two-lift paving - environmental performance

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Environmental benefitsof two-lift pavementA quantitative perspective based on life cycle assessment (LCA)

Joep MeijerPresident of theRightenvironment

In collaboration with the CP Tech Center

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Topics

1. What is LCA?2. Our experience3. Two-lift case4. What’s next

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Life cycle assessment (LCA)

LCA is a powerful tool for assessing the environmental performance of products, services or scenarios

It is based on material and energy flows for processes and materials that together form a life cycle

Resource A

Resource B

Production Assembly

Use

Maintenance

Recycling

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Life cycle assessment (LCA)

We use world-leading software and databases and apply ISO standards

- ISO 14041 Goal and Scope Definition- ISO 14042 Inventory Analysis- ISO 14043 Interpretation- ISO 14044 Guidelines and principles- ISO 14025 Type III environmental declarations

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Goal and Scope

Functional unit: what is to be assessed in terms of:- Amount- Unit- Functions- Requirements- Geographical considerations- Timeframe

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Inventory

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Impact Assessment

A range of impact categories• global warming (CO2-eq)• depletion of non-renewables (Sb-eq)• depletion of the ozone layer (CFC-11-eq)• Acidification (SO2-eq)• Eutrophication (PO4

3--eq)• Summersmog (Ethylene-eq)• aquatic ecotoxicity (CTUea)• terrrestrial ecotoxicity (CTUet)• human toxicity (CUTh)• Energy (MJ)• non-hazardous waste (kg)• hazardous waste (kg)• …

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Impact AssessmentThe result is an Environmental profile

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

InterpretationMajor contributions give options for improvements

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Two-lift Kansas

Comparison of:1. Traditional2. Two-lift3. Optimized two-lift

Together with Tom Van Dam, APTechGary Fick, Trinity Construction ManagementPeter Taylor, CP Tech Center

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Two-lift Kansas

Functional unit

The material acquisition and construction of 1 km of a two lane highway with a total width of 7.4 m according to KDOT requirements in Kansas

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Two-lift Kansas 3.7 m 3.7 m

Conventional concrete with a thickness of 340 mm

150 mm Cement Treated Base

Traditional

3.7 m 3.7 m

Tie bar: deformed No. 5 reinforcing bar (Grade 30), 915 mm long, spaced every 760 mm across the longitudinal contraction joint, formed by saw cutting D/3

Lower-lift of concrete with a thickness of 300 mm

150 mm Cement Treated Base

Top-lift of concrete with a thickness of 40

Two-lift

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

System boundaries

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Two-lift Kansas

Key differences

1. Traditional• Primary aggregate from OK for PCC• Portland cement

2. Two-lift (same plus)• CTB secondary aggregates on-site crusher• Part fly ash in CTB and top lift

3. Optimized two-lift (same plus)• CTB and bottom lift on-site crusher• Fly ash in bottom lift

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Two-lift Kansas

Limitations

• Average European data for materials, processes, allocation parameters• “just” material acquisition and construction

Look for relative differences not numbers

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Comparison

Significant

1. Traditional 2. Two-lift 3. Optimized

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

All recycling off-site, no on-site recycling

Sensitivity analysis

Significant

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Comparison

Significant

1. Traditional 2. Two-lift 3. Optimized

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Sensitivity analysisAll primary aggregates local, no recycled aggregate

Significant

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Conclusions

• Two-lift shows great potential• Reducing clinker content is a sound strategy• Recycling pays off• Optimizing logistics matters• With equal distances for primary and secondary

aggregates, handling proves to be discriminating (quarry vs. on-site or off-site recycling)

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

LCA related lessons/limitations• Always look at more than 1 indicator ,

not just energy(trade-offs)• Do not forget we did not look at all life cycle stages

(trade-offs)• Always look for sensitivity analyses to test the

robustness of certain parameters or assumptions• We need more US based data

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Next steps

• Develop a framework• Expand on current efforts to make a concrete and

cement US database• Feed with primary data• Perform case studies

UT - Two-Life Pavement workshop, Environmental benefits, Austin TX 05-2013

Environmental benefitsof two-lift pavementA quantitative perspective based on life cycle assessment (LCA)

Joep MeijerPresident of theRightenvironment