waterware concepts and data requirements

WaterWareWaterWareconcepts and data concepts and data

requirementsrequirements

WaterWareWaterWareconcepts and data concepts and data

requirementsrequirements

DDr. Kurt Fedra ESS GmbH, Austriakurt@ess.co.at http://www.ess.co.atEnvironmental Software & Services A-2352 Gumpoldskirchen

DDr. Kurt Fedra ESS GmbH, Austriakurt@ess.co.at http://www.ess.co.atEnvironmental Software & Services A-2352 Gumpoldskirchen

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Water Resources ManagementWater Resources Management

must be analyzed in a broad must be analyzed in a broad systems context:systems context:– Socio-economic aspectsSocio-economic aspects (costs and (costs and

benefits, jobs, institutions, regulations)benefits, jobs, institutions, regulations)

– Environmental aspectsEnvironmental aspects (water (water quality, water allocation, alternative use)quality, water allocation, alternative use)

– Technological aspectsTechnological aspects (constraints, (constraints, BAT, clean technologies, water BAT, clean technologies, water efficiency, reuse and recycling)efficiency, reuse and recycling)

must be analyzed in a broad must be analyzed in a broad systems context:systems context:– Socio-economic aspectsSocio-economic aspects (costs and (costs and

benefits, jobs, institutions, regulations)benefits, jobs, institutions, regulations)

– Environmental aspectsEnvironmental aspects (water (water quality, water allocation, alternative use)quality, water allocation, alternative use)

– Technological aspectsTechnological aspects (constraints, (constraints, BAT, clean technologies, water BAT, clean technologies, water efficiency, reuse and recycling)efficiency, reuse and recycling)

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A river basin perspective:A river basin perspective:

Basic principle:Basic principle:

Conservation lawsConservation laws (mass, energy) are used (mass, energy) are used to describe dynamic water budgets.to describe dynamic water budgets.

Basic unit: Basic unit: hydrographic catchmenthydrographic catchment or river or river basin, naturally bounded, well defined.basin, naturally bounded, well defined.

Complications: Complications:

• inter-basin transferinter-basin transfer

• aquifer across catchments boundariesaquifer across catchments boundaries

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EU Regulatory responseEU Regulatory response

Directive 2000/60/ECDirective 2000/60/EC

Framework for Community action Framework for Community action in the field of water policy.in the field of water policy.

(11) Objectives of preserving, (11) Objectives of preserving, protecting, and improving the protecting, and improving the environment … rectified at environment … rectified at source, source, polluter should paypolluter should pay..

Directive 2000/60/ECDirective 2000/60/EC

Framework for Community action Framework for Community action in the field of water policy.in the field of water policy.

(11) Objectives of preserving, (11) Objectives of preserving, protecting, and improving the protecting, and improving the environment … rectified at environment … rectified at source, source, polluter should paypolluter should pay..

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2000/60/EC2000/60/EC

(12) …balanced development … (12) …balanced development … potential potential benefits and costsbenefits and costs of of action or lack of action.action or lack of action.

(17)(17)Policy must take into account …Policy must take into account …vulnerabilityvulnerability of aquatic of aquatic ecosystems …ecosystems …

(27) (27) Ultimate objectiveUltimate objective … … elimination of priority hazardous elimination of priority hazardous substances …2455/2001/ECsubstances …2455/2001/EC

(12) …balanced development … (12) …balanced development … potential potential benefits and costsbenefits and costs of of action or lack of action.action or lack of action.

(17)(17)Policy must take into account …Policy must take into account …vulnerabilityvulnerability of aquatic of aquatic ecosystems …ecosystems …

(27) (27) Ultimate objectiveUltimate objective … … elimination of priority hazardous elimination of priority hazardous substances …2455/2001/ECsubstances …2455/2001/EC

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2000/60/EC2000/60/EC

(33) Unit: (33) Unit: river basinriver basin (same (same ecological, hydrological and ecological, hydrological and hydrogeological system); hydrogeological system); transboundary coordination.transboundary coordination.

