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TINY HOUSE
Elena Ioana Moldovan and
Ivana Krajcovicova
Trainees
15th December 2017
Sustainable Living Solutions: The Tiny House
Title: Sustainable Living Solutions: The Tiny House
Author: Elena Ioana Moldovan and Ivana Krajcovicova
Nationality: Romanian and Slovak
Period at Folkecenter: July 2017 – December 2017
Abstract of the work:
Number of pages (excluding appendixes): X
Topic: Tiny houses
Keywords: Tiny house, minimal living, saving energy, renewable energy
Idea of Tiny houses has been developed in 2005, when hurricane Katrina came. The government
declared approximately 90 000 square miles of land, from which most was considered as
residential areas, as a disaster area. Thousands of citizens lost their homes and belongings because
of the winds and floods.
However, the first idea was demonstrated in the book, The Not So Big House: A blueprint for the
Way We Really Live, in 1998 written by Sarah Susanka. Book describes a new way of thinking about
what makes a place a home and posited that a home ought to be designed and built to perfectly
suit the way you like to live.
As there are no set requirements for a building to be classified as a tiny house all the residential
structures under 46 m2 can be considered as tiny houses. Students from VIA University College in
Horsens were given an opportunity to take part in this movement.
1
Table of Content
List of Figures ................................................................................................................................................ 3
1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................. 4
1.1 Project description (Elena) ............................................................................................................... 4
1.1.1 Intro and background ............................................................................................................... 4
1.1.2 Purpose ..................................................................................................................................... 4
1.1.3 Problem formulation ................................................................................................................ 4
1.1.4 Delimitations ............................................................................................................................ 4
1.1.5 Methods and models ................................................................................................................ 6
1.2 Location (Ivana) ................................................................................................................................ 6
1.3 Building (Ivana)................................................................................................................................. 7
1.4 Impact on environment (Elena) ....................................................................................................... 7
2 Outline proposal ...................................................................................................................................... 8
2.1 Drawings (Elena) .............................................................................................................................. 8
2.2 Materials (Ivana) .............................................................................................................................. 8
2.2.1 Foundation ............................................................................................................................... 8
2.2.2 Walls ......................................................................................................................................... 8
2.2.3 Floor .......................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.4 Roof .......................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.5 Windows ................................................................................................................................... 9
2.2.6 Wood stove .............................................................................................................................. 9
2.2.7 Cost ......................................................................................................................................... 10
3 Scheme design ....................................................................................................................................... 11
3.1 Geo report (Ivana) .......................................................................................................................... 11
3.2 Structural plans .............................................................................................................................. 12
3.2.1 Load transfer .......................................................................................................................... 12
3.2.2 Vertical Load Bearing Walls .................................................................................................... 12
3.2.3 Transverse Load Bearing Walls ............................................................................................... 13
3.2.4 Longitudinal Load Bearing Walls ............................................................................................ 13
2
3.3 Loads (Elena) .................................................................................................................................. 14
3.3.1 Self-weight .............................................................................................................................. 14
3.3.2 Wind Load ............................................................................................................................... 14
3.3.3 Snow Load .............................................................................................................................. 15
3.3.4 Seismic loads .......................................................................................................................... 15
4 Detail ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
4.1 Drawings ......................................................................................................................................... 16
4.1.1 Elevations ............................................................................................................................... 16
4.1.2 Roof details and sections ........................................................................................................ 18
4.1.3 Floor details and sections ....................................................................................................... 19
4.1.4 Time schedule ......................................................................................................................... 21
4.2 Overturning and sliding (Elena) ...................................................................................................... 21
4.3 Roof (different possibilities by Ivana) ............................................................................................ 22
4.3.1 1st design ................................................................................................................................. 22
4.3.2 2nd design .............................................................................................................................. 22
4.4 Cost (Ivana) .................................................................................................................................... 23
5 BE15 ....................................................................................................................................................... 26
5.1.1 Initial energy frame tiny house .............................................................................................. 26
5.1.2 Tiny house with wood stove and big shading (same window area, different U value) ......... 27
5.1.3 Tiny house with wood stove and big shading (same U value, different window area) ......... 28
5.1.4 Tiny house with heat pump .................................................................................................... 29
6 Further research and discussion ............................................................................................................ 30
6.1 Different interior designs ............................................................................................................... 30
6.2 Different materials ......................................................................................................................... 30
6.3 Different areas implementations ................................................................................................... 30
6.4 Research for earthquakes and natural disasters ........................................................................... 30
7 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................................. 31
8 Reference page ...................................................................................................................................... 32
8.1 Webpages ....................................................................................................................................... 32
8.1.1 Geo analysis: ........................................................................................................................... 32
8.1.2 Materials ................................................................................................................................. 32
8.2 Books .............................................................................................................................................. 32
3
List of Figures
Figure 1 - Map of Denmark ........................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 2 - Map of Folkecenter ....................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 3 - Floor plan ...................................................................................................................................... 7
Figure 4 - 3D model of the Tiny house .......................................................................................................... 8
Figure 5 - Indoor floor plan ........................................................................................................................... 8
Figure 6 - Wood burning stove from Jotul .................................................................................................... 9
Figure 7 - Prelimiary cost ............................................................................................................................ 10
Figure 8 - Geological map of Denmark ....................................................................................................... 11
Figure 9 - Vertical Load Bearing Walls ........................................................................................................ 12
Figure 10 - Transverse Load Bearing Walls ................................................................................................. 13
Figure 11 - Longitudinal Load Bearing Walls ............................................................................................... 13
Figure 12 - Total Self weight ....................................................................................................................... 14
Figure 13 - Elevation SW ............................................................................................................................. 16
Figure 14 - Elevation NW ............................................................................................................................ 16
Figure 15 - Elevation NE .............................................................................................................................. 17
Figure 16 - Elevation SE ............................................................................................................................... 17
Figure 17 - Roof detail from long side ......................................................................................................... 18
Figure 18 - Roof cross section from long side ............................................................................................. 18
Figure 19 - Roof detail from gable .............................................................................................................. 19
Figure 20 - Floor detail from gable.............................................................................................................. 19
Figure 21 - Floor gable cross section ........................................................................................................... 20
Figure 22 - Floor detail from long side ........................................................................................................ 20
Figure 23 - Floor cross section from long side ............................................................................................ 21
Figure 24 - 1st design of the roof ................................................................................................................ 22
Figure 25 - 2nd design of the roof............................................................................................................... 22
Figure 26 - Final calculation for the cost ..................................................................................................... 23
Figure 27 - Calculation of the floor construction ........................................................................................ 24
Figure 28 - Calculation of slope roofing construction ................................................................................. 24
Figure 29 - Calculation of the roof construction with trusses .................................................................... 25
Figure 30 - Initial energy frame of Tiny house ............................................................................................ 26
Figure 31 - Energy frame calculations, 1st option ...................................................................................... 27
Figure 32 - Energy frame calculation, 2nd option ....................................................................................... 28
Figure 33 - Energy frame clculations, 3rd option ........................................................................................ 29
4
1 Introduction
1.1 Project description (Elena)
1.1.1 Intro and background
During the 5th semester Civil Engineering students from VIA University, Horsens, had to complete an
internship at a company of their choice. Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable Energies, in Hurup Thy,
Denmark, offered the two students from VIA University College, Elena Moldovan and Ivana Krajcovicova,
the opportunity to work with a project regarding Tiny Houses. The projected consisted in the
implementation of a prototype house in the Folkecenter area. The house will act as a “test” product,
where one of the Folkecenter’s employees will live and give feedback on the overall experience of living
in the Tiny House.
The project was presented first to two other trainees from Spain, that began the research of the house.
Their work represented a starting point for the two students from VIA University College (Annex
Preliminary Research).
1.1.2 Purpose
The purpose of the project is to encourage the minimal and eco-friendly lifestyle through the use and
understanding of Tiny Houses as one of the ways to reduce waste and promote the use of recycled
materials, while providing a suitable indoor environment.
The trainees were involved from the beginning of the project, getting a better grasp at all the aspects of
the project, being able to be part of the decision process from the beginning. This way, the students
understood the entire process of a real-life project: discussion with the client and architect, planning of
the project and deadlines, price calculation, deciding and ordering of materials, calculations of stability
and drawings of the key construction points. Students also got the chance to experience delays in the
project due to lack of client or architect’s availability, difficulty in getting in touch with the companies
providing materials for the house etc.
1.1.3 Problem formulation
• How can the Tiny House fulfill the energy regulations for 2020?
• How can the Tiny House be structurally stable?
• What materials can or should be used for the tiny house?
• How will the geographical area where the tiny house is placed influence the energy frame and
stability of the house?
