u nidad 1: etapa 1

unidad 1: etapa 1

Profesor Martin

Bienvenido a Miami

el índice

1.Familiar and formal speech2.subject pronouns3.Ser4.Infinitives5.Gustar

Familiar and Formal Speech

Informal FormalUse with… a) children /young adults b) people your age

Use with… a) adults b) authority figures - parents - teachers - bosses - police officers

Only used when you talk directly to someone or a group of people1. You 2. Y’all (you all)

Familiar and Formal Speech

Tu = You (familiar) Vosotros = Y’all (familiar)Vosotras = Y’all (familiar)

Usted = You (formal) Ustedes = Y’all (formal)Spain

All other countries

Tu = You (familiar) Ustedes = Y’all (familiar)

Usted = You (formal) Ustedes = Y’all (formal)

Familiar and formalmateriales

actividades

1. YouTube video = https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dVlkKvhUoS0

1. ¿Cómo estás? Vs ¿cómo está?

Activity 1¿Cómo está? Vs ¿cómo está? What would you use… A) ¿Cómo estás? o ¿Cómo está?

1. Your good friend Antonio2. The father of your good friend Antonio3. Antonio's little brother Felipe4. Your best friend5. Your teacher6. Your classmates7. Your father8. Your mother9. Your aunt or uncle 10.Your brother11. A stranger that is your age12.A stranger that is older than you

Infinitives1. An infinitive is always a verb

2. In Spanish, infinitives always end in one of 3 combinations…a) ARb) ER c) IR

3. Infinitives never have a subject, they always mean “to do something.”a) Ex. To eatb) Ex. To run

• Notice, in the two examples above we do not know who is eating or running, the verbs do not have a subject.

Infinitivesmaterials

1. YouTube video =

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B3zEPjRdxmA

Actividades

1. Which are the infinites?

Activity 1

Which are the infinitives?

1. Hablar2. Hablamos3. Bailas4. Bailar5. Comer6. comáis7. Correr8. Escribir9. Leer10. Nadar11. Patinar12. Patina

SUBJECT PRONOUNSA pronoun is a word that takes the place of a noun.

WHAT IS A PRONOUN?

It’s a word used instead of a noun (or a phrase containing a noun)Example: `He', `it', `who', and `anything' are pronouns.

When the pronoun is the subject (the person doing the action) of the sentence, it is called a Subject Pronoun.Example: Bob is swimming. He is swimming.

Subject Subject Pronoun

WHAT ARE THE ENGLISH SUBJECT PRONOUNS?

Singular Plural

1st person I We

2nd person You Y’all

3rd person He, She, It They

ENGLISH SUBJECT PRONOUNS AND THEIR SPANISH EQUIVALENTS

Spanish subject pronouns are similar to English, but there are some differences.

Singular Plural

1st person I = Yo

We = Nosotros (masc. / mixed) Nosotras (fem.)

2nd person

You (familiar) = Tú Y’all (familiar) = Vosotros

Vosotras

3rd person

You (formal) = Usted

He = él She = ella

Y’all (plural) = Ustedes

They (masc. / mixed) = Ellos

They (fem) = Ellas

THE FIRST PERSON SINGULAR PRONOUN “YO”

“Yo” means “I” and is used in the same way as in English.

Note that it is not capitalized unless it starts a sentence: Mi amigo y yo… Yo soy de Estados Unidos.

SECOND PERSON SINGULAR PRONOUN

TÚ

Tú means you (familiar) Used when talking to

someone that is familiar to you.

We’ll learn more about this in a moment.

FORMAL YOUUSTED

Usted means you (formal) Used when talking to someone you should respect. Abbriviated: Capital U lower case d period. Ex: Ud. We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a moment.

3RD PERSON SINGULAR MASCULINE

ÉL Él = he It is used when talking ABOUT a boy/guy/man. used in the same way as it is in English:

Jorge es de Mexico. Él es de Mexico D.F. DON’T forget the accent mark. If you do, you are

actually writing the Spanish word for “the” él = he el = the

3RD PERSON SINGULAR FEMININEELLA

Ella = she It is used when talking ABOUT a girl/woman. used in the same way as its English

counterpart: Rosa es de Chile. Ella es de Santiago.

Please pronounce it correctly. It sounds like (eh-yah) not (el-lah) Remember ll= y sound.

Use nosotros/ nosotras to talk about a group of people that includes you.

In English we have one word to talk about “we,” but in Spanish, we distinguish between “we” masculine and feminine:

Use nosotros to talk about a group of boys/men.

