viruses and bacteria. a virus is a tiny, non-living particle that enters and reproduces inside a...
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Viruses and Bacteria
• A virus is a tiny, non-living particle that enters and reproduces inside a living cell.
Characteristics1.Viruses are not cells.
2.Do not use their own energy to grow or respond to their environment.
3.Can not make their own food.
4.Can not produce waste.
5.Can only multiple when they are inside a living cell.
6.Need a host (like a parasite) to receive energy and reproduce.
What is a Virus?
1. Round
2. Rod
3. Threads
4. Bullets
Virus Shape
Bacteriophage-viruses that infect bacteria.
Protein Coat- to provide ?
Inner core of genetic material.
Why? What does RNA carry?
Structure of Viruses
• One virus infects one cell to produce 50 new viruses. First Generation
• How many viruses do you have after just three generations? Each generation reproduces after 5 hours.
• Active viruses-like a photo copier, invades a cell and makes copy after copy until cell explodes releasing newly made viruses.
Viruses multiplication
Hidden Virus- Enters a host and places genetic material in the DNA of a host. After a period of time, the genetic material separates to become a “virus factory.”
Conditions that potentially increase activity:
1.Stress
2.Extreme sunlight
3.Usually found in nerve endings
Viruses multiplication
Core sores…
Gene Therapy-scientist utilize the ability of a virus to insert genetic material into a host cell. Uses the virus as a message carrier to deliver genetic material. Used to treat many disorders: cystic fibrosis, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, Parkinson's disease, and others.
Viruses and Gene Therapy
Muhammad Ali and Michael J. Fox
Bacteria
Communication tendrils
• Discovered Bacteria accidentally (water droplets) in late 1600’s
• Made microscopes as a hobby
• Looked at plaque from teeth with microscope to see tiny worm like structures.
Anton Van Leeuwenhook
Prokaryotes- genetic material found floating in cytoplasm.
Surrounded by a rigid cell wall
Has a cell membrane
Ribosomes
Many have a flagellum, a whip like structure used to aid in movement
Others can be carried by wind, water, or organisms to other locations
Bacteria Structures
Coccus or Round
Spirillum or spiral
Bacilli or rod-like
Three Basic Shapes
Bacteria need a source of food and a means to break it down to release energy (respiration).
Obtaining food- Some are autotrophs ( Which means ?) using what process? Some are heterotrophs (which means?)
Another process to obtain energy is chemiosmosis
Food and Energy
Under the right conditions, right temperature, and suitable conditions reproduce quickly, every 20 minutes.
Asexual Reproduction-
1.Binary Fission- split into two identical cells. One parent.
Sexual Reproduction-
1.Two parents combine genetic material through a process called conjugation, a threadlike link between bacterial where genetic material transfers.
Reproduction
Sometimes conditions are unfavorable: food scarce, no water, extreme climate. This results in an endospore-a small, rounded, thick walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell. Contains genetic information and last for years.
Endospore Formation
Tetanus is a medical condition characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers, the primary symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by the Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani. As the infection progresses, muscle spasms, and difficulty swallowing and general muscle stiffness.
Science Explain Superstition
1. Involved with oxygen production
2. Involved in food production pasteurization
3. Environmental recycling
Decomposers
Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria/Nodules (symbiotic relationship)
4. Human health
Digestion
Vitamins
5. Medicine production
Importance in Nature
Infectious disease-an illness that passes from one organism to another.
Spread by:
1.Contact
2.Contaminated objects
3.Infected animals
4.Environment
May enter the body through breaks in the skin, inhaled, through ears, eyes, mouth, or any other body opening.
Viruses, Bacteria, and You
Alexander Fleming
History of Penicillin
Bacterial Disease- cured by antibiotics, which weaken the cell wall causing bacterial cell to burst.
Problems-Antibiotic resistant, a serious problem
Viral Disease- No cure
Preventing Infectious disease-
Vaccine is a substance introduced into the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific viruses and bacteria.
Stay healthy- nutritious food, adequate sleep, fluids, and exercise. Protect yourself by washing hands. Store food properly, keep kitchen surfaces “CLEAN,” and proper cooking.
Treating Infectious Disease
http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/science-video/growing-bacteria
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