• What kind of facilities does the tiny house provide
• What is the projected cost of the project?
1.1.4 Delimitations
Delimitations were decided in the beginning of the project. However, changes in the schedule influenced
the overall delimitation section, leading to minor changes.
5
1.1.4.1 Situation Description
· What is a Tiny House?
◦ Where is the idea coming from and where is it applied at the moment?
◦ Which are the typical dimension of a Tiny house?
◦ What are the requirements for a building to be classified as “Tiny House”?
◦ How many people can, on average, live in a Tiny House?
· Are there any other concepts which are similar to the Tiny House one?
1.1.4.2 Construction
· Which materials can be used during the construction? Which are the most common?
◦ Which materials are used for the foundations?
◦ Which materials are used for the walls?
◦ Which materials are used for the roof?
◦ Can recycled materials be used? If so, which and in which part of the building?
◦ Can the materials be recycled (what to do when the house is removed)?
· Can a Tiny House be made mobile, so that the owner can change its location?
◦ What are the pros and cons of such solution?
· What is the complexity related to the construction of a Tiny House?
◦ How long does it take, on average, to construct the entire building?
◦ Does it need any special knowledge (experts in different fields)?
1.1.4.3 Stability
· Is the Tiny House stable? How is the stability insured?
◦ How are the foundations installed?
▪ How much wind can it withstand?
◦ How is the stability in case of an earthquake?
1.1.4.4 Facilities
· What is the typical layout of the house?
· Does the Tiny House include all the facilities of typical houses? If not, what are the available solutions?
1.1.4.5 Energy
· What kind of insulation was used? And why?
· What it the average energy consumption of the house per year?
◦ What are the solutions that can be used for reducing the energy consumption of the building?
1.1.4.6 Costs
· How much is the cost per m2 for such type of house?
6
· Considering a lower energy consumption and lower running costs, how much is the expected payback period?
1.1.4.7 Conclusion
· Based on the results of the research, what are the main aspects to consider when constructing a Tiny House?
Natalia and Mikel, worked on the project before (Annex Preliminary Research).
1.1.5 Methods and models
A series of methods and models were used for the project. The good delivery o the project must be
assured through proper research. Online articles, Library books from the company, Online presentations
from university, as well as discussions with the main responsible engineer for the project were used.
Regarding IT tools, Revit, AutoCad Autodesk, BE15, Word, Excel Microsoft Project, PowerPoint were used
for the completion of the project.
1.2 Location (Ivana)
Building will be placed in North West Denmark in The
Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy (Figure 1). Red
dot on the Figure 2 represents exact location of the
building in the area of the Folkecenter. As this part of
Denmark is known for strong wind it will be necessary to
ensure that building is protected from the wind and walls
are stable.
From the picture on the right (Figure 2) is visible that it will
be placed not that far from water. Behind the house there
is a small tree area and all around Folkecenter there are
mostly plane areas used for farming. Front part of the
house with big windows will be oriented to South West.
Figure 1 - Map of Denmark
Figure 2 - Map of Folkecenter
7
1.3 Building (Ivana)
Structural form of the building is rectangular with external staircase connecting ground with suspended
floor. Floor plan of the building can be found in Figure 3. Total area is 27,09m2 and internal area is only
19,95m2. Building consists of 1 floor with possible HEMS used as a sleeping area.
Figure 3 - Floor plan
Building is designed with roof made of timber truss and light construction. For the wall will be used
prefabricated straw elements. Floor construction will be lying on 6 concrete foundations filled in old wind
blades. For better indoor environment the decision to use clay to cover walls and ceiling.
The house will not be equipped with water facilities. As the house should be renewable electricity will be
provided by wind and solar energy and house will not be connected to grid.
In the future there is possibility of adding external terrace on South West side.
1.4 Impact on environment (Elena)
In the hope of reducing the carbon footprint on Earth, the Tiny House will be built mainly from wood and
straw bale panels, as well as recycled materials. The construction will be analyzed economically and
energetically in order to assure a very low consumption of energy. The Tiny House will also use renewable
energies such as solar cells and wind mill for its consumption.
8
2 Outline proposal
2.1 Drawings (Elena)
The first drawings made by trainees were carried out in Revit. A floor plan as well as a simple furniture
plan was drawn (See Figure 5). The actual dimensions and type of windows was used in order to give a
better idea to the designers and client of the actual look of the house (See Figure 4). The Revit model was
drawn after the elevations and floor plans presented to the trainees by Jane Kruse.
2.2 Materials (Ivana)
2.2.1 Foundation
For the foundation it was decided to use old wind blades. As the project should be renewable as much as
possible this decision was taken. Old blade that is not used anymore will be cut in 8 pieces, each 1m long
pieces and filled with concrete. Construction will be connected with M16 bolt that will be between floor
construction and foundation.
2.2.2 Walls
From the begging prefabricated straw wall panels were considered as a construction material. For the
internal surface clay surface should be used and for the external timber cladding is taken into account
depending on the price.
Figure 4 - 3D model of the Tiny house
Figure 5 - Indoor floor plan
9
2.2.3 Floor
As we are dealing with the suspended floor the thickness of the floor insulation is very important. With
the support of local companies, wood fiber insulation will be used for the construction and method of
blowing it in is considered as easier solution.
Floor construction will consist of beams laying in both direction with insulation in between regarding
support whole construction. Beams will be placed on the foundation. For the finish timber floor might be
used.
2.2.4 Roof
For the roof there are 2 possibilities. One of them is to use prefabricated roof elements from the same
company as wall elements or use the same construction as for the roof with slight differences. For the
finish asphalt layer should be used and for the internal clay layer is taken into consideration.
2.2.5 Windows
One of the tasks in this project related to windows was to look for the second-hand windows from local
shops. With the dimensions from the drawings from the engineer searching for something with the similar
dimensions was done. Priority was to find 3-layer glazed windows with a good U -value. During the visit in
Genbrug located 60km away there were found windows that were recently taken out of the house in very
good quality and also with the dimensions that are suitable but only double glazed.
2.2.6 Wood stove
In this part of the project selection of the right heating supply was done. As it is really small area product
has to be able heat up small space. Requirement was to find wood stove. The smallest found one is
produced in Jotul (Figure 6). It has quite big efficiency of 83% and the minimal output is 2,4kW that is a
big higher than necessary.
Figure 6 - Wood burning stove from
Jotul
10
2.2.7 Cost
Preliminary cost for the construction also took part in this part of the project.
In the price list is included price for the foundation that contains price for the delivery of the concrete. For
the floor construction there were taken into account prices for 2 different beams, insulation and timber
finish. Final price will be increased after the detail drawings will be done and all the construction materials
will be known. For the walls price of the prefabricated elements is represented together with the
possibility of having timber cladding as outer finish. Second hand windows that were already purchased
cost 6850 DKK. For the roof price for 1m2 was estimated to be approximately 1000 DKK.
Total price including VAT will be approximately 171 000 DKK. In addition to the price can be added price
of the wood stove mentioned above that cost approximately 14 000 DKK. Table with the overall cost can
be found in Figure 7. (See Annex Preliminary cost)
Figure 7 - Prelimiary cost
11
3 Scheme design
3.1 Geo report (Ivana)
From the geological surface map of Denmark (Figure 8) was found out that there is meltwater sand and
gravel in this area. This kind of soil is also named glaciofluvial sediments – is always sorted in contrast to
moraine deposits. Poor sorting may occur especially in coarse beds. There are typically many different
minerals and rock particles present in the same sample. If the components include shells and pieces of
limestone, these are always worn and redeposited. The grains are typically angular or sub-angular (poor
rounding), except for quartz grains, which can be quite rounded.
Figure 8 - Geological map of Denmark
Consequence class 2 was chosen and it represents medium consequence for loss of human life, economy,
social or environmental consequences considerable. This class deals with residential and office buildings,
public buildings where consequence of failure are medium.
For the specific weight and angle of shear resistance Table 10.2 and Table 10.3 were used from Teknisk
Stabi 23rd edition.
Calculations can be followed in Annex Geo Calculations. The dimensions of the foundation were estimated
with width and length of 1m. Horizontal loads were not taken into account as they are too small.
From the calculations is clear that the bearing resistance of the foundation is sufficient.
12
3.2 Structural plans
The walls have been guaranteed to support the load of roof and external loads by the producer, Lars
Keller, from Ecococon.
3.2.1 Load transfer
The load transfer on the Tiny House in the three directions acts as following: Vertical: Vertical loads are taken first by the roof, then transferred to the walls in the load bearing lines, and down to the foundation. Horizontal wind on the gable: The gable acts as a slab, transferring the load to the walls, which take it
further to the foundation. On the long façade: the horizontal wind force is first taken by the roof truss and
façade, which take it further to the walls and down to the foundation.
