Viruses and Bacteria

• A virus is a tiny, non-living particle that enters and reproduces inside a living cell.

Characteristics1.Viruses are not cells.

2.Do not use their own energy to grow or respond to their environment.

3.Can not make their own food.

4.Can not produce waste.

5.Can only multiple when they are inside a living cell.

6.Need a host (like a parasite) to receive energy and reproduce.

What is a Virus?

1. Round

2. Rod

3. Threads

4. Bullets

Virus Shape

Bacteriophage-viruses that infect bacteria.

Protein Coat- to provide ?

Inner core of genetic material.

Why? What does RNA carry?

Structure of Viruses

• One virus infects one cell to produce 50 new viruses. First Generation

• How many viruses do you have after just three generations? Each generation reproduces after 5 hours.

• Active viruses-like a photo copier, invades a cell and makes copy after copy until cell explodes releasing newly made viruses.

Viruses multiplication

Hidden Virus- Enters a host and places genetic material in the DNA of a host. After a period of time, the genetic material separates to become a “virus factory.”

Conditions that potentially increase activity:

1.Stress

2.Extreme sunlight

3.Usually found in nerve endings

Viruses multiplication

Core sores…

Gene Therapy-scientist utilize the ability of a virus to insert genetic material into a host cell. Uses the virus as a message carrier to deliver genetic material. Used to treat many disorders: cystic fibrosis, cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, Parkinson's disease, and others.

Viruses and Gene Therapy

Muhammad Ali and Michael J. Fox

Bacteria

Communication tendrils

• Discovered Bacteria accidentally (water droplets) in late 1600’s

• Made microscopes as a hobby

• Looked at plaque from teeth with microscope to see tiny worm like structures.

Anton Van Leeuwenhook

Prokaryotes- genetic material found floating in cytoplasm.

Surrounded by a rigid cell wall

Has a cell membrane

Ribosomes

Many have a flagellum, a whip like structure used to aid in movement

Others can be carried by wind, water, or organisms to other locations

Bacteria Structures

Coccus or Round

Spirillum or spiral

Bacilli or rod-like

Three Basic Shapes

Bacteria need a source of food and a means to break it down to release energy (respiration).

Obtaining food- Some are autotrophs ( Which means ?) using what process? Some are heterotrophs (which means?)

Another process to obtain energy is chemiosmosis

Food and Energy

Under the right conditions, right temperature, and suitable conditions reproduce quickly, every 20 minutes.

Asexual Reproduction-

1.Binary Fission- split into two identical cells. One parent.

Sexual Reproduction-

1.Two parents combine genetic material through a process called conjugation, a threadlike link between bacterial where genetic material transfers.

Reproduction

Sometimes conditions are unfavorable: food scarce, no water, extreme climate. This results in an endospore-a small, rounded, thick walled, resting cell that forms inside a bacterial cell. Contains genetic information and last for years.

Endospore Formation

Tetanus is a medical condition characterized by a prolonged contraction of skeletal muscle fibers, the primary symptoms are caused by tetanospasmin, a neurotoxin produced by the Gram-positive, obligate anaerobic bacterium Clostridium tetani. As the infection progresses, muscle spasms, and difficulty swallowing and general muscle stiffness.

Science Explain Superstition

1. Involved with oxygen production

2. Involved in food production pasteurization

3. Environmental recycling

Decomposers

Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria/Nodules (symbiotic relationship)

4. Human health

Digestion

Vitamins

5. Medicine production

Importance in Nature

Infectious disease-an illness that passes from one organism to another.

Spread by:

1.Contact

2.Contaminated objects

3.Infected animals

4.Environment

May enter the body through breaks in the skin, inhaled, through ears, eyes, mouth, or any other body opening.

Viruses, Bacteria, and You

Alexander Fleming

History of Penicillin

Bacterial Disease- cured by antibiotics, which weaken the cell wall causing bacterial cell to burst.

Problems-Antibiotic resistant, a serious problem

Viral Disease- No cure

Preventing Infectious disease-

Vaccine is a substance introduced into the body to stimulate the production of chemicals that destroy specific viruses and bacteria.

Stay healthy- nutritious food, adequate sleep, fluids, and exercise. Protect yourself by washing hands. Store food properly, keep kitchen surfaces “CLEAN,” and proper cooking.

Treating Infectious Disease

http://www.stevespanglerscience.com/science-video/growing-bacteria