Use nosotras to talk about a group of girls/women.

Use the masculine pronoun if it refers to a mixed group:

THE FIRST PERSON PLURAL PRONOUN “NOSOTROS / NOSOTRAS”

YOU PLURAL = (Y’ALL)USTEDES

Abbriviated Capital “U”, lower case “d”, lower case “s” period.

Ex: Uds. Used to talk TO A GROUP of people. We’ll learn more about this pronoun in a

moment.

3RD PERSON PLURAL MASCULINEELLOS

Ellos = They (masculine) It is used when talking ABOUT

a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group.

Please pronounce it correctly. It sounds like (eh-yohs) not (el-

lohs) Remember ll= y sound.

3RD PERSON PLURAL FEMININEELLAS

Ellas = They (feminine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females. Please pronounce it correctly.

It sounds like (eh-yahs) not (el-lahs) Remember ll= y sound.

YOU

In English, one may say “YOU” or “Y’all”. These cover aspects of being singular and plural, masculine and feminine, formal and informal.

In Spanish there are 5 ways to express “you” tú usted (Ud.) vosotros vosotras ustedes (Uds.)

Let’s look at the singular forms first. Each one has a specific time when it used. If you use the wrong one, it can be offensive to the person with whom you are speaking.

DIFFERENCES – YOU: TÚ VS. USTED

Tú = you (informal/familiar/friendly)

Use “tú” when talking to people with whom you are on a first name basis.

friendsfamilysmall childrenpeople younger than

you

Usted (Ud.) = you (formal)

Use “Usted” when talking with people to whom you should show respect.

People in authority (police, teachers, bosses, etc.)

StrangersAdults

In Spanish there are three ways to say “all of you” Vosotros Vosotras Ustedes (Uds.)

The Vosotros/Vosotras forms are used primarily in Spain.

We will not use vosotros/as in class, but you need to be aware of it.

DIFFERENCES – Y’ALL

The plural you form “ustedes (Uds.)” Is used differently in Spain and Latin America.

Since we use Latin American Spanish in class, we will only use Uds. to indicate all forms of y’all.

DIFFERENCES – Y’ALL

REVIEW

Yo = IFirst person singularNot capitalized unless the first word of the sentenceUsed to talk ABOUT yourself

Nosotros/as = wedistinguish between “we” masculine and feminineUsed to talk ABOUT yourself and friends

Tú = You (singular, informal/familiar)Use it to talk TO a person that is a friend or family member

Vosotros/as = Y’all (singular, familiar)Use it to talk TO a group of friends or family members.

Él = heDon’t forget the accentUse it to talk ABOUT a guy.Ella = sheUse it to talk ABOUT a girl.Watch the pronunciation.

Uds. = Y’allUse it to talk TO a group of peopleEllos = They (masculine)It is used when talking ABOUT a group of boys/guys/men or a mixed group.Ellas = They (feminine) It is used when talking ABOUT a group of only females.

Ud. = You (singular, formal)Use it to talk TO a person that is due respect.

SUBJECT PRONOUNS

materiales

actividades

1. Subject Pronouns Spanish to English (doc)2. Subject Pronouns (combine the subjects) (doc)3. Subject Pronouns (replace the subject) (doc)

1. Subject Pronoun notes (doc)

Ser

I am Yo soy We are Nosotros somos Nosotras

You are Tú eres Y’all are Vosotros sois Vosotras

You are Usted es

He is Él esShe is Ella es

Y’all are Ustedes son

They are Ellos sonThey are (f) Ellas son

Ser = to be

•Unlike English, you DO NOT need to use the subject pronouns

Ser• In Spanish the verb “to be” has two translations.• Both verbs are used in different circumstances.

o Estar = to beo Ser = to be

• Estar = Is generally used with non permanent conditions.• Ex. I am happy = Estoy aburrido. (I am bored)• Feeling at the moment, subject to change

• Ser = Is generally used with permanent conditions or facts.• Ex. I am a happy = Soy aburrido. (I am a boring person)• Personality trait, not subject to change.

• We will focus on the form of Ser in this chapter.

SerPrimary Uses1.Origin (to say where you are from)o Soy de Georgia = I am from Georgia

2.Facts (who or what)o John es mi amigo. = John is my friend.o John es policía = John is a police officer.

3.Personality traits.o Ella es inteligente = She is intelligent.