3.2.2 Vertical Load Bearing Walls
Figure 9 - Vertical Load Bearing Walls
Figure 9 shows the load bearing walls that carry the vertical load above from self-weight, imposed and snow load. The marks in blue represent the beams that are needed to be designed above the openings in the load bearing line. The marks in orange represent the columns in the structure.
13
3.2.3 Transverse Load Bearing Walls
Figure 10 - Transverse Load Bearing Walls
Figure 10 shows the shear walls drawn in red when the wind is blowing on the facade of the house. The
rest of the stability structures were purposely not highlighted order to keep the focus on the ones that
take the force from the facade solely.
3.2.4 Longitudinal Load Bearing Walls
Figure 11 - Longitudinal Load Bearing Walls
Figure 11 shows the shear walls drawn in red when the wind is blowing on the gable for the 1st floor. The
rest of the stability structures were purposely not highlighted order to keep the focus on the ones that
take the force from the gable solely.
14
3.3 Loads (Elena)
3.3.1 Self-weight
The self-weight of the house was calculated according to DS/EN 1991-1-1 DK NA:2013 and external links
for the density of different materials (See Annex Self-weight). The total self-weight of the building is equal
to 4.45kN/m2 (see Figure 12). The final self weight calculated by the students is very close to the final self
weight calculated by engineer Viggo, which is 4.41 kN/m2. The difference is very likely to be caused by
the approximations.
The self-weight was calculated at the beginning of the project, when the structure of the roof was made
up of roof battens and sloping layer. Later, in the project the roof structure was changed to roof trusses.
The self-weight was estimated to be the same, since the trusses used are made from wood. There might
be small errors due to the slight difference in wood quantity in the roof after adding the truss. However,
the differences should not be significant.
The self-weight calculation is just a close estimation of the exact self weight of the house, which will be
fully available once the final decision about the materials of the house will be made.
3.3.2 Wind Load
The wind load was calculated according to DS/EN 1991-1-1 DK NA:2013. Most of “vb”, characteristic wind
in Denmark is 24m/s, however in the NW region of Denmark, “vb” reaches up to 27m/s. The final wind
loads on the house were as following for gable and long façade, respectively:
Gable: Long façade:
The wind loads were chosen based on the highest value acting on the walls and roof as pressure and
suction, after adding the internal pressure/suction coefficient. The complete calculation of the wind load
can be found in Annex Wind loads façade, gable.
The roof has a slope of 2.5 degree. However, since the smallest slope available in DS/EN 1991-1-1 DK
NA:2013 is 5 degrees, the calculations were effectuated with a pitch of 5 degrees.
Figure 12 - Total Self weight
Table 1 - Wind acting on the gable Table 2 - Wind acting on the facade
15
3.3.3 Snow Load
In Denmark, according to DS/EN 1991-1-1 DK NA:2013, the snow load acting on the house is 0.8kN/m2.
Since in the area where the Tiny House will be placed the snow load is much smaller compared to the
wind snow, the calculations for the structural elements and overall stability of the house was done
according to the wind force acting on the house. However, different geographic areas require different
analysis, therefore depending on the location of the project, different loads will be more significant than
others. In Hurup Thy, the force of the wind is the strongest natural force acting on the house.
3.3.4 Seismic loads
The seismic loads were calculated according to DS/EN 1991-1-1 DK NA:2013, and VIA University College
online materials. The coefficients and formulas used in the calculations were taken from Tekinsk Staabi
and DS/EN 1991-1-1 DK NA:2013 (See Annex Seismic Loads). Since the mass loads in Hurup Thy are
significantly smaller than wind loads, seismic issues do not represent a problem in the construction of the
house. However, a comparison between the wind loads and seismic loads was done, in order to assure
the use of the wind force as the main acting force in the calculation of overturning and sliding of the walls.
16
4 Detail
4.1 Drawings
4.1.1 Elevations
Elevations were drawn in Revit for a better understanding of the building. The following elevations were
drawn with the shown orientation. Foundation columns were drawn as rectangular columns for the
simplification of the drawings. The shapes will vary due to the use of wind blades as columns.
4.1.1.1 SW
On the SW side, the two big windows were positioned as shown in Figure 13. However, on the NW side
there are no windows (Figure 14).
4.1.1.2 NW
Figure 13 - Elevation SW
Figure 14 - Elevation NW
17
4.1.1.3 NE
The main entrance is placed on the NE side. There is a door and a tall window, for better lighting. Since
the house is lifted 40 cm from the ground, there are stairs on this side as well.
4.1.1.4 SE
On the SE side, there is placed a window on top that can open. Natural ventilation will be produced from
the draft created by the two manual openings on the SE and NE sides.
Figure 15 - Elevation NE
Figure 16 - Elevation SE
18
4.1.2 Roof details and sections
4.1.2.1 Roof with wall longitudinal detail
Figure 17 - Roof detail from long side
Figure 17 above represents final design of roof and wall connection from the longitudinal view. Roof will
consist of timber trusses with spacing of 813mm and in between them there is wood fiber insulation. On
top will be 18 mm plywood board with asphalt layer. Ceiling will be covered with clay that will be
connected with steel net to the top for the better indoor environment. Moisture barrier on warmer side
will be used to protect house. As outer finish timber cladding will be used.
4.1.2.2 Roof with wall longitudinal cross section
Figure 18 - Roof cross section from long side
Figure 18 represents longitudinal cross section of the roof. There are 9 trusses on top of the building with
2 additional for possible terrace cover. In the middle of the section column is placed. It will make structure
stable and support roof construction and connect big terrace windows together.
19
4.1.2.3 Roof with wall gable detail and cross section
Figure 19 below and drawing for longitudinal section that can be found in section 4.3.2 – 2nd design for
the roof represents roof view from the gable. For further information read section 4.3.2.
Figure 19 - Roof detail from gable
4.1.3 Floor details and sections
4.1.3.1 Floor gable detail
The design of the floor was done with the help of engineer Viggo Øhlenschlæger. The final design is
presented in Figures 20, 21. The materials and cost of the floor structure can be found in Annex Cost for
Figure 20 - Floor detail from gable
20
roof and floor. There are two main beams of 90x400mm resting on foundation in the gable section. 14
beams of 45x245mm C24 with 450mm distance center to center, are connected to the main beams
through BSN 48/166 beam carriers (Figure 20). The first batten has 490mm until the center of the main
beam due to spacing calculations. Underneath and between the 45x235mm wood battens there is wood
fiber blown in insulation. The plywood on the bottom of the floor construction is held by floor battens of
45x95mm which are connected to the beams by steel beam holders of 2mm. As finish for floor Xfinner
roof quality of 18mm was chosen. M16 Bolt was chosen for wall anchorage.
4.1.3.2 Floor gable cross section
The cross section of the floor in the gable section
was drawn. There are seven 45x95mm wood battens
per attached to each 45x245mm beam (Figure 21). A
1mm layer of Rostfri is placed underneath the floor
to protect the structure from animal damage. Due to
the placement of the column in between the
windows, the movement of the walls was needed by
45mm on each side.
4.1.3.3 Floor longitudinal detail
Figure 22 - Floor detail from long side
The longitudinal detail of the floor in connection with wall and foundation is shown in Figure 22. In the
detail it is shown how the floor is connected to the foundation on the longitudinal side.
Figure 21 - Floor gable cross section
21
4.1.3.4 Floor longitudinal cross section
Figure 23 - Floor cross section from long side
In Figure 23 it is shown the cross section of the floor structure. Due to lack of beams of beams of 6.3m
long, the 45x95mm wood battens were split in 3 equal parts of 2.1m (Figure 23).
4.1.4 Time schedule
A time schedule was created in the beginning of the project in order to keep track of personal and group
performance (See Annex Tiny House Time schedule). Tiny House project was a real-life project that
depended on more parties than what the students experienced in the past during semester project
periods at VIA University College. Certain actions required more time than planned, therefore the time
schedule wasn’t completely accurate until the end of the project. Having to order and buy materials,
keeping a proper communication with the client and supervisor engineer took more time than expected.
Blocks in the project due to scheduling problems with all the parties also added to the time used for the
project.
The scheduled date for construction of the Tiny House is in March/April, and will be part of a constructing
workshop at Folkecenter for Renewable Energies.
