topic : immunity aim : how does the immune system protect the body against disease?

Topic: ImmunityAim: How does the immune system protect

the body against disease?

Do Now: 1. Hand in Muscle Fatigue Lab2. Complete questions on the bottom of the

first page of your locomotion notes.

HW: Read pgs. 657-671. Recall notes for the following diseases: AIDS, allergies, cancer. Describe what type of disease, causes and treatment. (Due Wednesday)

Schistosoma mansoni (fluke) is a major parasitic pathogen that causes schistosomiasis.

You can become infected when your skin comes in contact with contaminated freshwater.

Schistosomiasis account for greater than a quarter of a million deaths per annum. Worms not found in the U.S.

Within days after becoming infected, they may develop a rash or itchy skin. Within 1-2 months of infection, symptoms may develop including fever, chills, cough, and muscle aches. Symptoms of chronic schistosomiasis include: abdominal pain, enlarged liver, blood in the stool or blood in the urine, problems passing urine, and increased risk of bladder cancer.

Pathogen•Disease-causing microorganism

•Ex: bacteria, viruses, parasites, or fungi

How does the body prevent pathogens from entering?

•Physical barriers:

•Skin, mucus, sweat, tears, saliva, cilia, digestive enzymes

Antigen•Substance that triggers

an immune response •Protein found on

surface of pathogens

Antibodies

•Protein that helps destroy pathogens

•Produced when an antigen enters the body

•Bind to specific antigens to help destroy pathogen

Infectious disease

• Caused by a pathogen • Can be transmitted• Ex: cold, flu, bronchitis,

chicken pox, AIDS

Noninfectious disease

•Not caused by a pathogen

•Cannot be transmitted

•Ex: allergies, cancer, genetic disorders

Let’s summarize…1. Explain what a pathogen in.2. Explain the difference between

an antigen and an antibody.3. Explain what occurs when a

foreign antigen enters the body.4. Explain the difference between

infectious and noninfectious disease.

1. Which phrase does not describe a way the human body responds to fight disease?

a. destruction of infectious agents by white blood cells

b. production of antibodies by white blood cells

c. increased production of white blood cells

d. production of pathogens by white blood cells

2. Which substances may form in the human body due to invaders entering the blood?

a. nutrients  b. vaccines  c. antibodies d. red blood cells

3. Which statement best describes an immune response?

a. It always produces antibiotics. b. It usually involves the recognition and

destruction of pathogens. c. It stimulates asexual reproduction and

resistance in pathogens. d. It releases red blood cells that destroy

parasites.

4. Which statement does not identify a characteristic of antibodies?

a. They are produced by the body in response to the presence of foreign substances.

b. They may be produced in response to an antigen.

c. They are nonspecific, acting against any foreign substance in the body.

d. They may be produced by white blood cells.

5. Part of the body’s first line of defense against disease-causing organisms is

a. the immune system b. the skinc. antibodies d. interferon

6. Molecules that are foreign to your body are called

a. antibodies b. white blood cellsc. antigens d. histamines

Which statement best describes an immune response?

a. It always produces antibiotics. b. It usually involves the recognition

and destruction of pathogens. c. It stimulates asexual reproduction

and resistance in pathogens. d. It releases red blood cells that

destroy parasites.

A(n) __ is a substance made by an organism in response to invading substances and disease-causing organisms.

a. allergenb. antibody c. antigen d. pathogen

The immune system of humans may respond to chemicals on the surface of an invading organism.

1. What are these chemicals on the surface called?

2. Explain what will happen once these chemicals enter the body.