under water sensor network energy based
DESCRIPTION
Seminar on underwater sensor network in which we are focusing on energy conservation or how to regain the energy in the sensor from tidal energy this is generating the new concept in this fieldTRANSCRIPT
UNDER WATER SENSOR NETWORK
Kunal Goel M.Tech CSE
MMU, MULLANA
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
• Sensor network is highly distributed network of wireless nodes in large number to monitor the environment.
• Each sensor node have it own limited sensing region, energy and power.
• Few parameter on basis it works like:-– Temperature– Pressure– Relatively Humidity.
Contd….
WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
• Each node of sensor network consist of three sub system:-– The Sensing Sub-System.– The Processing Sub-System.– The Communication Sub-System.
• Sensor network consist of different types of sensor like seismic, thermal, visual and infrared, which monitored various conditions.
WSN DESIGN FACTORS
• Fault Tolerance• Scalability• Production Costs• Hardware Constraints• Sensor Network Topology• Environment• Transmission Media• Power Consumption
Contd…..
WSN DESIGN FACTORS
FAULT TOLERANCE
• Each Nodes are prone to unexpected failure (more than other network)
• Fault tolerance is the ability to sustain sensor network functionalities without any interruption due to sensor node failures.
WSN DESIGN FACTORS
SCALABILITY
• Size: Number of node (100 ~1000)• Density : μ(R)=(NR2)/A • Protocol should
be able to scale to such high degree.take advantage of the high density of such networks.
WSN DESIGN FACTORS
PRODUCTION COSTS
• The cost of a single node must be low given the amount of functionalities
• Much less than $1
WSN DESIGN FACTORS
HARDWARE CONSTRAINTS
• All these units combined together mustExtremely low powerExtremely small volume
WSN DESIGN FACTORS
TOPOLOGY
• Must be maintained specially in very high densitiesPre-deployment and deployment phasePost-deployment phaseRe-deployment of additional nodes phase
WSN DESIGN FACTORS
ENVIRONMENT
• May be inaccessible either because of hostile environment or because they are embedded in a structure
• Impact of environment condition Temperature Humidity Movement Underwater Underground
Contd…..
WSN DESIGN FACTORS
ENVIRONMENT
• Bottom of an ocean• Surface of an ocean during a tornado• Biologically or chemically contaminated field• Battlefield beyond the enemy lines• Home or a large building• Animals• Fast moving vehicles
WSN DESIGN FACTORS
TRANSMISSION MEDIA
• RF
• Infrared
• Optical
• Acoustic
TYPES OF WSN
• Depending on the environment1. Terrestrial WSN
• Ad Hoc (unstructured)• Preplanned (structured)
2. Underground WSN• Preplanned• more expensive equipment, deployment, maintenance
3. Underwater WSN • fewer sensor nodes( sparse deployment)• more expensive than terrestrial• acoustic wave communication
– Limited bandwidth– long propagation delay– signal fading
Why Underwater?
• The Earth is a water planet– About 2/3 of the Earth covered by oceans
• Largely unexplored, huge amount resources to discover
• Many potential applications– Long-term aquatic monitoring
• Oceanography, seismic predictions, pollution detection, oil/gas field monitoring …
– Short-term aquatic exploration• Underwater natural resource discovery, anti-
submarine mission, loss treasure discovery …
UNDER WATER SENSOR NETWORK
• Wireless information transmission through the ocean is one of the enabling technologies for the development of future ocean-observation systems and sensor networks.
• Underwater wireless sensing systems are envisioned for stand-alone applications and control of autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), and another is submersibles, also known as remotely operated vehicles (ROVs).
Contd…..
UNDER WATER SENSOR NETWORK
• Among the first underwater acoustic systems was the submarine communication system developed in the USA around the end of the Second World War.
2-TIER ARCHITECTURE
HAVE A LOOK !!!
A small chip holding all the components.
1 Terminal block for solar panel or external 12V supply
2 Molex connector for battery (paralleled with connector 1)
3 Debugging interface can be used to monitor phone communications using a pc serial port
4 ICD2 interface for programming the PIC
5 Molex connector to mobile phone
6 Molex connector to underwater sensor
I-19
Some Networked Sensor Node
LWIM III
UCLA, 1996
Geophone, RFM
radio, PIC, star
network
AWAIRS I
UCLA/RSC 1998
Geophone, DS/SS
Radio, strongARM,
Multi-hop networks
Processor
WINS NG 2.0
Sensoria, 2001
Node development
platform; multi-
sensor, dual radio,
Linux on SH4,
Preprocessor, GPS
UCB Mote, 2000
4 Mhz, 4K Ram
512K EEProm,
128K code,
CSMA
half-duplex RFM radio
WORKING OF UWSN
SOLUTION FOR ENERGY LOSS• What is the Solution....?
Hardware Solution
Design Energy Efficiency Sensor
Node
Employ Renewable Energy
Resource
Software Solution
Energy Efficient Algorithm or Protocol
I-22
Comparison of Energy Sources
Power (Energy) Density Source of Estimates
Batteries (Zinc-Air) 1050 -1560 mWh/cm3 (1.4 V) Published data from manufacturers
Batteries(Lithium ion) 300 mWh/cm3 (3 - 4 V) Published data from manufacturers
Solar (Outdoors)
15 mW/cm2 - direct sun
0.15mW/cm2 - cloudy day. Published data and testing.
Solar (Indoor)
.006 mW/cm2 - my desk
0.57 mW/cm2 - 12 in. under a 60W bulb Testing
Vibrations 0.001 - 0.1 mW/cm3 Simulations and Testing
Acoustic Noise
3E-6 mW/cm2 at 75 Db sound level
9.6E-4 mW/cm2 at 100 Db sound level Direct Calculations from Acoustic TheoryPassive Human
Powered 1.8 mW (Shoe inserts >> 1 cm2) Published Study.
Thermal Conversion 0.0018 mW - 10 deg. C gradient Published Study.
Nuclear Reaction
80 mW/cm3
1E6 mWh/cm3 Published Data.
Fuel Cells
300 - 500 mW/cm3
~4000 mWh/cm3 Published Data.
With aggressive energy management, ENS mightlive off the environment.
FUTURE SCOPE
• Reduce– Maintenance– Hardware Size– Costing
• Increase– System Life– Gather more Information– Future Predictions
THANKS