash is called incidentenergy.
Expressed in calories per squarecentimeter (cal/cm²)
Five Hazard Risk categories
(HRC 0 to 4) Calculations are based on working
distance of 18 from arc terminals
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 19/28
Arc-Blast Hazards
High energy arc-flash heats and expands air
Vaporized copper expands 67,000 times its
mass when it changes from solid to vapor Blast pressure can exceed 2000 pounds per
square foot.
Blast speed can exceed 700 MPH
Injuries from falls or collision with equipment.An arc fault of 50 kA can accelerate a nearbyworker at speeds of up to 110 mph.
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 20/28
Arc Blast Hazards
Hearing damage or total hearing loss fromruptured eardrums. The sound of a blastcan exceed 160 dB. (Sounds above 140 dBcause hearing loss even with protectiveequipment.)
Lung collapse or scarring from the shockwave and inhalation of vaporized metal
Memory loss and other neurologicaldamage from concussion
Injuries from flying shrapnel Death Equipment damage
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 21/28
Electrical Safety Compliance
NFPA 70
National Electrical Code
NFPA 70E
Electrical Workplace Safety
NFPA 70BElectrical Equipment
Maintenance
Law, rules,
regulation
OH &SInstallation codes, safe
products, safe installation,
inspections and enforcement
Policies, procedures, training, risk analysis,
qualified workers, PPE
Scheduled maintenance, testing and
replacement per manufacture and
industry best practices
P bar Y Safety
Consultants
AlbertaCanada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 22/28
Four Protection Boundaries
Flash Protection Boundary (FPB)Safe approach distance from energized parts <1.2 cal/cm²
Three shock approach boundaries1. Limited Approach Boundary
Unqualified persons must be accompanied by aqualified person and use PPE2. Restricted Approach Boundary
Only qualified persons are allowed in this areaand must use PPE
3. Prohibited Approach BoundaryWork in this area considered the same asmaking direct contact with energized parts.Only qualified persons are allowed in thisarea and must use PPE
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 23/28
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 24/28
PPE
Personal Protective Equipment
Provides shock and arc flash burn protection
Suits are rated in cal/cm²
Electrically rated shoes, gloves
Resistant to flame and
self-extinguishing
Thermal insulation from
heat radiation
Over 40 cal = arc flash/blastthat you cannot be protected
from, you could be killed!
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 25/28
Q ualified Individuals
Q ualified workers must be
knowledgeable on the equipment and
the hazards that exist and receivedocumented training.
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 26/28
Employee Training
An essential element in an effective electrical safety program is
training. From both a legal and effective point of view, training
records are important. Training should be based on the program
and procedures in place within an organization. The trainingshould focus first on increasing knowledge and understanding of
electrical hazards and second on how to avoid exposure to
these hazards. As a person completes a specific segment of
training, a record should be established and maintained. An
electrical safety program should accomplish the following
objectives: Make personnel aware of the rules, responsibilities
and procedures for working safely in an electrical environment;
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 27/28
Documentation
Demonstrate the employers intention to fully comply with
federal law;
Document general requirements and guidelines to provide
workplace facilities free from unauthorized exposure toelectrical hazards;
Document general requirements and guidelines to direct the
activities of personnel, who could be either deliberately, or
accidentally, exposed to electrical hazards;
Encourage, and make it easier for each employee to beresponsible for his or her own electrical safety self-discipline.
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
8/8/2019 What a Little Less Sizzle at Work
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/what-a-little-less-sizzle-at-work 28/28
Summary
Employers/owners have requirements includingproviding appropriate PPE
Employees have requirements
Contractors have requirements
Cannot transfer liabilities and responsibilities
Get trained!
Perform Electrical Hazard Analysis Use appropriate PPE
Keep unqualified persons out of hazard areas
P bar Y Safety Consultants Alberta Canada
top related