(36) Development of water (36) Development of water statusstatus … … monitoredmonitored by the Member by the Member States on a systematic and States on a systematic and comparable basis.comparable basis.

(33) Unit: (33) Unit: river basinriver basin (same (same ecological, hydrological and ecological, hydrological and hydrogeological system); hydrogeological system); transboundary coordination.transboundary coordination.

(36) Development of water (36) Development of water statusstatus … … monitoredmonitored by the Member by the Member States on a systematic and States on a systematic and comparable basis.comparable basis.

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2000/60/EC2000/60/EC

(38) .. Use of (38) .. Use of economic economic instrumentsinstruments …may be …may be appropriate. appropriate.

An economic analysis of water An economic analysis of water services based on long-term services based on long-term forecasts of supply and demandforecasts of supply and demand for water in the river basin for water in the river basin district will be necessary …district will be necessary …

(38) .. Use of (38) .. Use of economic economic instrumentsinstruments …may be …may be appropriate. appropriate.

An economic analysis of water An economic analysis of water services based on long-term services based on long-term forecasts of supply and demandforecasts of supply and demand for water in the river basin for water in the river basin district will be necessary …district will be necessary …

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2000/60/EC2000/60/EC

(46) ..ensure the participation of (46) ..ensure the participation of the the general publicgeneral public … in the … in the establishment and updating of establishment and updating of river basin management river basin management plans…plans…

……provideprovide proper proper informationinformation

(Article 14, public information and (Article 14, public information and consultation)consultation)

(46) ..ensure the participation of (46) ..ensure the participation of the the general publicgeneral public … in the … in the establishment and updating of establishment and updating of river basin management river basin management plans…plans…

……provideprovide proper proper informationinformation

(Article 14, public information and (Article 14, public information and consultation)consultation)

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2000/60/EC2000/60/EC

Article 5: Member States shall ensure Article 5: Member States shall ensure for for each river basin districteach river basin district::

1.1.Analysis of its Analysis of its characteristicscharacteristics

2.2.A review of impacts of A review of impacts of human activities …human activities …

3.3.An economic analysis of An economic analysis of water use.water use.

Article 5: Member States shall ensure Article 5: Member States shall ensure for for each river basin districteach river basin district::

1.1.Analysis of its Analysis of its characteristicscharacteristics

2.2.A review of impacts of A review of impacts of human activities …human activities …

3.3.An economic analysis of An economic analysis of water use.water use.

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2000/60/EC2000/60/EC

Article 9: Article 9: Recovery of costsRecovery of costs for for water services (Annex III), water services (Annex III), polluter pays principle.polluter pays principle.

PricingPricing policies for policies for efficient useefficient use..

Adequate contributions of different Adequate contributions of different groups (industry, agriculture, groups (industry, agriculture, households)households)

Article 9: Article 9: Recovery of costsRecovery of costs for for water services (Annex III), water services (Annex III), polluter pays principle.polluter pays principle.

PricingPricing policies for policies for efficient useefficient use..

Adequate contributions of different Adequate contributions of different groups (industry, agriculture, groups (industry, agriculture, households)households)

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2000/60/EC2000/60/EC

In summaryIn summary::• Integrated management Integrated management (P/NP, S/G, (P/NP, S/G,

Q/Q)Q/Q)

• River-basin orientedRiver-basin oriented• River basin management plans, River basin management plans,

monitoring, reportingmonitoring, reporting• Economic analysis and instruments Economic analysis and instruments

(efficiency)(efficiency)• Public information and consultationPublic information and consultation

In summaryIn summary::• Integrated management Integrated management (P/NP, S/G, (P/NP, S/G,

Q/Q)Q/Q)

• River-basin orientedRiver-basin oriented• River basin management plans, River basin management plans,

monitoring, reportingmonitoring, reporting• Economic analysis and instruments Economic analysis and instruments

(efficiency)(efficiency)• Public information and consultationPublic information and consultation

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WaterWare (EUREKA 486)WaterWare (EUREKA 486)

is an information and decision support system for water resources management. – support river-basin scale planning,

operational management,

• monitoring, • water allocation, • pollution control, • environmental impact assessment tasks.

is an information and decision support system for water resources management. – support river-basin scale planning,

operational management,

• monitoring, • water allocation, • pollution control, • environmental impact assessment tasks.

