using new technologies in training. use of new technology in training (1 of 3) n 24 percent of...
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Use of New Technology Use of New Technology in Training in Training (1 of 3)(1 of 3)
24 percent of companies have a separate 24 percent of companies have a separate technology-based training budgettechnology-based training budget
18 percent of companies have full-time 18 percent of companies have full-time trainers who are paid from the trainers who are paid from the information technology department’s information technology department’s budgetbudget
The most frequently used technology in The most frequently used technology in training is the Internet / intranet / training is the Internet / intranet / extranetextranet• (54 percent of companies)(54 percent of companies)
Use of New Technology Use of New Technology in Training in Training (2 of 3)(2 of 3)
Training delivered by the computer:Training delivered by the computer:• 60 percent is not instructor-led and is 60 percent is not instructor-led and is
done through self-paced Web coursesdone through self-paced Web courses• 32 percent uses CD-ROM / DVD / 32 percent uses CD-ROM / DVD /
diskettesdiskettes 34 percent of online learning follows 34 percent of online learning follows
the classroom learning modelthe classroom learning model• i.e., connects trainees with an i.e., connects trainees with an
instructor or other studentsinstructor or other students
Use of New Technology Use of New Technology in Training in Training (3 of 3)(3 of 3)
80 percent of companies who use 80 percent of companies who use e-learning are creating the content e-learning are creating the content of these programs internallyof these programs internally
Of those companies who use e-Of those companies who use e-learning:learning:• 56 percent offer it to all employees56 percent offer it to all employees• 45 percent offer it to select groups of 45 percent offer it to select groups of
employeesemployees• 26 percent offer it to customers26 percent offer it to customers
Technologies’ Influence on Technologies’ Influence on Training and Learning:Training and Learning:
New technologies have made it New technologies have made it possible to:possible to:•Reduce the costs Reduce the costs • Increase the effectiveness Increase the effectiveness •Help training contribute to business goalsHelp training contribute to business goals
New technologies include:New technologies include:•MultimediaMultimedia•Distance learningDistance learning•Expert systemsExpert systems•Electronic support systemsElectronic support systems•Training software applicationsTraining software applications
Technology has made Technology has made several benefits possible:several benefits possible:
Employee controlEmployee control As needed accessAs needed access Employee choiceEmployee choice Electronic administrationElectronic administration MonitoringMonitoring Traditional methods dispersedTraditional methods dispersed
Technology allows Technology allows digital digital collaborationcollaboration to occur: to occur:
Digital collaboration - Digital collaboration - the use of the use of technology to enhance and extend technology to enhance and extend employees’ abilities to work together employees’ abilities to work together regardless of their geographic proximityregardless of their geographic proximity
Digital collaboration includes:Digital collaboration includes:•electronic messaging systemselectronic messaging systems•electronic meeting systemselectronic meeting systems•online communities of learningonline communities of learning
Digital collaboration can be:Digital collaboration can be:•Synchronous, AsynchronousSynchronous, Asynchronous
Classroom Learning Classroom Learning EnvironmentEnvironment
LearnerLearner LearnerLearnerLearnerLearner
Experts
Resource Materials
Trainer / Instructor• Delivery• Content
Technological Learning Technological Learning EnvironmentEnvironment
LearnerLearner LearnerLearnerLearnerLearner
Resource Materials
Websites
Delivery Mechanism• Content
ExpertsExperts
Trainer / InstructorTrainer / Instructor
Blended Learning Blended Learning EnvironmentEnvironment
LearnerLearner LearnerLearnerLearnerLearner
Resource Materials
Websites
Online Learning
ExpertsExperts
Trainer / Instructor• Delivery• Content
Trainer / Instructor• Delivery• Content
Multimedia TrainingMultimedia Training
Multimedia trainingMultimedia training combines combines audiovisual training methods with audiovisual training methods with computer-based trainingcomputer-based training
Integrate text, graphics, animation, Integrate text, graphics, animation, audio, and videoaudio, and video
Trainee can interact with the Trainee can interact with the contentcontent
Delivered using interactive video, Delivered using interactive video, the Internet or intranetsthe Internet or intranets
Advantages and Advantages and Disadvantages of Disadvantages of Multimedia Multimedia Training:Training:
AdvantagesAdvantages Self-pacedSelf-paced InteractiveInteractive Consistency of contentConsistency of content Consistency of deliveryConsistency of delivery Unlimited geographic Unlimited geographic
accessibilityaccessibility Immediate feedbackImmediate feedback Built-in guidance systemBuilt-in guidance system Appeals to multiple sensesAppeals to multiple senses Can test and certify Can test and certify
masterymastery PrivacyPrivacy
DisadvantagesDisadvantages Expensive to Expensive to
developdevelop Ineffective for Ineffective for
certain training certain training contentcontent
Trainee anxiety Trainee anxiety with using with using technologytechnology
Difficult to quickly Difficult to quickly updateupdate
Lack of Lack of agreement on agreement on effectivenesseffectiveness
Computer-Based Computer-Based TrainingTraining
