immunity your body’s defense against infection!. immune system a group of organs and tissues that...
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Immunity
Your body’s defense against infection!
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Immune System A group of organs
and tissues that protect you from foreign invaders
Skin Thymus gland Bone marrow Spleen Lymph nodes White blood cells Antibodies
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Passive Immunity (innate immunity)
Structures that are there already (because of your
genes) that protect you from foreign invaders
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SKIN Physical barrier
against invasion Epidermis- layer of
dead skin cells constantly replaced by cells underneath
Oils and sweat acidify surface, contain enzymes that digest bacteria
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Stomach acid Hydrochloric acid
and enzymes destroy bacteria that you swallow
Hydrochloric acid of stomach has a pH of 1-2= kills most bacteria that you swallow
Stomach also has enzymes that destroy bacteria
H. Pylori bacteria burrow into the mucus layer to avoid the acid- can break thru stomach wall and cause ulcers
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Eyes Tear glands
produce tears that bathe surface of eye
Enzyme called lysozyme destroys bacteria
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Ears Wax traps
bacteria and viruses
Ear drum forms a complete barrier across the ear canal
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Nose Hairs trap foreign
particles Mucus layer also
traps things, then they are either sneezed out or swallowed
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Respiratory Tract Cells lining
respiratory tract have CILIA- tiny hair-like structures that beat in unison to push foreign particles back up to the back of your throat, where they are swallowed
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Respiratory epithelium: 1-cilia; 2-mucus cell
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Urinary/Reproductive Tracts
Vagina is slightly acidic, contains mucus
Urethra is also acidic
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Temperature Your body PURPOSELY elevates its
temperature when you have an infection.
Bacteria can only live at certain temperatures, so hopefully the elevated body temperature will kill them.
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So what happens if a foreign invader makes its way into your body???
Blood clotting- stops up wounds in blood vessels, also helps prevent infectious agents from getting in Platelets block
wound Fibrin protein
forms scabFibrin protein (green stuff)
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ACTIVE IMMUNITY Your body’s acquired immune
system Triggered by a specific attack by a
specific pathogen Also called immune response White blood cells- key players in
immune response
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White blood cells can: Engulf and destroy pathogen Produce antibodies that destroy
pathogens Produce antitoxins that neutralize
toxins made by pathogens
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White blood cell engulfing bacteria (what shape are these bacteria?)
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White blood cells Recognize marker
proteins on the surface of cells as our own (self) or foreign (nonself)
These foreign markers are called ANTIGENS
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Lymphocytes: T cells and B cells Produce
antibodies against specific pathogens