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WaterWare (EUREKA 486)WaterWare (EUREKA 486)

Object-oriented structure includingObject-oriented structure including• Embedded GIS; basic topography, Embedded GIS; basic topography, DEM, DEM,

land use/cover, soils, geology, surface water,…land use/cover, soils, geology, surface water,…

• Monitoring data (real-time)Monitoring data (real-time)• Water resources networkWater resources network (topological) of (topological) of

NODES and REACHESNODES and REACHES

• Demand/supply objects (e.g., cities)Demand/supply objects (e.g., cities)• Simulation Models Simulation Models (supply, demand, quality, economics)(supply, demand, quality, economics)

• Optimisation, EIA expert systemOptimisation, EIA expert system

Object-oriented structure includingObject-oriented structure including• Embedded GIS; basic topography, Embedded GIS; basic topography, DEM, DEM,

land use/cover, soils, geology, surface water,…land use/cover, soils, geology, surface water,…

• Monitoring data (real-time)Monitoring data (real-time)• Water resources networkWater resources network (topological) of (topological) of

NODES and REACHESNODES and REACHES

• Demand/supply objects (e.g., cities)Demand/supply objects (e.g., cities)• Simulation Models Simulation Models (supply, demand, quality, economics)(supply, demand, quality, economics)

• Optimisation, EIA expert systemOptimisation, EIA expert system

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WaterWare (EUREKA 486)WaterWare (EUREKA 486)

Embedded GISEmbedded GIS::

All objects are georeferenced.All objects are georeferenced.

Background maps:Background maps:• Landuse, land cover, infrastructureLanduse, land cover, infrastructure• Water courses and surface waterWater courses and surface water• Geology, groundwaterGeology, groundwater• Digitial Terrain model (DEM)Digitial Terrain model (DEM)

Embedded GISEmbedded GIS::

All objects are georeferenced.All objects are georeferenced.

Background maps:Background maps:• Landuse, land cover, infrastructureLanduse, land cover, infrastructure• Water courses and surface waterWater courses and surface water• Geology, groundwaterGeology, groundwater• Digitial Terrain model (DEM)Digitial Terrain model (DEM)

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WaterWare (EUREKA 486)WaterWare (EUREKA 486)

Is a system of linked (cascading) dynamic Is a system of linked (cascading) dynamic bass budget models:bass budget models:

• Operates on a Operates on a DAILY time stepDAILY time step• Keeps track of all demand and supply data Keeps track of all demand and supply data

(and associated (and associated costs and benefitscosts and benefits) for ) for each node at each time stepeach node at each time step

• Usual operational period:Usual operational period:– Water year (12 months)Water year (12 months)

• Reports for arbitrary sets of nodes Reports for arbitrary sets of nodes (classes), can compute reliability in a (classes), can compute reliability in a stochastic framework.stochastic framework.

Is a system of linked (cascading) dynamic Is a system of linked (cascading) dynamic bass budget models:bass budget models:

• Operates on a Operates on a DAILY time stepDAILY time step• Keeps track of all demand and supply data Keeps track of all demand and supply data

(and associated (and associated costs and benefitscosts and benefits) for ) for each node at each time stepeach node at each time step

• Usual operational period:Usual operational period:– Water year (12 months)Water year (12 months)

• Reports for arbitrary sets of nodes Reports for arbitrary sets of nodes (classes), can compute reliability in a (classes), can compute reliability in a stochastic framework.stochastic framework.

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WaterWare (EUREKA 486)WaterWare (EUREKA 486)

Monitoring data (daily time series)Monitoring data (daily time series)::Monitoring stations area georeferenced.Monitoring stations area georeferenced.• Meteorological data (precipitation, Meteorological data (precipitation,

temperature, PEVT)temperature, PEVT)• Flow dataFlow data

– Cannel flow, pumping, diversions, Cannel flow, pumping, diversions, reservoir release, consumption, return reservoir release, consumption, return flow, etc.flow, etc.