4.2 Overturning and sliding (Elena)
Overturning and sliding were calculated by the student, as well as by Viggo (Annex Engineers calculations),
the main engineer. The calculations effectuated by the students were according to class materials from
VIA’s studynet portal. The calculations and results differ, due to different choices of the splitting of the
stability walls and simplifications of calculations. While the engineer chose a more detailed way of
calculating the self- weight, the students approximated the self-weight used in calculations (Annex Sef-
weight). This leads to a difference in results, and it would be recommended that the calculations for the
walls effectuated by students will be redone and/or checked by a more experienced party. However, both
calculations show that the walls need to be anchored to the foundation, due to overturning and sliding
exerted by the force of wind (See Annex Overturning and Sliding).
Viggo suggested a column of 45x195mm between the two windows on the SW side, in order to take down
some of the loads to the foundation. The wall on the SW side was split into two smaller walls, each ending
at the column between windows, which were further calculated for overturning and sliding.
22
4.3 Roof (different possibilities by Ivana)
Due to the cost of the prefabricated roof panels from Ecococon it was decided to construct roof in
Folkecenter’s workshop. The two different designs are as follow: one of them is with the roof sloping
construction and second one is with the truss.
4.3.1 1st design
Figure 24 - 1st design of the roof
In this design C18 is used for the beam with dimension of 45x245 mm as a roof caring construction beam.
Due to rain water and snow regulations, sloping for the roof is necessary. In order to achieve the desired
sloping, small battens with different dimensions were used. Underneath there is 400mm of wood fiber
blown-in insulation. Because of this there will be taken more than 150mm from the inner height of the
building which will create discomfort for the indoor environment. Therefore the second proposal was
created.
4.3.2 2nd design
Figure 25 - 2nd design of the roof
23
Second design can be seen in the figure above. A truss was implemented as a load bearing element.
Trusses will be prefabricated and ordered from the Roust. Height of each of them will be 500 mm above
the walls and due to the sloping height in the middle part will be 560 mm. Spacing in between them will
be 813 mm. There will be 400 mm of wood fiber insulation in between them and above the insulation will
be air gap. On top of the truss will be placed 18 mm plywood board with 6 mm of asphalt layer. Trusses
will be laying on the timber beams – 45x95 mm to transfer load from roof to the walls.
Due to the indoor environment clay will be used as finish for the walls and ceiling. On the walls it will be
placed directly on the straw but for the ceiling will be used steel net supported with timber battens to
hold 30 mm clay layer.
4.4 Cost (Ivana)
In the figure below can be found final calculation for the cost. Price was reduced from 171 000 dkk that
was estimated in outline proposal to 150 000 DKK. In the price is included foundation, floor construction,
prefabricated wall panels with timber outer finish, windows and roof constructions.
Figure 26 - Final calculation for the cost
For the floor construction detailed calculation was made. 2 different kinds of beams are not included in
the cost. Price of the wood fiber insulation can be changed due to the fact that it will be supplied from
the local company. To cover the bottom part of the suspended floor steel plate with thickness of 1 mm
will be used and until now it represents the most expensive part of the construction. Plate will be used
as a protection shield from weather conditions and animals. Total price is estimated to be approximately
13 100 DKK and is reduced by half excluding the price of the timber beams compared to the price from
outline proposal.
24
Figure 27 - Calculation of the floor construction
Figure 28 - Calculation of slope roofing construction
In the figure above price for the roof sloping construction is calculated. Prices for the load bearing
timber beams are not included as they will be purchased from local companies and price is unknown.
They represent the most expensive part of the constructions and increase of the price should be
expected.
For the cost calculations see Annex Cost for roof and floor.
25
Figure 29 - Calculation of the roof construction with trusses
Final solution for the roof was chosen with trusses. It will be cheaper and easier solution to construct.
Trusses will be produced in Roust Træ A/S and total price is lower that in the solution with the sloping
construction. In the price indoor finish is not included but clay layer with steel net will be used. Also
price for the transportation is included in the price.
26
5 BE15 Tiny House was analyzed energetically with the help of BE15. The main data was introduced, and certain
conclusions followed.
5.1.1 Initial energy frame tiny house
Figure 30 - Initial energy frame of Tiny house
Figure above represents initial energy frame of the building. Actual one does not fulfill requirements for
any of those classes.
For the building type detached house was chosen as the house is considered as detached single-family
house. For the heating type solar cells were chosen. For the walls U-value from manufacturer of 0.113
W/m2K, for the roof 0.11 W/m2K and 0.117 W/m2K for the floor was used.
Input for the windows mostly affected the calculations of the whole energy frame. Double glazed
windows with total area of 14.83 m2 and U-value of 1.5 W/m2K cause main issue with the energy frame.
Big window area of 7.71 m2 oriented to the South West will overheat the building during sunny days and
additional ventilation will be necessary. Another issue is also window facing South East with area of
4.42m2 as there is no shading for any of the windows.
In the initial calculations of energy frame there is considered natural ventilation that will be created by
the draft from the opening of the windows that are across from each other. For the internal heat supply
there is only heat contribution from persons of 1.5W per m2 heated floorage and 3.5 W per m2 of heat
27
contribution from apparatus in the occupied time. Electricity will be supplied by solar cells with area of
15 m2, peak power of 0.235 kW/m2 , system efficiency 14%, orientation to South and slope of 44°.
5.1.2 Tiny house with wood stove and big shading (same window area, different U value)
Figure 31 - Energy frame calculations, 1st option
As the initial energy frame of the building was not sufficient changes were implemented. U-values for the
construction elements like wall and roof were kept, except the value for suspended floor and U-value for
the windows.
Instead of double glazed, the value for triple glazed windows was put in the program. Also shading for the
windows facing North West and shading from tress around was added but the initial area of 14.83m2 was
kept. Wood burning stove was implemented in the program with possibility of heating whole heated
floorage. Efficiency of the stove is 83% and air flow is stated as 0,1m3/s. Solar cells panel area was kept
for 15m2.
After those changes Building Regulations 2015 as well as both Renovation classes were fulfilled but
building still could not fulfill Energy Frame Buildings 2020.
28
5.1.3 Tiny house with wood stove and big shading (same U value, different window area)
Figure 32 - Energy frame calculation, 2nd option
Since the initial energy frame of the building did not fulfill the requirements another possible changes
were implemented. U-values for the construction elements like wall, roof and windows were kept but
value for suspended floor was changed due to additional insulation in the floor.
Shading for the windows facing North West was used but the initial area of 14.83m2 was reduced to 5m2
in order to fulfill the requirements. Wood burning stove was also implemented in the program with the
same possibility of heating whole heated floorage, efficiency of 83% and air flow as 0,1m3/s. Solar cells
panel area was kept for 15m2.
After those changes Building Regulations 2015 as well as both Renovation classes were fulfilled but
building still could not fulfill Energy Frame Buildings 2020.
In comparison with previous version of possible changes is clear that windows can obviously change
energy frame of the building. Either very good U-value or small area of the windows should be taken into
consideration.
29
5.1.4 Tiny house with heat pump
Figure 33 - Energy frame clculations, 3rd option
Best results from BE15 were obtain with implementation of heat pump in the building. Even when all U-
values for construction were kept the same and area of the windows remained unchanged with shading
on North West, building fulfilled requirements for Energy Frame Building 2020. With 15m2 of solar cells
area and heat pump used for heat supply total energy requirement of the building was 15.7 kWh/m2 per
year.
Heat pump is an air to air heat pump which transfers het from outside to inside the building with
coefficient of performance 5.04, heating capacity of 4.2kW and cooling capacity of 3.5kW.
30
6 Further research and discussion The Tiny House project served as a base research for tiny house living. The following represent few project
ideas that can be carried out by students
6.1 Different interior designs
Tiny Houses concepts come with innovative interiors that will allow the occupants of the house have an
enjoyable experience, without feeling suffocated, or lacking space. Further research projects can be
carried out to find out good solution for interior designs and furniture.
6.2 Different materials
The Tiny House concept can be expanded so that designers, architects and engineers can explore different
materials that can be used for building such a house. Research projects can be done to understand how
each material will act structurally, energetically, economically and socially.
6.3 Different areas implementations
The better understanding of how tiny house living could impact the social sector is necessary for a future
good development of the tiny housing market. Research projects regarding the requirements that
different geographical locations would impose for the construction of a proper tiny house could be carried
out. The houses will be impacted culturally and economically by their location.
6.4 Research for earthquakes and natural disasters
Natural disasters are very common in most parts of the world. A research project regarding the
understanding of constructing fast and stable tiny houses for areas that have been affected or could be
affected by natural disasters would be a great opportunity for people interested in this topic.
31
7 Conclusion
During the fifth semester students had the opportunity to work in a real company, which provided them
with projects that will be implemented in real life. Nordisk Folkecenter offered Ivana Krajcovicova and
Elena Moldovan a project that represented the research base for further implementations in the Tiny
House living field. Working with Tiny House project was a unique experience which underlined what it
means to work in a real-life project, since decisions depend on more parties. This internship made trainees
understand more in depth the impact that each human being has on the environment. Tiny House project
is promoting a way of minimal living that will provide humans with a safe, enjoyable indoor environment,
while helping to reduce the CO2 footprint. Students took part in various excursions and conferences that
served as an inspiration to their personal and professional life.
