translation and transcription

U TRANSCRIPTION V

The Cell

Nucleus

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Helicase

Helicase unwinds

and unzips fraction of

DNA

TA

A TC G

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

C

C

C

C

G

T

T

T

A

AG

G

A

G

Nucleus

T A

ATC G

C

C

C

C

G

T

T

T

A

A

G

G

A

GT AA TT A

A T

T

AC GT

A

C GT ATA

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

TA

A TC G

C

C

C

C

G

T

T

T

A

AG

G

A

G

T A

ATC G

C

C

C

C

G

T

T

T

A

A

G

G

A

GT AA TT A

A T

T

AC GT

A

C GT ATA

Helicase

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

TA

A TC G

C

C

C

C

G

T

T

T

A

AG

G

A

G

T A

ATC G

C

C

C

C

G

T

T

T

A

A

G

G

A

GT AA TT A

A T

T

AC GT

A

C GT ATA

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

TA

A

T

C

G

C

C

C

G

T

T

A

AG

G

A

T

A

A

TC

G

C

C

CG

T

A

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

T

T

A

C

GTA

C

G

T

AT

A

T

A

C

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

Nucleus

Strand 1

RNA Polymerase

Codin

g

Regio

n

TA

AC

C

G

T

AG

G

A

T

TC

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

TC

CTA

The RNA polymerase will now go

through and copy

codon info, create mRNA

strand and bases to match in, then leave through the

nuclear pore into

the chromosom

e for Translation.

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Strand 1 Cod

ing

Regio

n

TA

AC

C

G

T

AG

G

A

T

TC

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

TC

CTA

RNA Polymerase

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Strand 1 Cod

ing

Regio

n

TA

AC

C

G

T

AG

G

A

T

TC

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

TC

CTA

RNA Polymerase

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Strand 1 Cod

ing

Regio

n

TA

AC

C

G

T

AG

G

A

T

TC

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

TC

CTA

RNA Polymerase

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Strand 1 Cod

ing

Regio

n

TA

AC

C

G

T

AG

G

A

T

TC

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

TC

CTA

RNA Polymerase

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Strand 1

RNA Polymerase

TA

AC

C

G

T

AG

G

A

T

TC

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

TC

CTA

Thymine, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Strand 1

RNA Polymerase

TA

AC

C

G

T

AG

G

A

T

TC

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

TC

CTA

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Strand 1

TA

AC

C

G

T

AG

G

A

T

TC

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

TC

CTA

UG

C

C

C

T

U

A

G

A

AG

C

C

G

T

U

A

G

U

AGUA

GAU

RNA Polymerase

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Strand 1

TA

AC

C

G

T

AG

G

A

T

TC

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

TC

CTA

UG

C

C

C

U

U

A

G

A

AG

C

C

G

U

U

A

G

U

AGUA

GAU

TAAU

mRNA strand

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Strand 1

TA

AC

C

G

T

AG

G

A

T

TC

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

TC

CTA

UG

C

C

C

U

U

A

G

A

AG

C

C

G

U

U

A

G

U

AGUA

GAU

TAAU

nuclear porem

RNA strand

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Strand 1

TA

AC

C

G

T

AG

G

A

T

TC

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

TC

CTA

T

UG

C

C

C

U

U

A

G

A

AG

C

C

G

U

U

A

G

U

AGUA

GAU

AAU

Cellular pore

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Strand 1

TA

AC

C

G

T

AG

G

A

T

TC

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

TC

CTA

T

G

C

C

C

U

U

A

G

AG

C

C

G

U

U

A

G

U

GAU

AA

U

Cellular pore

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Nucleus

Strand 1

TA

AC

C

G

T

AG

G

A

T

TC

C

C

T

A

G

G

A

T

AT

A

TC

CTA

T

Cellular poreWent to

Translation

YTRANSLATION Z

UG

C

C

CUU

A

G

AAG

CC

G

U

UA

G

U

AGUA

GAU

AAU

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Ribosome

UG

C

C

CUU

A

G

AAG

CC

G

U

UA

G

U

AGUA

GAU

AAU

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Ribosome

UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Stop codo

n

Start codo

n

TRNA

tRNA comes in

to see what

amino acids to

fetch for the

anti codon

match.

UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Stop codo

n

Start codo

n

TRNA gets info for what amino acids are needed.

UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U

UAC

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Stop codo

n

Start codo

n

The tRNA starts with the “Start Codon” and the others follow.

UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U

UAC

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Stop codo

n

Start codo

nA A G UUG A U C C G A U C C A UU

The tRNA continue to bring amino

acids to match codon to anti

codon

UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U

UAC

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Stop codo

n

Start codo

n

A A G UUG A U C C G A U C C A UUUU A CC A AUU

They continue

to bring them

until a “stop”

codon (UAA)

tells them to

STOP

UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U

UAC

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

A A G UUG A U C C G A U C C A UUUU A CC A AUU

The amino acids will now merge to make the protein.

UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U

UAC

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

A A G UUG A U C C G A U C C A UUUU A CC A AUU

UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U

UAC

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

A A G UUG A U C C G A U C C A UUUU A CC A AUU

UGC CCU U AG AA GCC GU U AG U A G U AGAUA A U

UAC

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

A A G UUG A U C C G A U C C A UUUU A CC A AUU

Uracil, Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine

Thus a new protein is

born