types of energy

Energy The forms and Nature of…

What is Energy?

The Ability to do work or cause change.Produce warmthProduce LightProduce Sound

Produce Movement

Produce Growth Powers

Technology

Nature of Energy• Energy is all around you.

• You hear energy as sound, you see energy as light,

• you can feel energy in wind.

• Living organisms need energy for growth

• and movement.

• You use energy when you hit a tennis ball,

• compress a spring, or lift a grocery bag.

• Energy is the ability to do work

States or Classes of Energy

Potential Kinetic

Stored energy or energy of position

Gravitational, stored mechanical, Nuclear, chemical

Energy of Motion

Motion, Electrical, Sound, Radiant,

Thermal

What is Potential Energy?

oEnergy that is stored and waiting to be used later

What is Gravitational Potential Energy?

o Potential energy due to an object’s position

o P.E. = mass x height x

gravity

Don’t look down, Rover!

Good boy!

Changes in gravitational potential energy

For an object in Earth’s gravitational field:

If an object falls will it gain or lose gravitational potential energy?

If an object moves up will it gain or lose gravitational

potential energy?

GPE=Wh

We can calculate the change in gravitational potential energy (GPE) for a moving object using the formula below:

Change in GPE = Weight x Change in height

GPE=Wh

GPE measured in Joules (J)

Weight measured in Newtons (N)

Height measured in Metres (m)

Potential Energy•Stored Mechanical

•Chemical

•Nuclear Energy

What is Kinetic Energy?

o Energy an object has due to its motion

o K.E. = .5(mass x speed2)

KE=½m(v)²

We can calculate the kinetic energy (KE) for a moving object using the formula below:

Kinetic Energy = ½x mass x(velocity)2

KE=½mv2

KE measured in Joules (J)

Mass measured in Kilograms (Kg)

Velocity measured in Metres per second (ms)

Forms of Energy

•Mechanical•Thermal•Chemical

ElectricalElectromagneticNuclear

Energy can be transferred, or

converted, from one form to

another!

What is Mechanical Energy?

o Energy due to an object’s motion

(kinetic) or position (potential).

The bowling ball has mechanical energy.

When the ball strikes the pins, mechanical energy is transferred

to the pins!

Mechanical Energy

•Energy of motion or position•Sound, wind, waterfall, compressed spring•KE or PE•Not 100% efficient much lost to heat

Examples of Mechanical Energy

What is ElectromagneticEnergy?

o Light energy

o Includes energy from gamma rays, xrays, ultraviolet rays, visible light,

infrared rays, microwave and

radio bands

Electromagnetic Energy•Light is a form of electromagnetic energy.•Each color of light (Roy G Bv) represents a different amount of electromagnetic energy.

•energy that travels in waves; have electrical and magnetic properties

•Electromagnetic Energy is also carried by X-rays, radio waves, and laser light.

What is Electrical Energy?

o Energy caused by the movement of

electrons

o Easily transported

through power lines and converted into other forms of

energy

Electrical Energy

•Moving electrical charges that produce electricity and energy.

Static ShockLighteningComputers/TVs/

RadiosLights from batteries, power lines,

lightning

What is Chemical Energy?

o Energy that is available for release from

chemical reactions.

The chemical bonds in a matchstick

store energy that is transformed into thermal energy

when the match is struck.

Chemical Energy

•Energy stored by chemical bonds in an object.

•When bonds are broken energy is released.

•PE only

•gasoline, food, coal, wood

Examples of Chemical Energy

Heat/Thermal Energy•The internal motion of an objects atoms and molecules.•Measured by temperature.•The faster particles move, the more thermal energy they have.•KE only

What is Thermal Energy?o Heat energy

o The heat energy of an object determines how active its atoms are.

A hot object is one whose atoms and molecules are excited and show rapid

movement.

A cooler object's molecules and atoms will show less

movement.

Heat Energy• The internal motion of the atoms is

called heat energy, because moving particles produce heat.

• Heat energy can be produced by friction.

• Heat energy causes changes in temperature and phase of any form of matter.

Nuclear Power

• Energy stored in the nucleus of an atom RELEASED by fission

or fusion

SunStarsNuclear

Power Plant

Nuclear Energy

•Energy stored in center(nucleus) of an atom•Fission (breaking apart)•Fusion (forming)•The sun•Most powerful•The nucleus of an atom is the source of nuclear energy.•PE only

QUIZ TIME!What type of energy cooks food in a microwave oven?ELECTROMAGNETIC

ENERGY

What type of energy is the spinning plate inside of a microwave oven?MECHANICAL ENERGY

QUIZ TIME!Electrical energy is transported to your house through power lines.

When you plug an electric fan to a power outlet, electrical energy is transform into what type of energy?

MECHANICAL ENERGY

QUIZ TIME!

What energy transformation occurs

when an electric lamp is turned on?

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY

What types of energy are shown below?

Mechanical and Thermal Energy

What type of energy is shown below?

Chemical Energy

What types of energy are shown below?

Electrical, Mechanical andElectromagnetic Energy

What type of energy is shown below?

Chemical Energy (yummy)

What type of energy is shown below?

Thermal Energy

• Draw a flow map showing the flow of energy transformations in a SYSTEM from starting vehicle to driving. You should have 5 different types of energy.

Energy Transfer

Chemical

Electrical

Electrical

Electrical

Sound(mechanical)

Light(Electromagnetic)

ThermalMechanical