Computer-based training (CBT)Computer-based training (CBT) is an is an interactive training experience in interactive training experience in which:which:• computer provides learning computer provides learning
stimulusstimulus• trainee must respondtrainee must respond• computer analyzes responses, computer analyzes responses,
providesprovides
CD-ROM, DVD,Laser Disc
Interactive Video
The Internet,Web-Based
Training, andE-Learning
Virtual Reality
Computer-Based Computer-Based TrainingTraining
Web-based Training Web-based Training SupportsSupports
virtual realityvirtual reality animationanimation interactioninteraction communication between communication between
traineestrainees real-time audio & videoreal-time audio & video
Levels of internet-based Levels of internet-based training:training:
Level 1 2 3 4 5 6
Communications Online Referencing
Testing Assessment
Distribution of
Computer-Based
Training & Multimedia
Blended Learning
Electronic Performance
Support Systems
Characteristics of E-Characteristics of E-LearningLearning
Content• Text• Video• Graphics• Sound
Collaboration and Sharing• Communities of Practice• Peers• Other Trainees• Experts• Mentors and Advisors
Learner Control• Practice• Pacing• Feedback• Content• Accessibility
Delivery• Internet / Intranet• Web• Distance Learning• CD - ROM
Administration• Enrollment• Monitoring• Progress Assessment
Link to Resources
• Other Training Materials
• Other Web-Based Training
• Link to Electronic Performance Support Systems
Rules for DesigningRules for DesigningEffective Web-Based Effective Web-Based TrainingTraining
DevelopmentDevelopment Instructional EffectivenessInstructional Effectiveness Learner ControlLearner Control LinkagesLinkages SharingSharing
DevelopmentDevelopment
PurposePurpose NeedsNeeds Music graphics, icons, animation, Music graphics, icons, animation,
and video facilitate and do not and video facilitate and do not interfere with learninginterfere with learning
RelevanceRelevance TestedTested ContentContent
Instructional Instructional EffectivenessEffectiveness
FeedbackFeedback AssessmentAssessment Abstract --> real Abstract --> real ObstaclesObstacles VarietyVariety
Learner ControlLearner Control
A navigator or content map is A navigator or content map is provided so trainees can move provided so trainees can move forward or backward through the forward or backward through the program & easily access resources program & easily access resources & links to other sites as needed& links to other sites as needed
Trainee can compare answers, Trainee can compare answers, approaches, & responses to approaches, & responses to questions to those provided by questions to those provided by othersothers
Learner Control-2Learner Control-2
Trainees can begin the program Trainees can begin the program where they want or a starting where they want or a starting point can be based on an point can be based on an assessment of their knowledge, assessment of their knowledge, skills, or experiences related to skills, or experiences related to the programthe program
LinkagesLinkages
Follow-up materials & Follow-up materials & additional resources additional resources (charts, tables, other (charts, tables, other web sites) are identified web sites) are identified & easily accessible to & easily accessible to traineestrainees
SharingSharing
Opportunities exist for Opportunities exist for electronically interacting with electronically interacting with & sharing with trainers, peers, & sharing with trainers, peers, other trainees, & expertsother trainees, & experts•e-maile-mail•chat roomschat rooms•bulletin boardsbulletin boards
Advantages of E-Advantages of E-learninglearning
supports strategysupports strategy accessible any time ,placeaccessible any time ,place unlimited audienceunlimited audience can be geographically dispersedcan be geographically dispersed delivered faster, to more employees, in a delivered faster, to more employees, in a
shorter time periodshorter time period easy updatingeasy updating learning environment can be built inlearning environment can be built in enhanced learningenhanced learning eliminate paperworkeliminate paperwork link learnerslink learners
Factors Limiting the Use of Factors Limiting the Use of E-LearningE-Learning
CostCost Lack of motivation of employees to learn onlineLack of motivation of employees to learn online Lack of management buy-inLack of management buy-in Lack of employee intranet accessLack of employee intranet access Lack of proof concerning return on investmentLack of proof concerning return on investment Lack of high-quality contentLack of high-quality content
Intelligent Tutoring Intelligent Tutoring SystemsSystems
Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) - Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) - instructional systems using artificial instructional systems using artificial intelligenceintelligence
There are three types of ITS:There are three types of ITS:• tutoringtutoring•coachingcoaching•empowering environmentsempowering environments
Tutoring is a structured attempt to Tutoring is a structured attempt to increase trainee understanding of a increase trainee understanding of a content domaincontent domain
Components of intelligent Components of intelligent tutoring systems:tutoring systems:
Domain Expert
Provides information about how to perform the task
Trainee Model
Provides information about student’s knowledge
Training Session Manager
Interprets trainees’ actions and reports the results or provides coaching
Trainee Scenario Generator
Determines difficulty and order in which problems are presented to trainee
User Interface
Enables trainee to interact with the system
Characteristics of Intelligent Characteristics of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS):Tutoring Systems (ITS):
ITS has the ability to match instruction to individual ITS has the ability to match instruction to individual student needsstudent needs
