week 11 the environment; globalization. 11/7/20052 review: week 10 relations between developing and...

Week 11Week 11

The Environment;Globalization

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Review: Week 10Review: Week 10• Relations Between Developing and

Developed Nation-States– Competing theoretical views– Strategies of development– Historical and Future Issues

• The Politics of Oil– OPEC– Other commodity producers

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OutlineOutline• The Environment

– Two approaches to management– A Security Issue– Rio and Kyoto protocols

• Globalization: Non-state actors– Effects on states– Types of influence

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Tragedy of the CommonsTragedy of the Commons• Self-interested behavior makes

everyone worse off– Benefits are concentrated– Costs are diffuse

• Analogy: “commons” in English village

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Tragedy of the CommonsTragedy of the Commons• http://www.odu.edu/~dearnest/abm/

commons.html

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Tragedy of the CommonsTragedy of the Commons• Two approaches

– International regimes– Market Solutions

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DisparitiesDisparities• Developed World

– 17 percent of population

– 12.4 metric tons of CO2 emission per person

– 5,421 kg of oil per capita

• Developing World– 83 percent of the

population– 2.2 metric tons per

person– 968 kg of oil per

capita

Source: World Development Indicators 2005, World Bank

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A Security IssueA Security Issue• Economic impacts• Cross-border

effects• Competition for

scarce resources

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International EffortsInternational Efforts• CFC Agreement• Rio Summit 1992• Kyoto Summit 1997

– Market-based solutions

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““Ecocide”Ecocide”• Former Soviet

Union• China today?

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““Non-state” actorsNon-state” actors• Review

– International organizations– NGOs– Networks

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““Non-state” actorsNon-state” actors• Effects on states

– Constrain behavior– Define/re-define interests

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Four types of influenceFour types of influence• Knowledge

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Four types of influenceFour types of influence• Money

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Four types of influenceFour types of influence• Organizational

power

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Four types of influenceFour types of influence• Legitimacy/moral

authority