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Tree IdentificationISA Certified Arborist
Study guide for the Arborist Certification exam of the International Society of
Arboriculture.
Presented byPresented byJohn RossJohn Ross
Burditt: Conroe, TexasBurditt: Conroe, Texasjross@burditt.comjross@burditt.com
Plant ClassificationPlant Classification (taxonomy)
Kingdom (Plant)
Phylum (Vascular plants or not)
Class (Angiosperms; di or monocotyledons
Gymnosperms have “naked seeds”)
Order
Family (Similar characteristics)
Genus (Closely related, Quercus)
Species (THE individual plant)
Plant Nomenclature
Plant Nomenclature (naming of plants)Plant Nomenclature (naming of plants)
Common names vs. Latin namesCommon names vs. Latin names
Genus and species…. Genus and species…. QuercusQuercus stellatastellata
Varieties & cultivars… Varieties & cultivars… var.var. & ‘Little gem’ & ‘Little gem’
Plant Morphology (appearance of tree parts)Plant Morphology (appearance of tree parts)
Branching structure (alternate, opposite, whorled)Branching structure (alternate, opposite, whorled)
Leaf type (simple or compound)Leaf type (simple or compound)
Leaf margins, apices & basesLeaf margins, apices & bases
Plant Morphology continued
Bud type and arrangementBud type and arrangement
Twig & pith characteristicsTwig & pith characteristics
Seed types (acorn, samara, legume, etc.)Seed types (acorn, samara, legume, etc.)
Bark characteristics (ex. hackberry “warts”)Bark characteristics (ex. hackberry “warts”)
Form & habitatForm & habitat
Flowers (ex. flowering dogwood)Flowers (ex. flowering dogwood)
Loblolly Pine Pinus taeda
3 (Occasionally 2) needles3 (Occasionally 2) needlesGrayish Coloring To ConeGrayish Coloring To ConeForm: Open Spreading CrownForm: Open Spreading Crown
Slash Pine Pinus elliottii
Carmel Coloring To ConeCarmel Coloring To Cone 2 and 3 needles2 and 3 needlesForm: Round Top HeadForm: Round Top Head
White ash Fraxinus americana
Opposite, pinnately compoundOpposite, pinnately compound Single SamaraSingle SamaraU Shaped Leaf ScarU Shaped Leaf Scar
Green ashFraxinus pennsylvania
Opposite, pinnately compoundOpposite, pinnately compound
Single SamaraSingle Samara U Shaped ScarU Shaped Scar Brown Tinged with Red, Brown Tinged with Red, Slightly Furrowed or RidgedSlightly Furrowed or Ridged
Eastern cottonwoodPopulus deltoides
Simple, Alternate, Triangular, Simple, Alternate, Triangular, Square Base, Coarsely ToothedSquare Base, Coarsely Toothed
Prominent Lenticels, Prominent Lenticels, Triangular Leaf ScarsTriangular Leaf Scars
Male CatkinsMale Catkins
American elmUlmus americana
Alternate, Inconspicuous Alternate, Inconspicuous Lenticels, Elevated Lenticels, Elevated
semicircular Leaf Scarssemicircular Leaf Scars
Alternate, Simple, Double Alternate, Simple, Double Serrate, Oblique BaseSerrate, Oblique Base
Broad Flat-Topped Ridges, Broad Flat-Topped Ridges, Deep Elliptical FissuresDeep Elliptical Fissures
Common hackberryCeltis occidentalis
Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Serrate, Asymmetrical BaseSerrate, Asymmetrical Base
Alternate, Numerous Pale Alternate, Numerous Pale LenticelsLenticels
Many Corky Ridges, Gray-Many Corky Ridges, Gray-BrownBrown to Silver-Grayto Silver-Gray
HoneylocustGleditsia triacanthos
Alternate, Deciduous, Pinnate & Alternate, Deciduous, Pinnate & Bipinnately compoundBipinnately compound
Seed PodsSeed Pods
Irregular Shield-shaped Leaf Irregular Shield-shaped Leaf Scars, Stout ThornsScars, Stout Thorns
Gray-brown to Black, Scaly Gray-brown to Black, Scaly Ridges, Deep FissuresRidges, Deep Fissures
Boxelder mapleAcer negundo
Opposite, Coarsely Serrate, Opposite, Coarsely Serrate, Pinnately compoundPinnately compound
Double Samara, Slightly Double Samara, Slightly Converging WingsConverging Wings
Scattered Pale LenticelsScattered Pale Lenticels
MulberryMorus spp.