A significant amount of time was spent in the outline phase, when decisions regarding materials and
design factors had to be discussed. Trainees were also able to take part in the ordering, buying and
delivery of the materials, which gave a different understanding of the time spent on a project where
proper communication is very important.
During scheme design phase, students were challenged by the 2020 energy frame requirement since the
house has a very small footprint, and very big window surface. Most of the time spent in this phase was
used looking for renewable solutions to the energy frame issue. There was no perfect solution found,
since the ideas that we came up with can be used in different housings and locations, depending on the
resource availability and financial situation of the client.
During the time at Folkecenter, trainees had the opportunity to meet various people who also worked in
the construction or renewable energy field, helping find inspiration for current and future projects. The
focus of this project was the research for the implementation of a Tiny House in the NordWest of
Denmark, specifically in Nordisk Folkecenter’s area. Students met with local and international
professionals who shared their input to the project and further research ideas that could be carried out
even after our internship is finished.
32
8 Reference page
8.1 Webpages
8.1.1 Geo analysis:
http://miljoegis.mim.dk/cbkort?profile=miljoegis_vandrammedirektiv2011 http://data.geus.dk/geusmap/?lang=en&mapname=denmark#zoom=5.656429256811454&lat=6225000&lon=557500&visiblelayers=Topographic&filter=&layers=&mapname=denmark&filter=&epsg=25832&mode=map&map_imagetype=png&wkt=
8.1.2 Materials
8.1.2.1 Self-weight of the house
http://traefiberisolering.dk/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/FDV-Hunton-Trefiberisolasjon-Innbl%C3%A5st.pdf http://www.rfcafe.com/references/general/density-building-materials.htm http://wpif.org.uk/uploads/PanelGuide/PanelGuide_2014_Annex2B.pdf http://www.karg.com/pdf/Presentations/Dense_Pack_Cellulose_Insulation.pdf http://www.british-gypsum.com/technical-advice/faqs/114-what-is-the-density-of-gyproc-plasterboards
8.1.2.2 For construction
https://www.bauhaus.dk/traelast/gulve-tilbehor/gulve/laminat-terra-pinje-logoclic.html https://www.bygmax.dk/dampspaerrefolie-0-2-mm-4x50-mtr.html https://www.bauhaus.dk/gulvplader-5-mm-7m-logoclic.html https://www.bygmax.dk/reglar-45x95-mm-gran-hovlet-4-sider.html https://www.xl-byg.dk/produkter/befaestigelse-og-grovbeslag/bolte/gevindjern/nkt-88-vfz-gevindjern-m16.htm https://www.net2traelast.dk/pi/12-mm-Tagkrydsfiner-122-x-244-cm-_2479772_142925.aspx?LanguageID=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIh9vaoZqC2AIVzMmyCh2PRQcmEAQYAiABEgIIYPD_BwE https://www.staalbutikken.dk/shop/rustfri-staalplade-13495p.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIze_I4JiC2AIVTS0ZCh1EYQtPEAAYASAAEgJS2PD_BwE https://www.bygmax.dk/phonix-tagasfalt-10-kg.html https://gulvlageret.dk/oevrige-produkter-134/tagpap-138/tilbehoer-til-tagpap-140/18-mm-tagkrydsfiner-1949.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIzcDEi5qC2AIVncmyCh2dNQf4EAQYASABEgJ8e_D_BwE https://www.bygmax.dk/lindab-rainline-tagrende-3-m-stalmetallic-dim-100-mm.html https://gulvlageret.dk/oevrige-produkter-134/tagpap-138/tilbehoer-til-tagpap-140/18-mm-tagkrydsfiner-1949.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIzcDEi5qC2AIVncmyCh2dNQf4EAQYASABEgJ8e_D_BwE
8.2 Books
23rd edition Teknisk Ståbi - Praxis-Nyt Teknisk Forlag, Faglig redactør: Bjarne Chr. Jensen, København, 2015
33
Elena Ioana Moldovan and Ivana Krajcovicova
Trainees Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy www.folkecenter.net Facebook: Nordisk Folkecenter
ANNEXES Tiny house
Elena Ioana Moldovan and Ivana Krajcovicova
Annex list
No. Name Page no.
1 Self-weight 1
2 Wind load facade 2
3 Wind loads gable 4
4 Seismic Loads 6
5 Overturning and sliding 7
6 Engineers calculations 9
7 Geo calculations 11
8 Tiny House Time schedule 12
9 Preliminary cost 13
10 Cost for roof and floor 14
11 Final cost 15
12 Preliminary Research 16
Load CalculationsSelf-weight
Elena-Ioana MoldovanTiny House Project
Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable Energies
Density (kN/m3) Self weight (kN/m2)Clay render/reed 15.68 0.28224
Woodfiber insulation 0.441 0.1764Timber 3.43 0.15435Timber 3.43 0.15435Timber 3.43 0.1372Plaster 6.272 0.075264
0.979804
Fibreboard 2.646 0.15876Insulating layer straw 1.078 0.4312Internal clay plaster 15.68 0.4704
Timber frame vertical 3.43 0.15435Timber frame horizontal 3.43 0.15435
Timber cladding 3.43 0.06861.43766
Asphalt 7.0658 0.141316Plaster 18mm 6.27 0.112896Timber 3.43 0.32585Celulose insulation 0.55 0.219773318Timber 3.43 0.32585Gypsum board 7.84 0.1176Wooden batten 3.43 0.08575Services 0.15Plaster board 6.272 0.081536Clay render/reed 15.68 0.4704
2.0309713184.448435318
0.045
0.045
TotalRoof
0.020.018
0.02
0.04
0.40.015
Thickness (m)Floor partition
0.0180.4
0.045
0.012Total
External wall0.06
0.40.03
0.045
0.0950.0950.0250.013
TotalSUM (kN/m2)
0.03
1
Load CalculationsWind LoadsLong Facade
Elena-Ioana MoldovanTiny House Project
Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable EnergiesWind velocity References
27 N.A. 4.2.1(P)Vb 27 DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.2
II DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.34.8 DS/EN 1991-1-4, T.4.1
Ce(z)= 1.85 DS/EN 1991-1-4, FIG. 4.2Basic wind pressure coefficientqb 0.5*r*vb^2 455.625 N/m DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.2, N.A.qp(z) ce(z)*qb 0.84290625 kN/m DS/EN 1991-1-4, EQ.4.8d 4.54b 6.888h 4.8e 6.88qp(z) 0.84290625
e Options Calculations Results DS/EN 1991-1-4b 6.8882h 2*4.27 9.6
Conclusion e=6.88
e>d Width DS/EN 1991-1-4, 7.2.2A e/5 1.376B d-e/5 3.164
h/d Zone Cpe,10 qp(z) Wind pressure DS/EN 1991-1-4, T.7.1A -1.2 0.84290625 -1.0114875B -0.8 0.84290625 -0.674325D 0.8 0.84290625 0.674325E -0.502863436 0.84290625 -0.423866733
Maximum wind pressure coefficient
1.057268722
Cdis*Cseason*Vb,0Terrain categoryHeight above terrain,z
Vb,0
the smallest
2
Load CalculationsWind LoadsLong Facade
Elena-Ioana MoldovanTiny House Project
Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable Energies
Roof Zone Width Calculations DS/EN 1991-1-4, 7.2.5angle=2.5, assumed 5 F e/10 0.688e=6.88 G e/10 0.688
H (d/2)-(e/10) 1.582J e/10 0.688I (d/2)-(e/10) 1.582Zone Length CalculationsF e/4 1.72G b-(e/2) 3.448H b 6.888J b 6.888I b 6.888
Duopitched roof 5 degreeRoof suction Cpe,10 qp(z) Wind suction F -1.7 0.84290625 -1.432940625G -1.2 0.84290625 -1.0114875H -0.6 0.84290625 -0.50574375I -0.6 0.84290625 -0.50574375J 0.2 0.84290625 0.16858125
Roof pressure Cpe,10 qp(z) Wind pressure DS/EN 1991-1-4, T.7.4aF 0 0.84290625 0G 0 0.84290625 0H 0 0.84290625 0I -0.6 0.84290625 -0.50574375J -0.6 0.84290625 -0.50574375Internal pressure coefficients DS/EN 1991-1-4, FIG. 5.1Internal suction -0.3*0.82 -0.252871875 kn/m2Internal pressure 0.2*0.820 0.16858125 kn/m2
