transcription and translatio n
Post on 22-Jan-2016
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Transcription and Translation
Remember:• DNA
•
• RNA
•
• Protein
Practice:
• What is the complimentary strand of DNA?
• A C G A C T G C C
Remember A with T C with
G
Practice: What is the mRNA strand for this sequence of DNA?
• DNA: A C G C T T A• mRNA:
• The ultimate goal is to create proteins that the body can use!
Transcription: (In the nucleus)• Uses Messenger RNA (mRNA)– RNA is always single stranded!
• mRNA copies one side of DNA
• mRNA carries this “message” to ribosomes where proteins are made
mRNA
• Thymine is replaced with Uracil (U)
• Example:– DNA strand: A T C G G T A T– mRNA strand: U A G C C A U A
DNA RNA
• Deoxyribonucleic Acid
• Double Stranded
• ACG T
• Ribonucleic Acid
• Single Stranded
• ACG U
Translation
• Process where RNA is used to make proteins
• Uses:– mRNA– transfer RNA (tRNA)– ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
Transfer RNA
• After the messenger RNA leaves the nucleus, it finds a ribosome
• tRNA will then bring the correct amino acid to the ribosome to create a chain of proteins
• Example:mRNA: A C G U U A
tRNA: U G C A A U
• DNA strand: A T C G G A• mRNA strand: U A G C G U• tRNA strand: A U C G C A
• Amino Acids are the building blocks of proteins
• 3 Nucleotides makes one amino acid
• Using mRNA:
– ACC, UCG, UUU, AUC
• A codon is a specific amino acid
• There are only so many combinations you can make with the four letters (AUCG)
Codons
• The start codon signals for the amino acid “Methionine”– This tells the sequence where to start
• There are three codons that signal an end to a sequence– These do not code for anything, just to stop
• Use the mRNA sequence to figure out the codons!
• Example:– DNA strand: A T G C G A– mRNA strand: U A C G C U– Codons:
Tyrosine Alanine
Practice:
• DNA Strand: A C G A T C T• mRNA strand:• tRNA strand:• Codon:
• Strings of Amino acids make up Proteins!!!!
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