Using New Using New Technologies in Technologies in

TrainingTraining

Use of New Technology Use of New Technology in Training in Training (1 of 3)(1 of 3)

24 percent of companies have a separate 24 percent of companies have a separate technology-based training budgettechnology-based training budget

18 percent of companies have full-time 18 percent of companies have full-time trainers who are paid from the trainers who are paid from the information technology department’s information technology department’s budgetbudget

The most frequently used technology in The most frequently used technology in training is the Internet / intranet / training is the Internet / intranet / extranetextranet• (54 percent of companies)(54 percent of companies)

Use of New Technology Use of New Technology in Training in Training (2 of 3)(2 of 3)

Training delivered by the computer:Training delivered by the computer:• 60 percent is not instructor-led and is 60 percent is not instructor-led and is

done through self-paced Web coursesdone through self-paced Web courses• 32 percent uses CD-ROM / DVD / 32 percent uses CD-ROM / DVD /

diskettesdiskettes 34 percent of online learning follows 34 percent of online learning follows

the classroom learning modelthe classroom learning model• i.e., connects trainees with an i.e., connects trainees with an

instructor or other studentsinstructor or other students

Use of New Technology Use of New Technology in Training in Training (3 of 3)(3 of 3)

80 percent of companies who use 80 percent of companies who use e-learning are creating the content e-learning are creating the content of these programs internallyof these programs internally

Of those companies who use e-Of those companies who use e-learning:learning:• 56 percent offer it to all employees56 percent offer it to all employees• 45 percent offer it to select groups of 45 percent offer it to select groups of

employeesemployees• 26 percent offer it to customers26 percent offer it to customers

Technologies’ Influence on Technologies’ Influence on Training and Learning:Training and Learning:

New technologies have made it New technologies have made it possible to:possible to:•Reduce the costs Reduce the costs • Increase the effectiveness Increase the effectiveness •Help training contribute to business goalsHelp training contribute to business goals

New technologies include:New technologies include:•MultimediaMultimedia•Distance learningDistance learning•Expert systemsExpert systems•Electronic support systemsElectronic support systems•Training software applicationsTraining software applications

Technology has made Technology has made several benefits possible:several benefits possible:

Employee controlEmployee control As needed accessAs needed access Employee choiceEmployee choice Electronic administrationElectronic administration MonitoringMonitoring Traditional methods dispersedTraditional methods dispersed

Technology allows Technology allows digital digital collaborationcollaboration to occur: to occur:

Digital collaboration - Digital collaboration - the use of the use of technology to enhance and extend technology to enhance and extend employees’ abilities to work together employees’ abilities to work together regardless of their geographic proximityregardless of their geographic proximity

Digital collaboration includes:Digital collaboration includes:•electronic messaging systemselectronic messaging systems•electronic meeting systemselectronic meeting systems•online communities of learningonline communities of learning

Digital collaboration can be:Digital collaboration can be:•Synchronous, AsynchronousSynchronous, Asynchronous

Classroom Learning Classroom Learning EnvironmentEnvironment

LearnerLearner LearnerLearnerLearnerLearner

Experts

Resource Materials

Trainer / Instructor• Delivery• Content

Technological Learning Technological Learning EnvironmentEnvironment

LearnerLearner LearnerLearnerLearnerLearner

Resource Materials

Websites

Delivery Mechanism• Content

ExpertsExperts

Trainer / InstructorTrainer / Instructor

Blended Learning Blended Learning EnvironmentEnvironment

LearnerLearner LearnerLearnerLearnerLearner

Resource Materials

Websites

Online Learning

ExpertsExperts

Trainer / Instructor• Delivery• Content

Trainer / Instructor• Delivery• Content

Multimedia TrainingMultimedia Training

Multimedia trainingMultimedia training combines combines audiovisual training methods with audiovisual training methods with computer-based trainingcomputer-based training

Integrate text, graphics, animation, Integrate text, graphics, animation, audio, and videoaudio, and video

Trainee can interact with the Trainee can interact with the contentcontent

Delivered using interactive video, Delivered using interactive video, the Internet or intranetsthe Internet or intranets

Advantages and Advantages and Disadvantages of Disadvantages of Multimedia Multimedia Training:Training:

AdvantagesAdvantages Self-pacedSelf-paced InteractiveInteractive Consistency of contentConsistency of content Consistency of deliveryConsistency of delivery Unlimited geographic Unlimited geographic

accessibilityaccessibility Immediate feedbackImmediate feedback Built-in guidance systemBuilt-in guidance system Appeals to multiple sensesAppeals to multiple senses Can test and certify Can test and certify

masterymastery PrivacyPrivacy

DisadvantagesDisadvantages Expensive to Expensive to

developdevelop Ineffective for Ineffective for

certain training certain training contentcontent

Trainee anxiety Trainee anxiety with using with using technologytechnology

Difficult to quickly Difficult to quickly updateupdate

Lack of Lack of agreement on agreement on effectivenesseffectiveness

Computer-Based Computer-Based TrainingTraining

Computer-based training (CBT)Computer-based training (CBT) is an is an interactive training experience in interactive training experience in which:which:• computer provides learning computer provides learning

stimulusstimulus• trainee must respondtrainee must respond• computer analyzes responses, computer analyzes responses,

providesprovides

CD-ROM, DVD,Laser Disc

Interactive Video

The Internet,Web-Based

Training, andE-Learning

Virtual Reality

Computer-Based Computer-Based TrainingTraining

Web-based TrainingWeb-based Training

Web-based Training Web-based Training SupportsSupports

virtual realityvirtual reality animationanimation interactioninteraction communication between communication between

traineestrainees real-time audio & videoreal-time audio & video

Levels of internet-based Levels of internet-based training:training:

Level 1 2 3 4 5 6

Communications Online Referencing

Testing Assessment

Distribution of

Computer-Based

Training & Multimedia

Blended Learning

Electronic Performance

Support Systems

Characteristics of E-Characteristics of E-LearningLearning

Content• Text• Video• Graphics• Sound

Collaboration and Sharing• Communities of Practice• Peers• Other Trainees• Experts• Mentors and Advisors

Learner Control• Practice• Pacing• Feedback• Content• Accessibility

Delivery• Internet / Intranet• Web• Distance Learning• CD - ROM

Administration• Enrollment• Monitoring• Progress Assessment

Link to Resources

• Other Training Materials

• Other Web-Based Training

• Link to Electronic Performance Support Systems

Rules for DesigningRules for DesigningEffective Web-Based Effective Web-Based TrainingTraining

DevelopmentDevelopment Instructional EffectivenessInstructional Effectiveness Learner ControlLearner Control LinkagesLinkages SharingSharing

DevelopmentDevelopment

PurposePurpose NeedsNeeds Music graphics, icons, animation, Music graphics, icons, animation,

and video facilitate and do not and video facilitate and do not interfere with learninginterfere with learning

RelevanceRelevance TestedTested ContentContent

Instructional Instructional EffectivenessEffectiveness

FeedbackFeedback AssessmentAssessment Abstract --> real Abstract --> real ObstaclesObstacles VarietyVariety

Learner ControlLearner Control

A navigator or content map is A navigator or content map is provided so trainees can move provided so trainees can move forward or backward through the forward or backward through the program & easily access resources program & easily access resources & links to other sites as needed& links to other sites as needed

Trainee can compare answers, Trainee can compare answers, approaches, & responses to approaches, & responses to questions to those provided by questions to those provided by othersothers

Learner Control-2Learner Control-2

Trainees can begin the program Trainees can begin the program where they want or a starting where they want or a starting point can be based on an point can be based on an assessment of their knowledge, assessment of their knowledge, skills, or experiences related to skills, or experiences related to the programthe program

LinkagesLinkages

Follow-up materials & Follow-up materials & additional resources additional resources (charts, tables, other (charts, tables, other web sites) are identified web sites) are identified & easily accessible to & easily accessible to traineestrainees

SharingSharing

Opportunities exist for Opportunities exist for electronically interacting with electronically interacting with & sharing with trainers, peers, & sharing with trainers, peers, other trainees, & expertsother trainees, & experts•e-maile-mail•chat roomschat rooms•bulletin boardsbulletin boards

Advantages of E-Advantages of E-learninglearning

supports strategysupports strategy accessible any time ,placeaccessible any time ,place unlimited audienceunlimited audience can be geographically dispersedcan be geographically dispersed delivered faster, to more employees, in a delivered faster, to more employees, in a

shorter time periodshorter time period easy updatingeasy updating learning environment can be built inlearning environment can be built in enhanced learningenhanced learning eliminate paperworkeliminate paperwork link learnerslink learners

Factors Limiting the Use of Factors Limiting the Use of E-LearningE-Learning

CostCost Lack of motivation of employees to learn onlineLack of motivation of employees to learn online Lack of management buy-inLack of management buy-in Lack of employee intranet accessLack of employee intranet access Lack of proof concerning return on investmentLack of proof concerning return on investment Lack of high-quality contentLack of high-quality content

Intelligent Tutoring Intelligent Tutoring SystemsSystems

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) - Intelligent tutoring systems (ITS) - instructional systems using artificial instructional systems using artificial intelligenceintelligence

There are three types of ITS:There are three types of ITS:• tutoringtutoring•coachingcoaching•empowering environmentsempowering environments

Tutoring is a structured attempt to Tutoring is a structured attempt to increase trainee understanding of a increase trainee understanding of a content domaincontent domain

Components of intelligent Components of intelligent tutoring systems:tutoring systems:

Domain Expert

Provides information about how to perform the task

Trainee Model

Provides information about student’s knowledge

Training Session Manager

Interprets trainees’ actions and reports the results or provides coaching

Trainee Scenario Generator

Determines difficulty and order in which problems are presented to trainee

User Interface

Enables trainee to interact with the system

Characteristics of Intelligent Characteristics of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS):Tutoring Systems (ITS):