Internal suction and external pressureD+0.2376 0.927196875 D-0.1584 0.50574375F+0.2377 0.252871875 F-0.1585 -1.601521875G+0.2378 0.252871875 G-0.1586 -1.18006875H+0.2379 0.252871875 H-0.1587 -0.674325I+0.2381 -0.252871875 I-0.1588 -0.674325E+0.2382 -0.170994858 E-0.1590 -0.592447983
Uplift -1.601521875Pressure 0.252871875Pressure on the wall 0.927196875Sucction on the wall -0.592447983Transverse windA 29.9Ww 68.15607189
Internal pressure and external suction
((h+fl)*0.5+0.585)*l+x*l(d*h*0.5+d*x)*(D+E)*1.5
3
Load CalculationsWind Loads
GableElena-Ioana Moldovan
Tiny House ProjectNordisk Folkecenter for Renewable Energies
Wind velocity References27 N.A. 4.2.1(P)
Vb 27 DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.2II DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.3
4.8 DS/EN 1991-1-4, T.4.1Ce(z)= 1.85 DS/EN 1991-1-4, FIG. 4.2
Basic wind pressure coefficientqb 0.5*r*vb^2 455.625 N/m DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.2, N.A.qp(z) ce(z)*qb 0.84290625 kN/m DS/EN 1991-1-4,4.5, EQ.4.8d 6.888b 4.54h 4.8e 4.54qp(z) 0.84290625
e Options Calculations Results DS/EN 1991-1-4b 4.542h 2*4.27 9.6
Conclusion e=4.54
e<d Width DS/EN 1991-1-4, 7.2.2A e/5 0.908B 4e/5 3.632C d-e 2.348
h/d Zone Cpe,10 qp(z) Wind pressure DS/EN 1991-1-4, 7.2.2, T.7.1A -1.2 0.84290625 -1.0114875B -0.8 0.84290625 -0.674325C -0.5 0.84290625 -0.421453125D 0.759581882 0.84290625 0.544217868E -0.419163763 0.84290625 -0.300318392
Maximum wind pressure coefficient
0.696864111
the smallest
Height above terrain,zTerrain categoryVb,0
Cdis*Cseason*Vb,0
4
Load CalculationsWind Loads
GableElena-Ioana Moldovan
Tiny House ProjectNordisk Folkecenter for Renewable Energies
Roof Zone Length Calculations DS/EN 1991-1-4, 7.2.5F e/10 0.454G e/10 0.454H (e/2)-(e/10) 1.816I d-e/2 4.618Zone Width CalculationsF e/4 1.135G b-(e/2) 2.27H b/2 2.27I b 4.54
Duopitched roof 5 degreesRoof suction Cpe,10 qp(z) Wind suction DS/EN 1991-1-4, T.7.4aF -1.7 0.84290625 -1.432940625G -1.2 0.84290625 -1.0114875H -0.6 0.84290625 -0.50574375I -0.6 0.84290625 -0.50574375J 0.2 0.84290625 0.16858125Roof pressure Cpe,10 qp(z) Wind pressure DS/EN 1991-1-4, T.7.4aF 0 0.792 0G 0 0.792 0H 0 0.792 0I -0.6 0.792 -0.4752J -0.6 0.792 -0.4752Internal pressure coefficients DS/EN 1991-1-4, FIG. 5.1Internal suction -0.3*0.792 -0.252871875 kn/m2Internal pressure 0.2*0.792 0.16858125 kn/m2Internal suction and external pressureD+0.2376 0.797089743 D-0.1584 0.375636618F+0.2377 0.252871875 F-0.1585 -1.601521875G+0.2378 0.252871875 G-0.1586 -1.18006875H+0.2379 0.252871875 H-0.1587 -0.674325J+0.2380 -0.222328125 J-0.1588 -0.674325I+0.2381 -0.222328125 I-0.1589 0E+0.2382 -0.007 E-0.1590 -0.468899642
Uplift -1.601521875Pressure 0.252871875Pressure on the wall 0.797089743Sucction on the wall -0.468899642Longitudinal windA 10.73667Ww 20.38876538
Internal pressure and external suction
(d*h*0.5+d*x)*(D+E)*1.5((3.3+0.430)*0.5+0.585)+(0.0938*2.15)
5
Load CalculationsSeismic Loads
Elena MoldovanTiny House Project
Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable Energies General informationA 19.95 m2kfi 0.9 TS 23Ed, p.125, CC1 Wm/3 0.5182431Window q 0.112 Reference XX Vm(kN) 0.5182431Ψ0 0.5 TS 23Ed, Table 4.6Ψ2 0.2 TS 23Ed, Table 4.6qk 1.5 TS Table 4.7 ΔVw 1/200*(1.5*1*Ψ0-Ψ2)*A*qk 0.08229375
Vw(kN) Vm+ΔVw 0.60053685Roof 1.83 kN/m2Wall 1.44 kN/m2Floor 0.96 kN/m2 Wm/l 0.239189123 kN/m
Ww 68.156 kN/mh 4.315 ml1 5.7 ml2 3.5 m 1.5*Kfi*Ww+Vw 92.61113685 kNNW 2.71 m2 90%(Wm+Vm) 1.86567516 kNSW 7.7 m2 Wind > SeismicSE 4.4 m2
Wm/w 0.361564953 kN/mRoof A(g+0*s) 36.5085 Ww 20 kN/mWindow A*q 1.65872Façade h*g*(l1+l2)*2-Awindw*Qwindw 112.67152Lightweight 1kN/m2*A 19.95 1.5*Kfi*Ww+Vw 27.60053685 kNTotal 103.64862Seismic Roof (Wm2) 1.5%*Total 1.5547293 90%(Wm+Vm) 1.86567516 kN
1.5547293 Wind > Seismic
Self weight
Windows
Imperfection in combination with seismic totalRoof
WindSeismic
Comparison
Transverse
Imperfection in combination with wind transverse
Dimensions
SeismicWind
Comparison
Longitudinal
Wm
To the roof
6
7
8
9
Engineers calculations
10
11
Geo calculations
ID Task Mode Task Name Duration Start Finish Predecessors1 Situation Description 5 days Mon 8/7/17 Fri 8/11/172 What is a tiny house 3 days Mon 8/7/17 Wed 8/9/178 Are there other concepts similar ro Tiny House 2 days Thu 8/10/17 Fri 8/11/17
9 Construction 5 days Mon 8/14/17 Fri 8/18/17 110 Materials (used and most common) 3 days Mon 8/14/17 Wed 8/16/1711 Foundation12 Walls13 Roof14 Recycled? Which part of the building15 Can the materials of hosue be recycled afterwords 16 Mobility 1 day Thu 8/17/17 Thu 8/17/1717 Can it be done?18 PROS19 CONS20 What is the complexity related to the construction 1 day Fri 8/18/17 Fri 8/18/17
23 Stability 5 days Mon 8/7/17 Fri 8/11/1724 Is the Tiny House stable 3 days Mon 8/7/17 Wed 8/9/1732 Can it resist to natural elements 2 days Thu 8/10/17 Fri 8/11/1738 Facilities 5 days Mon 8/21/17 Fri 8/25/17 939 What is the typical layout of the house 1 day Mon 8/21/17 Mon 8/21/1740 Can it be built on different levels 1 day Tue 8/22/17 Tue 8/22/1741 How many levels can it be built on 1 day Wed 8/23/17 Wed 8/23/1742 Does it include all facilities of typical houses? 1 day Thu 8/24/17 Thu 8/24/1743 If not, what are the available solutions 1 day Fri 8/25/17 Fri 8/25/1744 Energy 5 days Mon 8/14/17 Fri 8/18/17 2345 How good is the insulations 1 day Mon 8/14/17 Mon 8/14/1747 What is the average conspution of the house per year
4 days Tue 8/15/17 Fri 8/18/17
49 Costs 5 days Mon 8/21/17 Fri 8/25/17 4450 Cost per m2 5 days Mon 8/21/17 Fri 8/25/1752 With a lower energy consumption and lower running costs, how much isthe expected payback period53 Conclusion 5 days Mon 8/28/17 Fri 9/1/17 38,49
S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F SAug 6, '17 Aug 13, '17 Aug 20, '17 Aug 27, '17
TaskSplitMilestone
SummaryProject SummaryInactive Task
Inactive MilestoneInactive SummaryManual Task
Duration-onlyManual Summary RollupManual Summary
Start-onlyFinish-onlyExternal Tasks
External MilestoneDeadlineProgress
Manual Progress
Page 1
Project: Tiny House Microsoft PDate: Wed 12/13/17
12
Tiny House Time schedule
Amount Price Price
(including VAT)
5 5,775 7,219 https://www.ibf.dk/sites/default/files/filer/fabriksbetonprisliste2017_net.pdf
250 2,199 2,933 https://www.bauhaus.dk/gulvplader-5-mm-7m-logoclic.html21 2,167 2,889 https://www.bauhaus.dk/traelast/gulve-tilbehor/gulve/laminat-terra-pinje-logoclic.html22 15,697 20,930 http://www.bygmax.dk/limtraes-bjaelke-bredde-90-mm.html2 714 952 https://www.byggecenter.dk/webshop/traehandel/hvidt-trae/spaertrae/1463-047300-0600-47x300-mm-spaertrae-c18-600cm
54 74,400 93,00054 6,159 8,212 https://www.bauhaus.dk/traelast/byggematerialer/udvendig-trae/klinkbeklaedning-25x125-mm-390-cm-froslev.html
- 5,480 6,850
28 21,000 28,000DKK 133,591 170,983
Ovenhttp://jotul.com/dk/produkter/braendeovne/Jotul-f-305-LL#technical-area
