w. schufft: challenges for electrical power engineering ip 2007, pernink challenges for electrical...

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Challenges for Electrical Power Engineering

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Sunrise or sunset ?

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Challenges for Electrical Power Engineering1. Introduction - figures and facts

2. Deregulation of energy markets

3. Technical tasks caused by the deregulation

4. Condition assessment for energy system components

5. Developments for energy transport

6. Distributed energy supply technologies

7. Outlook

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Challenges for Electrical Power Engineering1. Introduction - figures and facts

2. Deregulation of energy markets

3. Technical tasks caused by the deregulation

4. Condition assessment for energy system components

5. Developments for energy transport

6. Distributed energy supply technologies

7. Outlook

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Factors for the reproduction of the human society

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Figures of electrical energy generation (Germany 2001)

Consumption(= generation)

515 TWh (515 109 kWh)

+ 2 % /a(1973)

- per capita 5,9 103 kWh  

Total capacity 120 GW  

Sales volume 60“ EURO slightly increasing

Investments 4“ EURO slightly increasing

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Share of primary energies for electrical energy generation Germany 2004

Nuclear energy 28 %

Lignite (CO2) 26 %

Coal (CO2) 24 %

Oil & gas (CO2) 11 %

Renewable 11 %

60 % of electrical energy generation with CO2-emission.

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Primary energy balance for energy generation

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Kyoto-Protocol (1987)

Reduction of CO2-emission

Commitment: 1990 – 2010 by 21 %

Internal target: 1990 – 2005 by 25 %

reached: 1990 – 2000 by 15 %

CO2-emission/a: ca. 800 Mio. t (ca. 10 t per capita)Additionally nuclear get-off till 2030,

i.e. 30 % of electrical energy (160 TWh) must be provided by renewable energy sources (or import ?)

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Challenges for Electrical Power Engineering1. Introduction - figures and facts

2. Deregulation of energy markets

3. Technical tasks caused by the deregulation

4. Condition assessment for energy system components

5. Developments for energy transport

6. Distributed energy supply technologies

7. Outlook

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Electrical energy system

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Price for electrical energy

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Challenges for Electrical Power Engineering1. Introduction - figures and facts

2. Deregulation of energy markets

3. Technical tasks caused by the deregulation

4. Condition assessment for energy system components

5. Developments for energy transport

6. Distributed energy supply technologies

7. Outlook

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Load profiles- describe the typical energy demand for certain customer groups, in the case the demand cannot be measured

- used for the determination of mains rent

- base for mains operation

There are standard profiles for entire Germany.

Utilities need most exact load profiles.

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Example for a load profile

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Challenges for Electrical Power Engineering1. Introduction - figures and facts

2. Deregulation of energy markets

3. Technical tasks caused by the deregulation

4. Condition assessment for energy system components

5. Developments for energy transport

6. Distributed energy supply technologies

7. Outlook

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Average interruption

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Investments of the utilities

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Questions for condition assessment

- Latest date for replacement (investment) ?

- Optimum maintenance strategy ?

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Challenges for Electrical Power Engineering1. Introduction - figures and facts

2. Deregulation of energy markets

3. Technical tasks caused by the deregulation

4. Condition assessment for energy system components

5. Developments for energy transport

6. Distributed energy supply technologies

7. Outlook

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Development of transmission voltages

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

380 kV HV cable connection for European capitals

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

HVDC connections

- HVDC-overhead transmission lines, e.g. in China + 500 kV; 1800 MW via 960 km

- great importance for sea cable links, because HVAC is impossible

- typical voltages 400 ... 500 kV

- conventional oil-paper cable, but research to apply also extruded cables

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

HVDC-sea- connections in Northern Europe

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Future HVDC connections

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Tendencies of development- mains are completed- no higher transmission voltages- emphasis in the medium-voltage range

- growing importance of power electronics

Future developments:

- Silicon power switches

- Powerformer (Generator with 200 kV)

- Current limiters by polymeric compounds and liquids

- growing importance of information technologies

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Challenges for Electrical Power Engineering1. Introduction - figures and facts

2. Deregulation of energy markets

3. Technical tasks caused by the deregulation

4. Condition assessment for energy system components

5. Developments for energy transport

6. Distributed energy supply technologies

7. Outlook

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Sun – the future energy source

Incoming solar energy:1,54 1018 kWh/a

World primary energy demand:100 1012 kWh/a (0,006 %)

- Water power- Wind energy- Photovoltaic- Solarthermical

Renewable energy sources are distributed ones !

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Wind power in Germany

Installed power ca. 18 000 MW (2005)(30 % of world-wide installed wind power capacity)

Wind power plants with 0,5 ... 1,5 MW power

in wind parks with 5 ... 30 ... 50 MW power

Problems:

- forecast difficult

- storage desirable but until now impossible

- no commitments between wind park owners and utilities

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Wind records

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Development of wind power

year 2000 2030

Wind power 9 000 MW 42 000 MW, incl.25 000 MW Off-shore

Wind plant power 0,5 … 1,5 MW 5 MW

Rotor diameter  30 ... 70 m 100 ... 120 m

Wind park power 5 ... 30 ... 50 MW  200 ... 1 500 MW

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Wind speed distribution

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Off-shore wind park

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Erection of an off-shore wind plant

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Inverter concepts

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Transmission technologies

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Solar radiation in Europe

Germanyca. 1 000 kWh/m2a

South EuropeCa. 1 800 kWh/m2a

Sahara:

ca. 2 500 kWh/m2a

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Fluctuating photovoltaic energy

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Concept for short-time storage

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Renewable energy management

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Heat and power couplingNuclear power plant Grafenrheinfeld

Pel = 1 345 MW, = ca. 35 %

Cooling power: 2 100 MWEquivalent heating powerof a big city !

Conclusion:

- Heat cannot be distributed economically over long distances.- Heating power must be generated decentralised, electrical energy becomes a „waste product“ of electricity generation.- Heat generation will determine future energy politics mainly.

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Energy consumption in Germany

30 % of the final energy consumption of private customers is used for heating and warm water generation !

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

PEM fuel cell (PEM – Proton Exchange Membran)

Electrical power: 212 kWHeat power: 240 kWOperating temperature: 75 °CDimensions L/W/H: 7,3 m / 2,4 m / 2,7 m

ηel = 34%ηtot = ηel + ηth = 76 %

- high-efficient, clean, low-noise- optimised partial load behaviour

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Energy generation today

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Virtual power station - energy generation tomorrow

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Challenges for Electrical Power Engineering1. Introduction - figures and facts

2. Deregulation of energy markets

3. Technical tasks caused by the deregulation

4. Condition assessment for energy system components

5. Developments for energy transport

6. Distributed energy supply technologies

7. Outlook

W. Schufft: Challenges for electrical power engineering IP 2007, Pernink

Blooming landscape