Alternate, Simple,Deciduous, Alternate, Simple,Deciduous, Toothed & LobedToothed & Lobed
Cluster, Dark-Cluster, Dark-red to Purplishred to Purplish
CatkinsCatkins Gray-brown, Gray-brown, Scattered Gray Scattered Gray
LenticelsLenticels
Bur oakQuercus macrocarpa
Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, 5 Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, 5 to 9 Lobed, Coarsely Toothed to 9 Lobed, Coarsely Toothed
Terminal LobeTerminal Lobe
Acorn, Usually Solitary, Acorn, Usually Solitary, Deep Bowl-shaped Cup, Deep Bowl-shaped Cup,
With conspicuous With conspicuous Fringe, Enclosing up to Fringe, Enclosing up to
¾ of the Nut¾ of the Nut
Half Round Leaf Half Round Leaf ScarsScars
Hairy Stalked CatkinsHairy Stalked Catkins
Eastern redbudCercis canadensis
Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Kidney Shaped, Heart Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Kidney Shaped, Heart Shaped or Flattened BaseShaped or Flattened Base
Calyx Tube, FlowerCalyx Tube, Flower Pod 2” – 3 ½”Pod 2” – 3 ½”
Eastern redcedarJuniperus virginiana
Awl-shaped, Sharp-pointed, Awl-shaped, Sharp-pointed, Spreading and WhitenedSpreading and Whitened
Scale-like in 4 ranks Giving Scale-like in 4 ranks Giving Square appearanceSquare appearance Thin Reddish-brown Bark, Peels Off in Thin Reddish-brown Bark, Peels Off in
Long Shred-like StripsLong Shred-like Strips
SycamorePlatanus occidentalis
Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Wavy Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Wavy With Short or Long Tapering Teeth, With Short or Long Tapering Teeth,
Flat or Heart Shaped BaseFlat or Heart Shaped Base
Persistent Multiple Of Achenes Persistent Multiple Of Achenes Forming A Head 1” in DiameterForming A Head 1” in Diameter
Bark Mottled By Large Plate-Bark Mottled By Large Plate-like Scaleslike Scales
Black walnutJuglans nigra
Alternate, Compound, Extremely Alternate, Compound, Extremely Tapering At End, Toothed Along Tapering At End, Toothed Along
MarginMargin
Born Singly Or In Pairs, Nut Has Hard Born Singly Or In Pairs, Nut Has Hard Thick ShellThick Shell
Many Raised Orange Many Raised Orange Lenticels, Large Shield Lenticels, Large Shield
Shaped Leaf ScarsShaped Leaf Scars
PecanCarya illinoensis
Alternate, Compound, Tapering Alternate, Compound, Tapering At End, Toothed Along MarginAt End, Toothed Along Margin
Ellipsoidal Nut,Thin Skinned Husk, 4-Ellipsoidal Nut,Thin Skinned Husk, 4-Winged From Base to ApexWinged From Base to Apex
Conspicuous Orange-Conspicuous Orange-brown Lenticels, Obovate brown Lenticels, Obovate
Leaf ScarsLeaf Scars
Osage-orangeMaclura pomifera
Broad Rounded Interlacing RidgesBroad Rounded Interlacing Ridges
Alternate, Simple, Oval-pointedAlternate, Simple, Oval-pointed
Short Axillary Thorns, Short Axillary Thorns, Triangular To Kidney Triangular To Kidney Shaped Leaf ScarsShaped Leaf Scars
Compact Cluster Of Green Compact Cluster Of Green Oblong Firm Drupelets, Oblong Firm Drupelets,
Appearance Of A Green OrangeAppearance Of A Green Orange
Post oakQuercus stellata
Alternate, Deciduous, Usually Alternate, Deciduous, Usually Unequally 5-lobedUnequally 5-lobed
Acorn, Occasionally In Pairs, Acorn, Occasionally In Pairs, Bowl Shaped Cup Enclosing 1/3 Bowl Shaped Cup Enclosing 1/3
Of NutOf Nut
Half Round Bundle Leaf Half Round Bundle Leaf Scars, Pale LenticelsScars, Pale Lenticels
Live oakQuercus virginiana (or fusiformis)
Alternate, Simple, Alternate, Simple, Evergreen, Entire MarginEvergreen, Entire Margin
Acorn, In Clusters of 3 to 5, Top Acorn, In Clusters of 3 to 5, Top Shaped Cup Enclosing 1/3 of NutShaped Cup Enclosing 1/3 of Nut
40-50 Feet High, Branching Close 40-50 Feet High, Branching Close To Ground Into A Few Massive To Ground Into A Few Massive Wide Spreading Limbs, RoundWide Spreading Limbs, Round
Topped CrownTopped Crown
Black willowSalix nigra
Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Alternate, Simple, Deciduous, Lanceolate ShapedLanceolate Shaped
Dark Brown to Black, Deeply Dark Brown to Black, Deeply Divided, Shaggy Scales on Old Divided, Shaggy Scales on Old
TrunksTrunks
30-40 Feet High, Clustered 30-40 Feet High, Clustered Stems Forming Broad Irregular Stems Forming Broad Irregular
Open CrownOpen Crown
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