Roof (m2)
Timber finish (m2)
Roof
Table for cost
Concrete (m3)
Windows
Timber finish - outside (m2)
Insulation (mm)
Straw elements (m2)
Glulam beam 90x300 mmBeam 45x300
Foundation
Floor
Wall
Windows
13
Preliminary cost
Price/STK STK TOTALTimber finish - 21 2889 https://www.bauhaus.dk/traelast/gulve-tilbehor/gulve/laminat-terra-pinje-logoclic.htmlAirtight membrane 699 1 699 https://www.bygmax.dk/dampspaerrefolie-0-2-mm-4x50-mtr.htmlWoodfiber insulation - - 2933 https://www.bauhaus.dk/gulvplader-5-mm-7m-logoclic.htmlBeam GL32C 90x400 mm - 2 -Beam C24 45x245 mm - 14 -Beam 45x95 mm reglar 26 21 546 https://www.bygmax.dk/reglar-45x95-mm-gran-hovlet-4-sider.htmlBeam carrier BSN 48/166 21 14 294Hulbånd 25x2,0mm - 25m 407 1 407Nails M16 100 6 600 https://www.xl-byg.dk/produkter/befaestigelse-og-grovbeslag/bolte/gevindjern/nkt-88-vfz-gevindjern-m16.htmPlywood board 12mm 189 9 1701 https://www.net2traelast.dk/pi/12-mm-Tagkrydsfiner-122-x-244-cm-_2479772_142925.aspx?LanguageID=1&gclid=EAIaIQobChMIh9vaoZqC2AIVzMmyCh2PRQcmEAQYAiABEgIIYPD_BwERosfri plate 1mm 430x630 mm 303 10 3032 https://www.staalbutikken.dk/shop/rustfri-staalplade-13495p.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIze_I4JiC2AIVTS0ZCh1EYQtPEAAYASAAEgJS2PD_BwE
13101Total (Dkk)
Steel plate on the bottom
Floor
Price/STK STK TOTALAsphalt layer 405 4 1620 https://www.bygmax.dk/phonix-tagasfalt-10-kg.htmlPlywood board 18mm 345 15 5175 https://gulvlageret.dk/oevrige-produkter-134/tagpap-138/tilbehoer-til-tagpap-140/18-mm-tagkrydsfiner-1949.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIzcDEi5qC2AIVncmyCh2dNQf4EAQYASABEgJ8e_D_BwERoof sloping construction - 1 -Woodfiber insulation - - 5865 https://www.bauhaus.dk/gulvplader-5-mm-7m-logoclic.htmlBeam C18 45x245mm - 2 -Beam 45x95 mm reglar 95 10 950 https://www.bygmax.dk/reglar-45x95-mm-gran-hovlet-4-sider.htmlAirtight membrane 699 1 699Steel net - - -Clay layer - - -Gutter 249 6 1494 https://www.bygmax.dk/lindab-rainline-tagrende-3-m-stalmetallic-dim-100-mm.html
15803
Battens
Roof
Total
Price/STK STK TOTALAsphalt layer 405 4 1620 https://www.bygmax.dk/phonix-tagasfalt-10-kg.htmlPlywood board 18mm 345 15 5175 https://gulvlageret.dk/oevrige-produkter-134/tagpap-138/tilbehoer-til-tagpap-140/18-mm-tagkrydsfiner-1949.html?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIzcDEi5qC2AIVncmyCh2dNQf4EAQYASABEgJ8e_D_BwETruss 499 11 5489Woodfiber insulation - - 5865 https://www.bauhaus.dk/gulvplader-5-mm-7m-logoclic.htmlAirtight membrane 699 1 699 https://www.bygmax.dk/dampspaerrefolie-0-2-mm-4x50-mtr.htmlBeam 45x145 mm reglar 46 4 182 https://www.bygmax.dk/reglar-45x95-mm-gran-hovlet-4-sider.htmlSteel net - - -Clay layer - - -Gutter 249 6 1494 https://www.bygmax.dk/lindab-rainline-tagrende-3-m-stalmetallic-dim-100-mm.htmlTransportation of trusses - - 1100
21624
Roof
Truss
Total
14
Cost for roof and floor
Amount Price Price
(including VAT)
5 5,775 7,219 https://www.ibf.dk/sites/default/files/filer/fabriksbetonprisliste2017_net.pdf
1 9,826 13,101
54 74,400 93,00054 6,159 8,212
- 5,480 6,850https://www.bauhaus.dk/traelast/byggematerialer/udvendig-trae/klinkbeklaedning-25x125-mm-390-cm-froslev.html
1 16,218 21,624DKK 117,858 150,005
Ovenhttp://jotul.com/dk/produkter/braendeovne/Jotul-f-305-LL#technical-area
WindowsWindows
RoofRoof (m2)
WallStraw elements (m2)
Timber finish - outside (m2)
Table for cost
FoundationConcrete (m3)
FloorFloor constrution
15
Final cost
TINY HOUSES
Natalia Cardanha and Mikel
González
Trainee
11 July 2017
Sustainable Living Solutions: The Tiny
House
16
Preliminary Research
Title: Sustainable Living Solutions: The Tiny House
Author: Natalia Cardanha and Mikel González
Nationality: Spanish
Period at Folkecenter: July 2017 – August 2017
Abstract of the work:
Number of pages (excluding appendixes): X
Topic: Tiny houses
Keywords: Tiny house, mobility, simplify, freedom.
In this report, it has been researched about the Tiny House Movement to give an answer to the
following questions: What is the movement about, why people are joining it, what are the
consequences of going tiny…?
17
2
Table of Content
List of Figures .....................................................................................................................................3
1 Situation description ......................................................................................................................4
2 Appendix 1: References..................................................................................................................6
18
3
List of Figures Figure 1: Study of the use of the different areas in a house ...................................................................5
19
4
1 Situation description Tiny houses are not really a new phenomenon. During history, lots of cultures have lived in small houses,
for instance the Indians in their teepees or Mongolians in yurts, but when the middle class started to grow,
the size of the houses followed the same tendency [1]. Nowadays, the situation is changing because there
is a movement called ‘The Tiny House movement’, and people is now returning to smal ler dwellings.
The Tiny House movement is an architectural and social movement where people are choosing to
downsize the space they live in, simplifying their lifestyles [2] [3]. But the concept of Tiny House is quite
wide, in other words, there is not a fixed definition. There are many different ways to go tiny as an RV
(Recreation Vehicle), a modular home, a cottage, treehouses [1]… However, the most extended definition
is a house with a living area under 37m2. It does not matter if it is on wheels or on a foundation. Anyway,
if the house exceeds this area, but it is smaller than 93m2, then it is considered a small house (another
category of this movement) [4].
All this started when Sarah Susanka wrote the book called “The not so big house” in 1997 defending a
house which better suits each one´s way of living [5] spreading this message: “quality should always come
before quantity” [6]. In 2005 after Hurricane Katrina happened, the Katrina Cottage (28,6 m2) became an
alternative to the trailers that the US government provides after natural disasters. But the real boom
happened when the economic crisis began in 2008, because people did not have enough money to cope
with a mortgage or a rent [4]. It has to be mentioned that this movement has mostly developed in
America, even if it is also present in some other places of the world, as it can be the case of Japan.
People are joining this movement for many reasons, but the most popular reasons include environmental
concerns, financial concerns, and the desire for more time and freedom [7]. For instance, society is gotten
frustrated with the consumerism, buying more, owning more… Besides, some people do not see
themselves living at the same place for all their lives, so a tiny house on wheels would give flexibility and
freedom to move around [8].
