u03 interaction
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ESSENTIAL NATURAL SCIENCE 2Unit 3
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Interaction and coordination
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Interaction in animals
Elements of interaction
Plants
StimuliTropismNastic movementHormones in plants
Receptors
Receptors and the 5 sensesTypes
Coordination in animals
The coordination systems
Interaction in unicellular organisms
Characteristics
Motor system
InvertebratesVertebrates
INTERACTION AND COORDINATION
Stimuli
Types detected by animals
The nervous system
InvertebratesVertebratesHow it works
The endocrine system
Endocrine glands
Responsive organs
How they work
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Interaction in animals
Types of stimuli detected by animals
Types of receptors in animals
Receptors and the five senses
The nervous system in invertebrates
The nervous system in vertebrates
How the nervous system works
The endocrine system
Motor responses in vertebrates
Types of stimuli detected by plants
Tropism Nastic movements
Hormones in plants
Interaction in unicellular organisms
The coordination systems
How the responsive organs work
Motor responses in invertebrates
Links
Nervous system
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Interaction in animals
Elements of interaction
1. Stimuli
• physical• chemical• biotic
• internal• external
2. Receptors sense organs
3. Coordination systems
• nervous system• endocrine system
4. Responsive organs (effectors)
• muscles• glands
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hunger
Interaction in animals
Elements of interaction
1. Stimuli• internal hunger
• external insect
2. Receptor eyes: the sense of sight
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insect
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responsive organs
nervous centres
information
Interaction in animals
2
Elements of interaction
3. Coordination systems
nervous centres
4. Responsive organs (effectors)
• muscles• glands
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hunger satiation
Elements of interaction
3. Coordination systems
• nervous system• endocrine system
3
Interaction in animals
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Types of stimuli detected by animals
temperature
pressure
light
sound
other organisms
Physical Biotic
salts
pollutants
water
Chemical
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Receptors and the five senses in mammals
STIMULUS RECEPTOR SENSE
light eyes sight
sound ears hearing
smell nose smell
taste tongue (taste buds) taste
touch skin touch
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Types of receptors in animals classified by stimulus
Mechanoreceptors
• touch
• pressure
• sound
• movement
Thermoreceptors
• temperature change
Chemoreceptors• chemical substances in the environment
Photoreceptors
• light
taste buds in the mouth
olfactory cells in the nose
compound eyes
lateral line
facial pitsskin
eyes
ocellus
feathered antennae
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Endocrine system
Nervous system
The coordination systems
SEE COMPARISIONOF SYSTEMS
IN ANIMALS IN PLANTSneurons
endocrine glands
Production of chemical substances
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The coordination systems
Characteristics Nervous system Endocrine system
Mode of transport nerves blood
Means of transmission nerve impulses hormones
Speed of response rapid slow
Duration of reponse rapid long
Functions which it regulates and coordinates
Functions which require rapid responses, such as locomotion
Functions which require maintained responses such as growth, development, metabolism
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Nervous system in invertebrates
Nerve nets
nerve net
jellyfishpolyps
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Nervous system in invertebrates
Ganglia system
grasshopper
brain
nerve cord
ganglia
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Nervous system in vertebrates
brain
nerves
spinal cord
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How the nervous system works
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brain
information
response
responsive organs (effectors)
stimulus
nerve impulses
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The endocrine system
Endocrine glands
pituitary glandadrenal gland
testespancreas
thyroid and parathyroid
gland
thyroid and parathyroid
glands pituitary gland
pancreasadrenal glandovaries
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Motor response: movement muscles
Motor system
Endocrine response:release of hormones
glands
Endocrine system
stimulus
How the responsive organs work
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Motor responses in vertebrates
Muscular system: Muscles cover the skeleton and produce movement by contracting.
skull
ribs spinal column
limbs or legsSkeletal system: Bones support the body and act as levers during movement.
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fast moving animals
Motor responses in invertebrates
Animals fixed to a
surface and slow moving animals have hard shells.
hard shells
moult
light, flexible exoskeletons at
the joints
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Types of stimuli detected by plants
light gravity mechanical (touch, wind...)
chemical temperature moisture
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Tropism
Phototropism Geotropism
Thigmotropism
Hydrotropism
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permanent responses
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Tropisms
Phototropism Geotropism
Thigmotropism
Hydrotropism
permanent responses
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Nastic movements
These flowers open at dusk and close during the day.
Carnivorous plants close their leaves when an insect lands on them.
Tulips open and close according to the temperature.
Mimosa leaves retract when touched.
Temporary responses
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Hormones in plants
hormone production
flowering plant growth
ripening of fruit falling leaves
Hormones control growth and development.
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Interaction in unicelluar organisms
Types of stimuli
physical stimuli
chemical stimuli
lighttemperature
pressure
chemical substances
Types of responses
static dynamic
CAUSES• lack of nutrients• dry conditions• extreme temperatures
encystment (formation of cysts)
ameboid movement
vibratile movement
contractile movement
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Links
The effect of stimuli on the behaviour of an organismhttp://www.saburchill.com/chapters/chap0068.html
Nervous systemhttp://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/introb.html
Tropism and tropism quizhttp://virtualastronaut.tietronix.com/textonly/act25/text-plants.html
Invertebrate nervous systemhttp://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/invert.html
Plant growth and hormoneshttp://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookPLANTHORM.html
Plant responseshttp://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/library/cat-removed/u3aos23.html
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