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Post on 14-Jun-2015
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Cells and Systems
How do individual cells function together in a multicellular
organism?
Key Concept As multicellular organisms develop,
their cells differentiate (change & separate) to form different levels of organization
Key Concept
Why it Matters: so organisms like humans (we are multicellular) can have different kinds of cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems
Unicellular Organisms “uni-” = one Prokaryotes are unicellular organisms Some algae, some protists, and some
eukaryotes (yeasts), are unicellular Can individually do everything they
need to stay alive
Benefits over multicellular organisms: Need fewer resources Can live in harsher conditions
Multicellular Organisms “multi-” = more than one Plants, animals, some protists, and most
fungi are multicellular
Multicellular Organisms Start as a single cell many cells cells
differentiate (change) into different types of cells cells group together to form tissues
Multicellular Benefits Larger size = have less predators and
have more options of things to eat
Multicellular Benefits Longer life – organism will continue to live
even if a single cell dies
Multicellular Benefits Specialization – each type of cell has a
specific job, making the organism more efficient
Levels of Organization
1st Level: Cells
Levels of Organization
1st Level: Cells 2nd Level: Tissues
examplemuscle tissue
Levels of Organization
1st Level: Cells 2nd Level: Tissues 3rd Level: Organs
Levels of Organization
1st Level: Cells 2nd Level: Tissues 3rd Level: Organs 4th Level: Organ Systems
Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems
Level 1 : Cells Cells can be specialized
(have a certain function) Function = job Function is related to the
cell structure Structure = how parts of
the cell are put together Shape Material it’s made from
Structure of a brain cell is different from muscle cell
Level 2: Tissues
Tissue = group of cells that work together to do a specific job
Ex: Heart muscle tissue is made of heart muscle cells
Animals have 4 types of tissue: nerve, muscle, connective, protective
Plants have 3 types of tissue : transport, protective, ground
Level 3: Organs Organ = structure that is made up of 2 or
more tissues working together to get a specific job done
Level 3: Organs
Ex: Stomach – muscle tissue moves food, special tissues make chemicals to digest food, connective tissue holds stomach together, nervous tissue sends messages back and forth between the stomach and brain
Level 4: Organ Systems Organ system = group of organs working
together to perform a specific function Each organ system has a specific job Ex: Digestive system is made of several
organs including the stomach and intestines
Cells-basic unit of an animal’s structure
-become specialized_______________________________
Tissues-made of cells that work together to perform a specific function
__________________________________________Organs
-made of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function
____________________________________________________Organ Systems
-made of organs that work together to perform a specific function_____________________________________________________________
Organisms
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