• Water quality: turbidity, nutrients, Water quality: turbidity, nutrients, salinity, DO/BOD, agrochemicals, salinity, DO/BOD, agrochemicals, heavy metals, coliforms, …heavy metals, coliforms, …

Monitoring data (daily time series)Monitoring data (daily time series)::Monitoring stations area georeferenced.Monitoring stations area georeferenced.• Meteorological data (precipitation, Meteorological data (precipitation,

temperature, PEVT)temperature, PEVT)• Flow dataFlow data

– Cannel flow, pumping, diversions, Cannel flow, pumping, diversions, reservoir release, consumption, return reservoir release, consumption, return flow, etc.flow, etc.

• Water quality: turbidity, nutrients, Water quality: turbidity, nutrients, salinity, DO/BOD, agrochemicals, salinity, DO/BOD, agrochemicals, heavy metals, coliforms, …heavy metals, coliforms, …

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WaterWareWaterWare

River Basin Object:River Basin Object:– Sub-catchmentsSub-catchments– Reservoirs, hydraulic structuresReservoirs, hydraulic structures– Demand Nodes: cities, Demand Nodes: cities,

industries, irrigation areas, industries, irrigation areas, wetlandswetlands

– Monitoring stationsMonitoring stations– River network (nodes, reaches)River network (nodes, reaches)– AquifersAquifers

River Basin Object:River Basin Object:– Sub-catchmentsSub-catchments– Reservoirs, hydraulic structuresReservoirs, hydraulic structures– Demand Nodes: cities, Demand Nodes: cities,

industries, irrigation areas, industries, irrigation areas, wetlandswetlands

– Monitoring stationsMonitoring stations– River network (nodes, reaches)River network (nodes, reaches)– AquifersAquifers

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WaterWareWaterWare

Irrigation water demand modelIrrigation water demand model• Size, extraction/conveyaneSize, extraction/conveyane• Irrigation technology Irrigation technology • Crop distributionCrop distribution• Cropping patternsCropping patterns• Groundwater head/depthGroundwater head/depth• Crop specific water demands OR Crop specific water demands OR

FAO factorsFAO factors• Costs/benefitsCosts/benefits

Irrigation water demand modelIrrigation water demand model• Size, extraction/conveyaneSize, extraction/conveyane• Irrigation technology Irrigation technology • Crop distributionCrop distribution• Cropping patternsCropping patterns• Groundwater head/depthGroundwater head/depth• Crop specific water demands OR Crop specific water demands OR

FAO factorsFAO factors• Costs/benefitsCosts/benefits

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Application ExampleApplication Example

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Application ExampleApplication Example

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WaterWareWaterWare

Treatment plantsTreatment plants• Size (hydraulic/retention Size (hydraulic/retention

capacity)capacity)• ““consumptive use”consumptive use”• Treatment technologyTreatment technology• Efficiency (by pollutant/class)Efficiency (by pollutant/class)• Investment/OMR costsInvestment/OMR costs

Treatment plantsTreatment plants• Size (hydraulic/retention Size (hydraulic/retention

capacity)capacity)• ““consumptive use”consumptive use”• Treatment technologyTreatment technology• Efficiency (by pollutant/class)Efficiency (by pollutant/class)• Investment/OMR costsInvestment/OMR costs

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WaterWareWaterWare

Networks:Networks: topology of nodes and topology of nodes and linkslinks

Links connect the nodes, Links connect the nodes, representing the flow of water.representing the flow of water.

Links can be Links can be • open channels, natural or man open channels, natural or man

made, made, • or pipelines.or pipelines.

Networks:Networks: topology of nodes and topology of nodes and linkslinks

Links connect the nodes, Links connect the nodes, representing the flow of water.representing the flow of water.