In relation to environmental concerns, it has to be mentioned that a house of this type is environmentally
friendlier because it needs less resources to build and maintain. Moreover, it promotes minimalism
because it will be hard to hold onto stuff that it is not needed or used when the aim is to save space [9].
Regarding financial concerns, it can be said that housing prices are climbing especially in big cities, so as
people want to be free from paying a rent or a mortgage they choose the option of going tiny [10].
Looking for the consequences of going tiny, it can be said that one of the most important is being more
conscious about how we live. Obviously, there are some less important others as spending less time
20
5
cleaning, having cheaper bills, but with them, the living quality increases a lot by having more free time
and money [11].
As another argument to go tiny, it has to be mentioned the result of a study it was played out. As it can
be seen in figure 1, people spend almost all the time at the same places of the house. So, if those areas
without red spots were removed, the necessities would still be fulfilled.
Figure 1: The red dots represent where is it spent more time in a house [12].
Furthermore, in a tiny house community would be possible to share some spaces, such as, the kitchen,
the bathroom, etc. making easier to socialize and gaining in comradeship strengthening the bonds of the
group.
To sum up the philosophy of Tiny Houses it can be said that is a desire to live modestly while conserving
natural resources [13]. In other words, a tiny house is about realizing within what we have, what we want,
what we need… [14]. Apart from that, as people design and personalize their own houses, their values are
reflected in their home space knowing themselves in a better way [13].
21
6
2 Appendix 1: References [1] http://www.tinyhousetown.net/p/about-blog.html
[2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_house_movement
[3] http://thetinylife.com/what-is-the-tiny-house-movement/
[4] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiny_house_movement
[5] http://www.notsobighouse.com/
[6] https://www.amazon.com/Not-So-Big-House-Blueprint/dp/1600851509
[7] http://thetinylife.com/what-is-the-tiny-house-movement/
[8] https://vimeo.com/95698105
[9] http://www.tinyhousetown.net/p/about-blog.html
[10] http://www.tinyhousetown.net/p/about-blog.html
[11] http://tinyhousetalk.com/tiny-house-movement/
[12] https://www.treehugger.com/green-architecture/what-would-our-homes-look-if-designed-
around-how-we-use-them.html
[13] https://ced.berkeley.edu/events-media/news/the-psychology-behind-the-tiny-house-
movement
[14] https://vimeo.com/95698105
22
1
Natalia Cardanha and Mikel González Trainee Nordic Folkecenter for Renewable Energy www.folkecenter.net Facebook: Nordisk Folkecenter
23
STRUCTURAL DRAWINGS Tiny house
Elena Ioana Moldovan and Ivana Krajcovicova
Drawing list
Name Drawing no Scale Drawn by
1 Floor Plan 1.01 1:70 EM
2 Furniture Plan 1.02 1:70 EM
3 Elevation SE 1.03 1:50 EM
4 Elevation NW 1.04 1:50 EM
5 Elevation SW 1.05 1:50 EM
6 Elevation NE 1.06 1:50 EM
7 Floor cross section from long side 1.07 1:20 IK
8 Floor gable cross section 1.08 1:13 EM
9 Roof longitudinal cross section 1.09 1:22 EM
10 Roof cross section from gable 1.10 1:15 IK
11 Floor detail from long side 1.11 1:15 IK
12 Floor detail from gable 1.12 1:09 EM
13 Roof detail from long side 1.13 1:10 EM
14 Roof detail from gable 1.14 1:15 IK
15 Wind blades dimensions 1.15 1:50 IK
DN
3500HE
MS
1250
1780 1785
1280
A
2
3
B C28502850
2460
1925
Scale
Project numberDateDrawn byChecked by 1 : 70
1.01Floor Plan
1Nordisk Folkecenter forRenewable Energies
Tiny House 15/12/2017Elena Moldovan
Ivana Krajcovicova
DN
Scale
Project numberDateDrawn byChecked by 1 : 70
1.02Furniture Plan
1Nordisk Folkecenter forRenewable Energies
Tiny House 15/12/2017Elena Moldovan
Ivana Krajcovikova
Level 10
Level 22320
Level 33320
1280
1290
2150
Level 5-1430
1996 1840 733 1543
Ground level
Scale
Project numberDateDrawn byChecked by 1 : 50
1.03SE Elevation
1Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable EnergiesTiny House 15/12/2017
Elena MoldovanIvana Krajcovicova
1 : 50SE1
Level 10
Level 22320
Level 33320
1250
2160
Level 5-1430
4330
19962275 1285
200
Ground level
Scale
Project numberDateDrawn byChecked by 1 : 50
1.04NW Elevation
1Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable EnergiesTiny House 15/12/2017
Elena MoldovanIvana Krajcovicova
1 : 50NW1
Level 10
Level 22320
Level 33320
1785 1780
2160
Level 5-1430
620332
0
679482
9
400
3050 3200
Ground level
600Scale
Project numberDateDrawn byChecked by 1 : 50
1.05SW Elevation
1Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable EnergiesTiny House 15/12/2017
Elena MoldovanIvana Krajcovicova
1 : 50SW1
Level 10
Level 22320
Level 33320
Level 5-1430
6500 13261042
1043 3200 3050 1501
Ground level
Scale
Project numberDateDrawn byChecked by 1 : 50
1.06NE Elevation
1Nordisk Folkecenter for Renewable EnergiesTiny House 15/12/2017
Elena MoldovanIvana Krajcovicova
1 : 50NE1
230
17375
375
417375
375375
375375
375375
375375
375375
375375
417
5709
1969
1969
1969
5906
42
89
11
90
Bjæ
lkesko B
SN
48/166
M 16 B
olt
Beam
90x400m
m
Concrete
foundation
Ecococo
n wall pa
nels
253
Exte
rnal insu
lation
Hu
lbånd 25
x2,0mm
450
450
450
450
12
310
45
95
90
Bjæ
lkesko B
SN
48/166
M 16 B
olt
Beam
90x400m
m
Concrete
foundation
Ecococo
n wall pa
nels
298
Exte
rnal insu
lation
12
45
95
450
4300F
loor b
attens raegler 45x95m
mR
ostfri layer 1m
m
Moisture b
arrier 0.2mm
Clay finish 10m
m
Moisture ba
rrier 2mm
C24 B
eam
45x2
45mm
Wood
fiber insulation
X F
iner 18mm
445
450
445
3500
Waterproo
f me
mb
rane
0.2mm
Ecococon
wall pa
nels
Tim
berb
attens
Tim
berclad
ding
60
25
45
68
3
12
67
40
01
0
67
Cla
y finishE
cococonw
all panels
12
67
40
01
0
81
3
81
20
84
25
75
75
81
38
13
81
38
13
81
38
13
81
38
13
Colum
n 45x1
95mm
Colum
n
Externa
l layer
Insulation be
twee
n 45x235m
m beam
s
Gyp
sum
board 12m
m
Rou
st Tru
ss/Air space
Fin
ish laye
r 18mm
Structu
ral be
am 4
5x95mm
Asph
alt 6mm
57
00
65
001
597
25
45
12
45
400
21
45
95
500
560
25
45
12
45
400
21
45
95
500
560
245
18400
400
445
400
400
400
45
95
12
43
0
90
24
5
15
5
12
C2
4 B
ea
m 4
5x245mm
Plyw
oo
d 12m
m
Bjæ
lkesko
BS
N 48/166
M 1
6 Bo
lt
Be
am
90
x400mm
Moisture ba
rrier 0.2m
m
Co
ncrete
fou
nd
ation
Eco
coco
n w
all panels
Wo
od
fibe
r insulation
40
0
45
02
53
18
45
95
Flo
or b
atte
ns ra
egler 45x95mm
X F
ine
r 18mm
Exte
rna
l insulation
Rostfri layer 1
mm
Hu
lbå
nd
25x2,0m
m
44
5
Cla
y finish 10m
m
45
12
Pla
ster board
Moisture ba
rrier 2m
m
95
40
0
Insu
latio
n b
etw
ee
n 45x235m
mb
ea
ms
Gyp
sum
bo
ard
12mm
Mo
isture
ba
rier 0.2m
mE
coco
con
wa
ll panels
68
3
Ro
ust T
russ/A
ir space
Fin
ish layer
16
0
18
.0000
Stru
ctura
l be
am
45x95mm
95
Mo
isture
ba
rrier
Tim
be
r ba
ttens
Tim
be
r cladding
60
25
45
56
0
60
12
67
40
01
0
67
Cla
y finish
81
3
Pla
ster b
oa
rd 12mm
Tim
be
r ba
tten
s 22x95mm
Cla
y finish
30 mm
Ste
el net
Asp
ha
lt layer 6m
m
25
45
1245
400
21
45
95
500
560
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