ITS can communicate and respond to the studentITS can communicate and respond to the student ITS can model the trainee’s learning processITS can model the trainee’s learning process ITS can decide, on the basis of a trainee’s previous ITS can decide, on the basis of a trainee’s previous
performance, what information to provideperformance, what information to provide ITS can make decisions about the trainee’s level of ITS can make decisions about the trainee’s level of
understandingunderstanding ITS can complete a self-assessment resulting in a ITS can complete a self-assessment resulting in a
modification of its teaching processmodification of its teaching process
ITS has the ability to match instruction to individual ITS has the ability to match instruction to individual student needsstudent needs
ITS can communicate and respond to the studentITS can communicate and respond to the student ITS can model the trainee’s learning processITS can model the trainee’s learning process ITS can decide, on the basis of a trainee’s previous ITS can decide, on the basis of a trainee’s previous
performance, what information to provideperformance, what information to provide ITS can make decisions about the trainee’s level of ITS can make decisions about the trainee’s level of
understandingunderstanding ITS can complete a self-assessment resulting in a ITS can complete a self-assessment resulting in a
modification of its teaching processmodification of its teaching process
Distance LearningDistance Learning Distance learningDistance learning is used by is used by
geographically dispersed geographically dispersed companies to provide information companies to provide information about new products, policies, about new products, policies, procedures, and skills training and procedures, and skills training and expert lectures to field locationsexpert lectures to field locations
Two-way communicationTwo-way communication
Distance Distance LearningLearning
AudioconferencingAudioconferencing VideoconferencingVideoconferencing DocuconferencingDocuconferencing
• sharing documents via computerssharing documents via computers Individualized personal-Individualized personal-
computer-based trainingcomputer-based training
Technologies for Technologies for Training SupportTraining Support
Expert Systems
Groupware
Electronic Performance Support Systems (EPSS)
Conditions When Training Conditions When Training Support Technologies Are Most Support Technologies Are Most Needed:Needed:
task is infrequenttask is infrequent task is lengthy, difficult, and information intensivetask is lengthy, difficult, and information intensive damaging consequences of errordamaging consequences of error knowledge, procedures, or approaches frequently knowledge, procedures, or approaches frequently
changechange high employee turnoverhigh employee turnover little time, few resources for training little time, few resources for training responsibility on employeesresponsibility on employees
Training Support Training Support Technologies:Technologies:Expert SystemsExpert Systems
Expert systems - Expert systems - technology that technology that organizes and applies the organizes and applies the knowledge of human experts to knowledge of human experts to specific problemsspecific problems
Support tool Support tool
Expert systems have three elements:Expert systems have three elements:A knowledge base A knowledge base A decision making capability A decision making capability A user interfaceA user interface
Training Support Training Support Technologies:Technologies:GroupwareGroupware Groupware (electronic meeting software) -Groupware (electronic meeting software) - a a
special type of software application special type of software application that enables multiple users to track, that enables multiple users to track, share, and organize information, and to share, and organize information, and to work on the same document work on the same document simultaneouslysimultaneously
Improve business processes & improve Improve business processes & improve meeting effectiveness, identify & share meeting effectiveness, identify & share knowledge knowledge
A groupware system combines such A groupware system combines such elements as:elements as:• electronic mail, document managementelectronic mail, document management
Training Support Training Support Technologies:Technologies:Electronic Performance Electronic Performance Support SystemsSupport Systems
An electronic performance support An electronic performance support system (EPSS) is an electronic system (EPSS) is an electronic infrastructure that:infrastructure that:•captures, stores, and distributes captures, stores, and distributes
individual and corporate knowledge individual and corporate knowledge assets throughout an organization, toassets throughout an organization, to
•enables individuals to achieve required enables individuals to achieve required levels of performance in the fastest levels of performance in the fastest possible time and with a minimum of possible time and with a minimum of support from other peoplesupport from other people
Technologies for Training Technologies for Training AdministrationAdministration
Interactive Voice Technology
Imaging
Training Software Applications
Use of new technology training Use of new technology training methods should be considered methods should be considered under certain conditions:under certain conditions:
1.1. Sufficient budget providedSufficient budget provided2.2. Geography, travel costsGeography, travel costs3.3. Trainees comfortable using technologyTrainees comfortable using technology
the webthe web personal computerspersonal computers CD-ROMsCD-ROMs
4.4. Technology <=> strategyTechnology <=> strategy5.5. Scheduling difficultiesScheduling difficulties6.6. Need more time for practice, Need more time for practice,
feedback, assessmentfeedback, assessment
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