ITS has the ability to match instruction to individual ITS has the ability to match instruction to individual student needsstudent needs

ITS can communicate and respond to the studentITS can communicate and respond to the student ITS can model the trainee’s learning processITS can model the trainee’s learning process ITS can decide, on the basis of a trainee’s previous ITS can decide, on the basis of a trainee’s previous

performance, what information to provideperformance, what information to provide ITS can make decisions about the trainee’s level of ITS can make decisions about the trainee’s level of

understandingunderstanding ITS can complete a self-assessment resulting in a ITS can complete a self-assessment resulting in a

modification of its teaching processmodification of its teaching process

ITS has the ability to match instruction to individual ITS has the ability to match instruction to individual student needsstudent needs

ITS can communicate and respond to the studentITS can communicate and respond to the student ITS can model the trainee’s learning processITS can model the trainee’s learning process ITS can decide, on the basis of a trainee’s previous ITS can decide, on the basis of a trainee’s previous

performance, what information to provideperformance, what information to provide ITS can make decisions about the trainee’s level of ITS can make decisions about the trainee’s level of

understandingunderstanding ITS can complete a self-assessment resulting in a ITS can complete a self-assessment resulting in a

modification of its teaching processmodification of its teaching process

Distance LearningDistance Learning Distance learningDistance learning is used by is used by

geographically dispersed geographically dispersed companies to provide information companies to provide information about new products, policies, about new products, policies, procedures, and skills training and procedures, and skills training and expert lectures to field locationsexpert lectures to field locations

Two-way communicationTwo-way communication

Distance Distance LearningLearning

AudioconferencingAudioconferencing VideoconferencingVideoconferencing DocuconferencingDocuconferencing

• sharing documents via computerssharing documents via computers Individualized personal-Individualized personal-

computer-based trainingcomputer-based training

Technologies for Technologies for Training SupportTraining Support

Expert Systems

Groupware

Electronic Performance Support Systems (EPSS)

Conditions When Training Conditions When Training Support Technologies Are Most Support Technologies Are Most Needed:Needed:

task is infrequenttask is infrequent task is lengthy, difficult, and information intensivetask is lengthy, difficult, and information intensive damaging consequences of errordamaging consequences of error knowledge, procedures, or approaches frequently knowledge, procedures, or approaches frequently

changechange high employee turnoverhigh employee turnover little time, few resources for training little time, few resources for training responsibility on employeesresponsibility on employees

Training Support Training Support Technologies:Technologies:Expert SystemsExpert Systems

Expert systems - Expert systems - technology that technology that organizes and applies the organizes and applies the knowledge of human experts to knowledge of human experts to specific problemsspecific problems

Support tool Support tool

Expert systems have three elements:Expert systems have three elements:A knowledge base A knowledge base A decision making capability A decision making capability A user interfaceA user interface

Training Support Training Support Technologies:Technologies:GroupwareGroupware Groupware (electronic meeting software) -Groupware (electronic meeting software) - a a

special type of software application special type of software application that enables multiple users to track, that enables multiple users to track, share, and organize information, and to share, and organize information, and to work on the same document work on the same document simultaneouslysimultaneously

Improve business processes & improve Improve business processes & improve meeting effectiveness, identify & share meeting effectiveness, identify & share knowledge knowledge

A groupware system combines such A groupware system combines such elements as:elements as:• electronic mail, document managementelectronic mail, document management

Training Support Training Support Technologies:Technologies:Electronic Performance Electronic Performance Support SystemsSupport Systems

An electronic performance support An electronic performance support system (EPSS) is an electronic system (EPSS) is an electronic infrastructure that:infrastructure that:•captures, stores, and distributes captures, stores, and distributes

individual and corporate knowledge individual and corporate knowledge assets throughout an organization, toassets throughout an organization, to

•enables individuals to achieve required enables individuals to achieve required levels of performance in the fastest levels of performance in the fastest possible time and with a minimum of possible time and with a minimum of support from other peoplesupport from other people

Technologies for Training Technologies for Training AdministrationAdministration

Interactive Voice Technology

Imaging

Training Software Applications

Use of new technology training Use of new technology training methods should be considered methods should be considered under certain conditions:under certain conditions:

1.1. Sufficient budget providedSufficient budget provided2.2. Geography, travel costsGeography, travel costs3.3. Trainees comfortable using technologyTrainees comfortable using technology

the webthe web personal computerspersonal computers CD-ROMsCD-ROMs

4.4. Technology <=> strategyTechnology <=> strategy5.5. Scheduling difficultiesScheduling difficulties6.6. Need more time for practice, Need more time for practice,

feedback, assessmentfeedback, assessment

What training methods What training methods will you be using in your will you be using in your

training module?training module?

What are their strengths? What are their strengths? Weaknesses?Weaknesses?