Ser

materials

activities

1. Text Book pg. 36, activity 9 (Descríbelos)2. Text Book Pg. 36, activity 11 (¿Quién es Francisco?)3. Text Book Pg. 37, activity 12 (Yo soy…)4. Text Book Pg. 38, activity 13 (¿De dónde son?)5. Text Book Pg. 38, activity 14 (¡Son de muchos lugares!)

1. PowerPoint and text book

El Verbo “GUSTAR”

• En español gustar =“to be pleasing”

• In English, the equivalent is “to like”

Spanish and English have a different way to express likes and dislikes

• In English we say: “I like Spanish.”

• In Spanish we say: “To me, Spanish is pleasing.”

Gustar is a special ‘ar’ verb

• Gustar is a special verb that has it’s own set of rules.

• It’s not conjugated like a regular –ar verb, so

it does not follow the drop the ending rule.

• To say “I like” you don’t say “Yo gusto”.

To me = me To us = nos

To you (informal) = te To y’all = os

To you (formal) = le

To him = leTo her = le

To y’all = les

To them = les To them (f) = les

To someone

I am pleasing = gusto To us = nos

You are pleasing (informal) = te

To y’all = os

To you (formal) = le

To him = leTo her = le

Singular objectsInfinitives

To y’all = les

To them = les To them (f) = les

Plural objecss

Someone or something is pleasing

How to use GustarMe gusta = I like (To me, it is pleasing…)

Te gusta = you like (To you, it is pleasing…)

Le gusta= Ud./he/she likes (to him/her, it is pleasing…)

Nos gusta = we like (To us, it is pleasing…)

Les gusta = They like (To them, it is pleasing…)

Gustar grammar rulesHere are the rules for using gustar. 1. To tell an object/things are pleasing to

you.Me gusta + noun.

Ex: Me gusta el apartamento.2. If noun is plural you must use gustan:

Me gustan los apartamentos3. To say you like doing certain

actions(verbs)Me gusta + infinitiveEx: Me gusta comer.

Dislikes

• To say something is not pleasing (not like) you place a NO in front of the sentence.

• No me gusta la casa = I don’t like the house•No nos gusta el maestro = we don’t like the teacher

To ask what people like• Te gusta vivir en la casa = You like to live in the house• To make it a question just add ¿ at beginning and ? At end of

the sentence.

Example:

¿Te gusta vivir en la casa? = Do you like to live in the house?

¿Les gusta correr? = Do they like to run?

Making Le & Les gusta more specific

• Le gusta = he/she likes & Les gusta = They like• To make it more specific you must start the

sentence with “A” and then the person’s name.• Example:• Le gusta bailar = He/She likes to dance• A Steven le gusta bailar = Steven likes to dance.• A él le gusta bailar = He likes to dance.

¿How do you say?

“I like the teacher.”

“The teacher is pleasing to me.”

Me gusta la maestra.

“You like the boys.”

“The boys are pleasing to you.”

Te gustan los chicos.

¿How do you say?

“He doesn’t like to dance.”

“To dance is not pleasing to him.”

no le gusta bailar

¿How do you say?

A él no le gusta bailar

“We like the dogs.”

“Our dogs please us.”

Nos gustan los perros

¿How do you say?

“They don’t like to skate.”

“To skate is not pleasing to them

No les gusta patinar.

¿How do you say?

A ellos no les gusta patinar.

“They like Spanish.”

“Spanish is pleasing to them.”

Les gusta el español.

¿How do you say?

¿Cómo se dice en español?¿Cómo se dice en español? I like to write.

Elena likes to eat pizza.

We don’t like to work.

Carlos and Miguel like girls.

Do they like to run?

You like to swim?

Me gusta escribir.

le gusta comer pizza

No nos gusta Trabajar.

les gustan las chicas.

¿Les gusta correr?

¿Te gusta nadar?

Gustar

materials

actividades

1. Text Book pg. 39, activity 16 (Le gusta…)2. Text Book pg. 40, activity 17 (Preferencias)3. Text Book pg. 40, activity 18 (Me gusta)4. Gustar (2 way conversation)5. Gustar (translation)6. Gustar (interview a classmate)

1. Jeopardy

Presentations / Introductions

Familiar Formal

Te presento a… Le presento a…

How to present someone to another person!

There are 2 ways…

•After the a simply say the name of the person being presented

ex. Te presento a Juan. = To you I present Jaun.

Presentations / Introductions

materials

activities

1. Text Book pg. 41, activity 19 (Presentaciones)