Links can be Links can be • open channels, natural or man open channels, natural or man

made, made, • or pipelines.or pipelines.

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WaterWareWaterWare

Minimal Network:Minimal Network:

1 start node (inflow)1 start node (inflow)

1 end node (outflow)1 end node (outflow)

Realistic cases:Realistic cases:10-300 nodes10-300 nodes

Minimal Network:Minimal Network:

1 start node (inflow)1 start node (inflow)

1 end node (outflow)1 end node (outflow)

Realistic cases:Realistic cases:10-300 nodes10-300 nodes

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Water demandWater demand

IntakeIntake(quality constr., (quality constr., conveyance lossconveyance loss

Consumptive useConsumptive use

recyclingrecyclingreturn flowreturn flow(pollution)(pollution)

ProductionProductionprocessprocess

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Water demandWater demand

Depends on:Depends on:• Conveyance losses Conveyance losses • Production volume, area irrigated, inhabitantsProduction volume, area irrigated, inhabitants• Efficiency of use:Efficiency of use:

– Water, production, irrigation technology, Water, production, irrigation technology, – Recycling strategiesRecycling strategies

Demand has quantitative and qualitative Demand has quantitative and qualitative elements, usually involves water treatmentelements, usually involves water treatment

For a given For a given cost of watercost of water, an optimal strategy can , an optimal strategy can be computed based on investment cost, be computed based on investment cost, discount rate, and project lifetime (discount rate, and project lifetime (NPVNPV))

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Conflicting useConflicting use

More than 70% of water is generally used More than 70% of water is generally used for agriculture (irrigation);for agriculture (irrigation);

Added value per unit water used in industry Added value per unit water used in industry is usually between 50 to 100 times higher is usually between 50 to 100 times higher than in agriculture;than in agriculture;

Domestic (including tourism) use of water is Domestic (including tourism) use of water is comparatively small, but with high quality comparatively small, but with high quality requirements and low elasticity, seasonal requirements and low elasticity, seasonal variability.variability.

Environmental use Environmental use (low flow, quality constraints).(low flow, quality constraints).

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Benefit and CostsBenefit and Costs

Nodes are described by Nodes are described by cost cost functions:functions:

– InvestmentInvestment

– Operating cost (OMR)Operating cost (OMR)

– Life time of project/structureLife time of project/structure

– Discount ratesDiscount rates

BenefitsBenefits per unit water supplied and used. per unit water supplied and used.

Computation of NPV (net present value) for Computation of NPV (net present value) for comparison of scenarioscomparison of scenarios

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Quality integrationQuality integration

• Demand nodes produce Demand nodes produce returnreturn flow of flow of modified qualitymodified quality

• Flow regime results in different dilution Flow regime results in different dilution and self-purification behavior.and self-purification behavior.

• Results of the WRM feed water quality Results of the WRM feed water quality models (flow, effluents)models (flow, effluents)TELEMACTELEMAC

• Water quality models for surface and Water quality models for surface and groundwatergroundwater

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Application ExampleApplication Example

The The Kelantan RiverKelantan River north-eastern peninsular Malaysia. north-eastern peninsular Malaysia. • Catchment of about 15,000 km2 Catchment of about 15,000 km2 • Altitude difference of more than 2100 mAltitude difference of more than 2100 m• Average runoff of about 500 m3/sec Average runoff of about 500 m3/sec • Monsoon climate. rainfall with extreme monthly values Monsoon climate. rainfall with extreme monthly values

between 0 and 1750 mm in dry and wet monthsbetween 0 and 1750 mm in dry and wet months

The main problem: The main problem: reliability of water resourcesreliability of water resources for the for the rice paddies that supply about 12 % of national rice paddies that supply about 12 % of national production. production.

Efficiency: low, water is free for farmers.Efficiency: low, water is free for farmers.

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Application ExampleApplication Example

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Application ExampleApplication Example

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Application ExampleApplication Example

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Application ExampleApplication Example

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Application ExampleApplication Example

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Application ExampleApplication Example

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Application ExampleApplication Example