under water sensor network energy based

UNDER WATER SENSOR NETWORK

Kunal Goel M.Tech CSE

MMU, MULLANA

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

• Sensor network is highly distributed network of wireless nodes in large number to monitor the environment.

• Each sensor node have it own limited sensing region, energy and power.

• Few parameter on basis it works like:-– Temperature– Pressure– Relatively Humidity.

Contd….

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

• Each node of sensor network consist of three sub system:-– The Sensing Sub-System.– The Processing Sub-System.– The Communication Sub-System.

• Sensor network consist of different types of sensor like seismic, thermal, visual and infrared, which monitored various conditions.

WSN DESIGN FACTORS

• Fault Tolerance• Scalability• Production Costs• Hardware Constraints• Sensor Network Topology• Environment• Transmission Media• Power Consumption

Contd…..

WSN DESIGN FACTORS

FAULT TOLERANCE

• Each Nodes are prone to unexpected failure (more than other network)

• Fault tolerance is the ability to sustain sensor network functionalities without any interruption due to sensor node failures.

WSN DESIGN FACTORS

SCALABILITY

• Size: Number of node (100 ~1000)• Density : μ(R)=(NR2)/A • Protocol should

be able to scale to such high degree.take advantage of the high density of such networks.

WSN DESIGN FACTORS

PRODUCTION COSTS

• The cost of a single node must be low given the amount of functionalities

• Much less than $1

WSN DESIGN FACTORS

HARDWARE CONSTRAINTS

• All these units combined together mustExtremely low powerExtremely small volume

WSN DESIGN FACTORS

TOPOLOGY

• Must be maintained specially in very high densitiesPre-deployment and deployment phasePost-deployment phaseRe-deployment of additional nodes phase

WSN DESIGN FACTORS

ENVIRONMENT

• May be inaccessible either because of hostile environment or because they are embedded in a structure

• Impact of environment condition Temperature Humidity Movement Underwater Underground

Contd…..

WSN DESIGN FACTORS

ENVIRONMENT

• Bottom of an ocean• Surface of an ocean during a tornado• Biologically or chemically contaminated field• Battlefield beyond the enemy lines• Home or a large building• Animals• Fast moving vehicles

WSN DESIGN FACTORS

TRANSMISSION MEDIA

• RF

• Infrared

• Optical

• Acoustic

TYPES OF WSN

• Depending on the environment1. Terrestrial WSN

• Ad Hoc (unstructured)• Preplanned (structured)

2. Underground WSN• Preplanned• more expensive equipment, deployment, maintenance

3. Underwater WSN • fewer sensor nodes( sparse deployment)• more expensive than terrestrial• acoustic wave communication

– Limited bandwidth– long propagation delay– signal fading

Why Underwater?

• The Earth is a water planet– About 2/3 of the Earth covered by oceans

• Largely unexplored, huge amount resources to discover

• Many potential applications– Long-term aquatic monitoring

• Oceanography, seismic predictions, pollution detection, oil/gas field monitoring …

– Short-term aquatic exploration• Underwater natural resource discovery, anti-

submarine mission, loss treasure discovery …

UNDER WATER SENSOR NETWORK

• Wireless information transmission through the ocean is one of the enabling technologies for the development of future ocean-observation systems and sensor networks.

• Underwater wireless sensing systems are envisioned for stand-alone applications and control of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and another is submersibles, also known as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs).

Contd…..

UNDER WATER SENSOR NETWORK

• Among the first underwater acoustic systems was the submarine communication system developed in the USA around the end of the Second World War.

2-TIER ARCHITECTURE

HAVE A LOOK !!!

A small chip holding all the components.

1 Terminal block for solar panel or external 12V supply

2 Molex connector for battery (paralleled with connector 1)

3 Debugging interface can be used to monitor phone communications using a pc serial port

4 ICD2 interface for programming the PIC

5 Molex connector to mobile phone

6 Molex connector to underwater sensor

I-19

Some Networked Sensor Node

LWIM III

UCLA, 1996

Geophone, RFM

radio, PIC, star

network

AWAIRS I

UCLA/RSC 1998

Geophone, DS/SS

Radio, strongARM,

Multi-hop networks

Processor

WINS NG 2.0

Sensoria, 2001

Node development

platform; multi-

sensor, dual radio,

Linux on SH4,

Preprocessor, GPS

UCB Mote, 2000

4 Mhz, 4K Ram

512K EEProm,

128K code,

CSMA

half-duplex RFM radio

WORKING OF UWSN

SOLUTION FOR ENERGY LOSS• What is the Solution....?

Hardware Solution

Design Energy Efficiency Sensor

Node

Employ Renewable Energy

Resource

Software Solution

Energy Efficient Algorithm or Protocol

I-22

Comparison of Energy Sources

Power (Energy) Density Source of Estimates

Batteries (Zinc-Air) 1050 -1560 mWh/cm3 (1.4 V) Published data from manufacturers

Batteries(Lithium ion) 300 mWh/cm3 (3 - 4 V) Published data from manufacturers

Solar (Outdoors)

15 mW/cm2 - direct sun

0.15mW/cm2 - cloudy day. Published data and testing.

Solar (Indoor)

.006 mW/cm2 - my desk

0.57 mW/cm2 - 12 in. under a 60W bulb Testing

Vibrations 0.001 - 0.1 mW/cm3 Simulations and Testing

Acoustic Noise

3E-6 mW/cm2 at 75 Db sound level

9.6E-4 mW/cm2 at 100 Db sound level Direct Calculations from Acoustic TheoryPassive Human

Powered 1.8 mW (Shoe inserts >> 1 cm2) Published Study.

Thermal Conversion 0.0018 mW - 10 deg. C gradient Published Study.

Nuclear Reaction

80 mW/cm3

1E6 mWh/cm3 Published Data.

Fuel Cells

300 - 500 mW/cm3

~4000 mWh/cm3 Published Data.

With aggressive energy management, ENS mightlive off the environment.

FUTURE SCOPE

• Reduce– Maintenance– Hardware Size– Costing

• Increase– System Life– Gather more Information– Future Predictions

THANKS